李建華,周 喆,張照研,豆峰娜,周 葉,晏沐陽(yáng)
1解放軍總醫(yī)院 老年心血管病研究所,北京 100853;2軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院放射與輻射研究所,北京 100850
辛伐他汀聯(lián)合依折麥布對(duì)ApoE-/-小鼠動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的影響
李建華1,周 喆2,張照研2,豆峰娜2,周 葉1,晏沐陽(yáng)1
1解放軍總醫(yī)院 老年心血管病研究所,北京 100853;2軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院放射與輻射研究所,北京 100850
目的 觀察辛伐他汀聯(lián)合依折麥布對(duì)高脂喂養(yǎng)的ApoE-/-小鼠動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的作用。方法 選取8周齡雄性AopE-/-小鼠36只,隨機(jī)分為模型組、辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組,辛伐他汀組給予辛伐他汀20 mg/kg灌胃,聯(lián)合組給予20 mg/kg辛伐他汀和10 mg/kg依折麥布灌胃,模型組給予等量磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)灌胃。灌胃1次/d,連續(xù)8周后,取主動(dòng)脈全程進(jìn)行油紅O染色,計(jì)算斑塊面積百分比。結(jié)果辛伐他汀組及聯(lián)合組的血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平明顯低于模型組(P<0.01),其中聯(lián)合組TG和LDL-C水平降低更明顯(與辛伐他汀組比較,P<0.01),聯(lián)合組HDL-C/LDL-C比值較模型組和辛伐他汀組明顯升高(P<0.001)。辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組主動(dòng)脈斑塊面積百分比顯著小于模型組(P<0.05),聯(lián)合組減小更顯著(P<0.01)。結(jié)論辛伐他汀聯(lián)合依折麥布對(duì)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的抑制作用更明顯。
辛伐他?。灰勒埯湶?;動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化;ApoE基因敲除鼠
目前認(rèn)為,動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的形成是冠心病、心肌梗死等缺血性心血管疾病的最主要病因。因此,動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的防治工作也越來(lái)越受到國(guó)內(nèi)外臨床醫(yī)師的重視。大量研究表明,他汀類(lèi)藥物能夠在一定程度上消退斑塊,其已經(jīng)作為一線(xiàn)藥物,廣泛應(yīng)用于冠心病的一級(jí)、二級(jí)預(yù)防[1-3]。依折麥布為膽固醇吸收抑制劑,通過(guò)附著于小腸細(xì)胞的刷狀緣,抑制尼曼-匹克C1型類(lèi)似蛋白(Niemann-Pick C1 like 1,NPC1L1)的活性,選擇性地抑制膽固醇和植物固醇的吸收[4]。一些臨床試驗(yàn)證實(shí),他汀類(lèi)藥物聯(lián)合依折麥布能夠提高患者血脂的達(dá)標(biāo)率[5-7]。但是,他汀類(lèi)藥物聯(lián)合依折麥布對(duì)斑塊抑制或消退的作用卻鮮有報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用ApoE-/-小鼠的動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化模型,通過(guò)檢測(cè)其血脂和相應(yīng)形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo),進(jìn)一步探討辛伐他汀聯(lián)合依折麥布的抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化作用。
1 主要試劑與儀器 辛伐他汀片(杭州默沙東公司);依折麥布片(杭州默沙東公司);油紅O染色試劑盒(北京博奧森生物技術(shù)有限公司);血脂測(cè)定試劑盒(北京中杉生物科技有限公司)。實(shí)體顯微鏡(OLYMPUS SZ61);分光光度儀(日本導(dǎo)津,UV21206)。
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與分組 選取8周齡雄性以C57BL/6J為遺傳背景的AopE-/-小鼠36只(北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部動(dòng)物中心提供),隨機(jī)分為模型組、辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組,每組12只。動(dòng)物適應(yīng)2周后,給予高脂飲食(常規(guī)小鼠飼料+ 21%脂肪+ 0.15%膽固醇,北京科澳協(xié)力公司提供)。高脂喂養(yǎng)9周后,對(duì)小鼠進(jìn)行干預(yù),辛伐他汀組每天給予20 mg/kg辛伐他汀、聯(lián)合組每天給予20 mg/kg辛伐他汀和10 mg/kg依折麥布溶于一定量的磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)灌胃,模型組給予等量PBS灌胃。連續(xù)灌胃8周后處死取材,處死前禁食12 h,不禁水。
3 血脂測(cè)定 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后(鼠齡27周),麻醉小鼠心臟采血,置于離心機(jī)離心(3 000 r/min,離心15 min),留取血清,用酶法分析,用分光光度儀(日本導(dǎo)津,UV21206)測(cè)定樣本的吸光度(A)值,并根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液與待測(cè)樣本A值之比計(jì)算出血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)等。
4 病理觀察 2%硫噴妥鈉5 mg/100 g腹腔注射麻醉小鼠后,用PBS經(jīng)左心室灌流,在實(shí)體顯微鏡下分離小鼠主動(dòng)脈全程,4%多聚甲醛固定,20%蔗糖脫水,然后縱行剖開(kāi)主動(dòng)脈,采用油紅O染色,并應(yīng)用Image J軟件分析主動(dòng)脈斑塊/血管內(nèi)膜表面積比例。
5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。數(shù)據(jù)以x-±s表示,組間差異采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1 3組小鼠體質(zhì)量變化 3組小鼠體質(zhì)量隨時(shí)間均出現(xiàn)不同程度的增加,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí),模型組、辛伐他汀組、聯(lián)合組體質(zhì)量分別為(31.0±1.6) g、(30.5±2.6) g和(28.3±1.4) g。聯(lián)合組小鼠體質(zhì)量較模型組(P<0.01)和辛伐他汀組(P<0.05)顯著減輕。模型組與辛伐他汀組體質(zhì)量差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見(jiàn)圖1。
2 3組小鼠血脂水平變化 辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組的TG、TC、LDL-C較模型組顯著降低(P<0.01)。聯(lián)合組降低更明顯,其中TG、LDL-C的降低幅度較辛伐他汀組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)(表1)。辛伐他汀組的HDL-C/LDL-C值為0.17±0.005,雖然較模型組(0.15±0.003)略微上升,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.09)。聯(lián)合組HDL-C/LDL-C比值(4.829±0.480)升高明顯,與辛伐他汀組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),見(jiàn)圖2。
3 主動(dòng)脈斑塊形態(tài)學(xué)比較 取主動(dòng)脈全段,縱行剖開(kāi),對(duì)3組小鼠的主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜進(jìn)行油紅O染色。觀察可見(jiàn),模型組小鼠主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜有明顯的局灶性紅染,說(shuō)明動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜下大量泡沫細(xì)胞聚集;辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜著色均明顯變淡(圖3)。應(yīng)用Image J軟件分析3組小鼠斑塊占主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜面積百分比,模型組、辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組分別為(54.50±15.41)%、(33.69±9.72)%及(20.62±3.25)%,提示辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合組斑塊面積百分比均顯著降低(P<0.05),聯(lián)合組降低更明顯,但與辛伐他汀組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)圖4。
表1 3組小鼠血脂水平比較Tab. 1 Serum lipid levels in 3 groups
動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化是冠心病、心肌梗死等缺血性心血管疾病共同的病理基礎(chǔ),其發(fā)病率逐年升高,嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)生命健康。動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊消退與心血管事件呈負(fù)相關(guān),穩(wěn)定和消退斑塊能顯著降低心血管惡性事件[8-10]。
他汀類(lèi)藥物穩(wěn)定和消退斑塊的作用已經(jīng)成為共識(shí)。JAPAN-ACS研究在日本33個(gè)中心納入了307名經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入術(shù)術(shù)后的患者隨機(jī)分為2組,并給予匹伐他汀4 mg/d或阿托伐他汀20 mg/d的強(qiáng)化調(diào)脂治療,采用血管內(nèi)超聲評(píng)估基線(xiàn)和治療8 ~ 12個(gè)月后斑塊體積百分比(percent atheroma volume,PAV)的變化[11]。結(jié)果顯示,匹伐他汀組PAV下降16.9%,阿托伐他汀組下降18.1%(P=0.5)。兩種他汀強(qiáng)化降脂的治療方案均能實(shí)現(xiàn)斑塊消退。但他汀降脂治療仍存在一定局限性,它只能使一小部分患者血脂達(dá)標(biāo),而且存在“6%規(guī)律”,即在他汀類(lèi)藥物初始劑量的基礎(chǔ)上增加1倍的劑量,其降低LDL-C水平的療效只增加6%。強(qiáng)化他汀治療引起的肝毒性和肌病等不良反應(yīng)也是一個(gè)不可忽視的問(wèn)題[12-14]。依折麥布和他汀類(lèi)藥物降脂作用互補(bǔ),兩者聯(lián)合既降低了膽固醇的體內(nèi)合成,又減少了膽固醇的腸道吸收,具有良好的協(xié)同作用,且安全性好,成為近年來(lái)研究熱點(diǎn)。大量臨床試驗(yàn)對(duì)兩者聯(lián)合用藥效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并得到了肯定的結(jié)論。Mikhailidis等[15]的薈萃分析把原發(fā)性家族性高膽固醇血癥患者隨機(jī)分成2組,即聯(lián)合用藥組(依折麥布和他汀)和他汀組(雙倍劑量的他汀),隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合用藥組能更加顯著地降低LDL-C。Yunoki等[5]證實(shí)他汀類(lèi)聯(lián)合依折麥布治療效果比單用他汀類(lèi)藥物更加突出,提高內(nèi)皮功能的效果更加顯著。SHARP研究證實(shí),辛伐他汀20 mg聯(lián)合依折麥布10 mg治療不僅能顯著地降低LDL-C,而且心源性死亡、心肌梗死、非出血性卒中等主要臨床終點(diǎn)事件也比他汀組減少17%[16]。
圖1 3組小鼠體質(zhì)量隨時(shí)間的變化Fig. 1 Body weight in 3 groups at different time points
圖2 3組小鼠血脂HDL-C/LDL-C比值Fig. 2 HDL-C/LDL-C ratio in model group (1), simvastatin treatment group (2), and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (3)aP<0.001, vs simvastatin treatment group
圖3 3組ApoE-/-小鼠主動(dòng)脈油紅O染色對(duì)比Fig. 3 Aorta tissue sample from ApoE-/-mice stained with oil red O from model group (l),simvastatin treatment group (2), and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (3)
圖4 3組小鼠主動(dòng)脈油紅O染色斑塊面積百分比Fig. 4 Area of plaques in aorta tissue samples stained with oil red Ofrom model group (l), simvastatin treatment group (2), andcombined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (3)aP<0.05,bP<0.01, vs model group
在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,聯(lián)合用藥組體質(zhì)量增加最小,這可能與依折麥布顯著降低膽固醇腸吸收的作用有關(guān)。聯(lián)合用藥組和辛伐他汀組都能顯著降低ApoE-/-小鼠的TG、LDL-C和TC水平,聯(lián)合用藥組降低更明顯,驗(yàn)證了依折麥布和他汀類(lèi)藥物調(diào)脂方面的協(xié)同互補(bǔ)作用。另外,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合組能夠顯著升高HDL-C/LDL-C比值,過(guò)去已證實(shí)升高HDL-C/LDL-C比值能夠獲得更大的心血管獲益[17-18]。主動(dòng)脈全程油紅“O”染色顯示,辛伐他汀組和聯(lián)合用藥組動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化均顯著消退,但聯(lián)合用藥組消退更明顯。
綜上所述,依折麥布聯(lián)合辛伐他汀能夠更有效地降低血脂水平,穩(wěn)定和消退動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊的作用更明顯。依折麥布聯(lián)合他汀藥物療效更優(yōu)。
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Effect of combined simvastatin and ezetimibe on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice
LI Jian-hua1, ZHOU Zhe2, ZHANG Zhao-yan2, DOU Feng-na2, ZHOU Ye1, YAN Mu-yang1
1Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;2Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
YAN Mu-yang. Email: yanmy301@sina.com; ZHOU Zhe. Email: zhouzhe76@163.com
Objective To study the effect of combined simvastatin and ezetimibe on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice on a high-fat diet.MethodsThirty-six male ApoE-/-mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into model group, simvastatin treatment group and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group (12 in each group). Animals in simvastatin treatment group were treated with intragastric simvastatin (20 mg/kg), those in combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group were treated with intragastric simvastatin (20 mg/kg) and ezetimibe (10 mg/kg), and those in model group
PBS buffer, once a day for 8 weeks. Aorta tissue sample taken from the animals were stained with oil red O to measure the area of their plaques.ResultsThe serum TG, TC and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in simvastatin treatment group and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in model group (P<0.01). The serum TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in simvastatin treatment group (P<0.01) whereas the HDL-C/ LDL-C ratio was significantly higher in combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in model group and simvastatin treatment group (P<0.01). The area of plaques was significantly smaller in simvastatin treatment group and combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment group than in model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Combined simvastatin and ezetimibe inhibits atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice more significantly than simvastatin alone.
simvastatin; ezetimibe; atherosclerosis; ApoE knockout mice
R 543
A
2095-5227(2014)04-0353-04
10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.04.016
時(shí)間:2014-03-10 17:37
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/doi/10.3969/j.issn.2095-5227.2014.04.015.html
2013-11-01
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81073093)
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81073093)
李建華,男,在讀碩士。研究方向:動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化基礎(chǔ)與臨床。Email: lijianhua301@126.com
晏沐陽(yáng),男,主任醫(yī)師。Email: yanmy301@sina.com;周喆,男,副研究員。Email: zhouzhe76@163.com