王艷麗,彭齊鳴,祝新友,程細(xì)音,李順庭
(1. 中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京),北京 100083;2. 北京礦產(chǎn)地質(zhì)研究院,北京 100012;3. 中國國土資源部,北京 100812;4. 中色地科礦產(chǎn)勘查股份有限公司,北京 100012)
湖南界牌嶺錫多金屬礦地球化學(xué)、年代學(xué)特征及成礦區(qū)帶歸屬
王艷麗1,2,彭齊鳴3,祝新友2,4,程細(xì)音4,李順庭2
(1. 中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京),北京 100083;2. 北京礦產(chǎn)地質(zhì)研究院,北京 100012;3. 中國國土資源部,北京 100812;4. 中色地科礦產(chǎn)勘查股份有限公司,北京 100012)
湖南界牌嶺錫多金屬礦位于南嶺中部,主要礦化為大規(guī)模緩傾斜順層分布的含礦云母黃玉蝕變巖和云母螢石蝕變巖型錫礦、鈹?shù)V以及螢石礦化。成礦地質(zhì)體為堿長花崗斑巖,具有高硅、低鈣、過鋁特征,鈉長石An值平均為0.11;∑REE平均值高達(dá)698.19×10-6,稀土元素配分曲線呈Eu輕度虧損的右傾型,同時(shí)富含成礦元素及揮發(fā)性元素,其中含F(xiàn)可達(dá)0.12%。鋯石的SHRIMP U-Pb年齡為92±1Ma(MSWD=1.5)。綜合對(duì)比南嶺成礦帶、右江成礦帶主要礦床與界牌嶺錫多金屬礦床的地質(zhì)地球化學(xué)特征,認(rèn)為界牌嶺的成礦地質(zhì)體和成礦地質(zhì)特征明顯不同于南嶺燕山早期相關(guān)的鎢礦床,而與右江成礦帶燕山晚期錫多金屬成礦作用更為密切,是右江燕山晚期錫多金屬成礦帶的東延。
地球化學(xué) SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡 花崗斑巖 成礦區(qū)帶歸屬 界牌嶺
Wang Yan-li, Peng Qi-ming, Zhu Xin-you, Cheng Xi-yin, Li Shun-ting. Geochemical and chronological characteristics of the granite porphyry in the Jiepailing tin-polymetallic deposit,Hunan Province and mineralization belt division,[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2014, 50(3):0475-0485.
湘南地區(qū)是我國重要的錫鎢多金屬礦產(chǎn)基地,區(qū)內(nèi)分布有瑤崗仙、白云仙、香花嶺、新田嶺、柿竹園、黃沙坪等大型、超大型錫鎢多金屬礦床,這些礦床與燕山早期花崗巖關(guān)系密切,成巖成礦年齡集中在150~160Ma,形成于南嶺鎢錫礦爆發(fā)期(毛景文等,2007;陳富文等,2005;華仁民等,2005)。
界牌嶺錫多金屬礦位于湖南省宜章縣東30km,北距瑤崗仙鎢礦10km,地理坐標(biāo)為:東經(jīng)113°16′32″~113°17′23″,北緯25°32′20″~25°33′09″。該礦床是一個(gè)大型礦床,錫、螢石及鈹資源儲(chǔ)量均達(dá)到大型規(guī)模。前人針對(duì)界牌嶺礦區(qū)花崗斑巖的形成年代陸續(xù)開展過一些工作:劉悟輝等(2006)采用銣-鍶法測定花崗斑巖同位素年齡值為87.9±2.5Ma;盧友月等(2013)通過對(duì)含礦花崗斑巖樣品中的鋯石進(jìn)行SHPIMP U-Pb 年代學(xué)研究,獲得206Pb/238U加權(quán)平均年齡為92.0 ±1.6 Ma(MSWD=1.05),顯示為晚白堊世侵位;毛景文等(2007)通過對(duì)界牌嶺錫多金屬礦錫礦石中的黑云母進(jìn)行40Ar/39Ar法測年,獲得錫礦成礦年齡為91.1±1.1Ma,顯示為燕山晚期構(gòu)造巖漿活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物,這是在湘南地區(qū)確定的首例燕山晚期錫礦成礦作用。這些研究表明界牌嶺礦區(qū)成巖-成礦作用發(fā)生在晚白堊紀(jì),同屬華南地區(qū)中生代第三成礦階段的主要峰期。
南嶺地區(qū)成礦大爆發(fā)時(shí)期為燕山早期,除本礦床外,白堊紀(jì)成巖-成礦事件在南嶺地區(qū)鮮有報(bào)道;在華南西部的右江成礦帶(滇東南-桂西北),花崗質(zhì)巖漿作用-成礦作用主要集中在80~100Ma(詳述見討論部分)。那么南嶺地區(qū)白堊紀(jì)成巖成礦地質(zhì)事件背后有何深層次地質(zhì)意義?界牌嶺錫多金屬礦成礦作用是否與右江地區(qū)成礦作用有關(guān)?在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,本文通過對(duì)南嶺成礦帶、右江成礦帶對(duì)比研究,結(jié)合界牌嶺花崗斑巖地質(zhì)地球化學(xué)特征,重點(diǎn)討論以上問題。
界牌嶺錫多金屬礦區(qū)出露地層為下石炭統(tǒng)石磴子組(C1s)中厚層狀灰?guī)r、生物碎屑灰?guī)r,測水組(C1c)粉砂巖、頁巖、炭質(zhì)板巖,梓門橋組(C1z)含燧石結(jié)核灰?guī)r、厚層狀白云巖等,以及上石炭統(tǒng)壺天群(C2ht)厚層狀白云巖夾白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r。地層總體上呈NNE向展布,以C1s厚層灰?guī)r為核,以C1c、C1z和C2sh為翼組成NNE向的寬緩背斜,其間并發(fā)育大量的NNE向縱向斷裂以及NWW向橫向斷裂。背斜軸向NE25°,向北傾伏,傾伏角5°~8°(圖1)。區(qū)內(nèi)巖漿巖主要為沿背斜軸侵入的花崗斑巖,在地表斷續(xù)出露,深部規(guī)模有所變大,連成一體呈NEE向,主要受縱向斷裂的控制,膨大部位受NNE與NWW向構(gòu)造交匯部位控制?,F(xiàn)已發(fā)現(xiàn)花崗斑巖體17處,出露總面積0.17km2,最大者位于礦區(qū)北部,面積0.12km2。伴隨花崗斑巖,常有隱爆角礫巖形成并出露地表,隱爆角礫巖與礦化無直接關(guān)系,但可作為一種找礦標(biāo)志(喻愛南,1992)。
圖1 界牌嶺錫多金屬礦區(qū)地質(zhì)簡圖Fig.1 Geological map of the Jiepailing Tin-polymetallicore-field 1-花崗斑巖;2-隱爆角礫巖;3-壺天群;4-梓門橋組;5-測水組;6-石凳子組;7-云母螢石蝕變巖;8-斷層;9-地層界線; 10-剖面;11-取樣位置1-granite porphyry;2-hydrothermal breccia;3-Hutian group;4-Zimenqiao Formation;5-Ceshui Formation;6-Shidengzi Formation;7-mica fluorite alteration rock;8-fault;9-stratigraphic boundary; 10-profile;11-sampling location
礦區(qū)礦化、蝕變與花崗斑巖關(guān)系密切(圖2)。主要存在兩種類型的礦體,即螢石(鈹)礦體和錫銅鉛鋅礦體。細(xì)脈狀鈹?shù)V化賦存在背斜軸部的石橙子組上段上部灰?guī)r中,近地表礦體風(fēng)化后呈褐黃色,由于鈣質(zhì)流失,鈹?shù)钠肺怀杀对龈?,其中最大的礦體(I號(hào)礦體)占礦區(qū)螢石儲(chǔ)量的95%以上,礦體長860m,延伸約160~350m,平均厚約48.8m,有用組分CaF2平均品位38.01%,伴生BeO平均品位為0.252%。錫銅鉛鋅礦體主要產(chǎn)于下部,分布于花崗斑巖脈的東側(cè),Sn平均品位0.83%,伴生銅平均品位0.594%。礦物組分復(fù)雜,主要金屬礦物有錫石、方鉛礦、閃鋅礦、黃鐵礦等,次為黃銅礦、黑鎢礦、毒砂、褐鐵礦、菱錳礦;非金屬礦物以螢石、黃玉、長石、石英為主,次為方解石、絹云母及粘土礦物等。
礦區(qū)內(nèi)大規(guī)模蝕變帶主要發(fā)育于花崗斑巖墻的東側(cè),西側(cè)規(guī)模明顯較小,礦化與蝕變關(guān)系密切,具有分帶特征:在垂直方向自上到下依次出現(xiàn)青磐巖化、螢石化和鉛-鋅-鈹?shù)V化、絹英巖化和錫-銅礦化、云英巖化和錫-鎢礦化。在水平方向上,自成礦母巖的內(nèi)部向外,依次出現(xiàn)鉀長石化、絹英巖化(螢石化)、青磐巖化。
3.1 礦物學(xué)特征及巖石定名
界牌嶺花崗斑巖主要呈斑狀結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造,斑晶含量約占35%~50%,主要為石英、鉀長石和斜長石(圖3a、b、c),粒度0.5~2mm;基質(zhì)細(xì)粒-微粒,主要包括石英、鉀長石、鈉長石,少量黑云母,其中長石大部分遭受絹云母化,白云母含量一般>3%(圖3d)。部分樣品絹云母化較強(qiáng),甚至全面交代基質(zhì)。
對(duì)花崗斑巖斑晶及基質(zhì)中的鈉長石進(jìn)行電子探針成分測定,其中斜長石An值范圍0.09~0.13,平均0.11,表明花崗斑巖中的鈉長石屬于非常純凈的鈉長石系列。依據(jù)鏡下實(shí)際礦物含量觀測結(jié)果及電子探針成分測定,界牌嶺花崗斑巖確切定名應(yīng)為堿長花崗斑巖。
圖2 界牌嶺錫多金屬礦130線剖面簡圖Fig.2 130 line sectional drawing in Jiepailing Tin-polymetallic ore-field 1-花崗斑巖;2-壺天群;3-梓門橋組;4-測水組;5-石凳子組;6-云母螢石蝕變巖;7-黃玉云母螢石蝕變巖; 8-錫礦體;9-銅礦體;10-鉛鋅礦體1-granite porphyry;2-Hutian group;3-Zimenqiao Formation;4-Ceshui Formation;5-Shidengzi Formation;6-mica fluorite alteration rock;7-topaz mica fluorite alteration rock;8-tin ore body;9-copper ore body;10-lead-zinc ore body
圖3 界牌嶺花崗斑巖巖相學(xué)特征Fig.3 Petrography characteristic of granite porphyry a-斑晶為石英和鉀長石,基質(zhì)微晶質(zhì),單偏光;b-斑晶為石英、鈉長石、鉀長石,基質(zhì)中-細(xì)粒;c-鈉長石斑晶雙晶紋明顯,表面有蝕變;d-基質(zhì)中-細(xì)粒,長石較干凈;Q-石英;Kfs-鉀長石;Ab-鈉長石;Bi-黑云母;Mus-白云母a-phenocrysts contain quartz and feldspar, microcrystalline matrix; b-phenocrysts contain quartz, feldspar and albite, medium-fine grained matrix;c-albite phenocrysts with distinct twin lamellae and weak alteration;d-medium-fine grained matrix, fresh feldspar;Q-quartz; Kfs-K-feldspar; Ab-albite; Bi-biotite; Mus-muscovite
3.2 地球化學(xué)特征
3.2.1 主量元素
界牌嶺花崗斑巖富含硅質(zhì),SiO2平均含量72.95%, K2O+Na2O平均值為7.37%,K2O/Na2O>1;Al2O3平均13.51%,巖體A/CNK>1,為Al過飽和系列;CaO含量低,平均0.36%;TiO2含量平均
0.26%。整體上屬于高硅、低鈣、過鋁質(zhì)花崗斑巖(表1)。
3.2.2 微量及稀土元素
界牌嶺花崗斑巖稀土元素配分曲線整體分布模式呈右傾(表2,圖4),∑REE值明顯偏高,平均值高達(dá)為698.19×10-6,LREE/HREE比值較大,平均為13.21,δEu負(fù)異常較為明顯,平均0.28。成礦元素W、Mo、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn含量較地殼豐度略有富集。同時(shí)Rb、U、Th、Nd、Sm等元素富集,貧中場強(qiáng)元素Sr、Ba(圖5);花崗斑巖中揮發(fā)性元素F含量可達(dá)0.12%,Rb/Sr比值平均為7.91,說明花崗斑巖分異程度高。
表1 界牌嶺花崗斑巖主量元素(%)及部分微量元素×10-6)含量Table1 Major(%) and some trace element(×10-6) contents of granite-porphyry
分析單位:核工業(yè)北京地質(zhì)研究院分析測試中心,2012。
表2 花崗斑巖稀土元素(×10-6)含量Table2 REE element(×10-6) contents of granite-porphyry
分析單位:核工業(yè)北京分析測試中心,2012。其中鹽田嶺數(shù)據(jù)引自劉慷懷等(1990);大廠數(shù)據(jù)引自高永文等(1988);老卡數(shù)據(jù)引自程彥博等(2008)。
圖4 界牌嶺花崗斑巖及區(qū)域相關(guān)成礦花崗巖REE配分模式圖(球粒隕石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值引自Boynton,1984)Fig.4 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the Jiepailing granite-porphyry and other ore-forming granite in relevant areas
圖5 界牌嶺花崗斑巖不相容元素蛛網(wǎng)圖(原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值引自Wood et al,1981)Fig.5 Primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams of trace elements of the granite-porphyry
4.1 樣品采集和分析方法
本次研究的樣品采自界牌嶺地表(N25°33′05.51″ E113°17′24.20″ H401m,采樣位置見圖1),由于長期暴露地表,樣品略有蝕變,巖石樣品重約 5 kg,通過人工破碎,重砂淘洗法分選出鋯石,在雙目鏡下挑純,最后選出晶形完好、透明度高、無裂紋和包體少的鋯石顆粒與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石樣品 TEM(417Ma)一起粘在環(huán)氧樹脂靶上,磨制樣品,使鋯石內(nèi)部暴露。對(duì)靶上待測樣品進(jìn)行透射光、反射光和陰極發(fā)光顯微照相分析,據(jù)此選定鋯石微區(qū)原位分析的靶位。陰極發(fā)光研究在中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院礦產(chǎn)資源研究所電子探針研究室完成,SHRIMP 鋯石 U-Pb 分析在北京離子探針中心的 SHRIMP Ⅱ上完成。分析原理及流程見相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn)(宋彪等,2002;Willians,1998)。年齡數(shù)據(jù)的處理根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室相關(guān)軟件完成,單個(gè)測定點(diǎn)的同位素比值誤差和年齡誤差分別為1σ相對(duì)誤差和1σ絕對(duì)誤差,206Pb/238U年齡加權(quán)平均值的誤差為95%置信度誤差。根據(jù)鋯石樣品的透射光、反射光和陰極發(fā)光圖像,離子探針測點(diǎn)選擇顆粒表面光潔、無裂痕的位置。
4.2 分析結(jié)果
樣品中鋯石的陰極發(fā)光圖像顯示,這些鋯石無論顆粒大小(100~350um),都具有典型的韻律環(huán)帶(圖6),選擇的數(shù)據(jù)均具有較低的普通鉛含量,U、Th變化較大,但Th/U比值均較低,平均0.81,具有典型巖漿巖鋯石的特征(Willianmsetal., 1987; Hancharetal., 1993; Rubatto,2002)。
圖6 界牌嶺花崗斑巖代表性鋯石CL圖像Fig.6 Cathodoluminescence images for representative zircons from granite porphyry in the Jiepailing deposit
花崗斑巖年齡變化范圍在83.0~95.5Ma。XYC69-3、XYC69-6、XYC69-7、XYC69-10的206Pb/238U表面年齡為83.0~88.7,較正常年齡較低,對(duì)應(yīng)圖像鋯石顏色較淺,鋯石U、Pb同位素可能存在同步丟失,其余8個(gè)測點(diǎn)年齡集中分布在89.5~95.5Ma,在年齡協(xié)和圖中(圖7),各數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)成群分布,獲得其206Pb/238U年齡的加權(quán)平均值為:92±1Ma(MSWD=1.5)。由于實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中儀器不穩(wěn)定,加之該地區(qū)樣品本身U、Pb含量較低,本次實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)存在微疵,但是以單個(gè)206Pb/238U年齡作為參考(表3),可以認(rèn)定界牌嶺花崗斑巖形成于晚白堊世。
5.1 成礦作用與花崗斑巖密切相關(guān),花崗斑巖為成 礦地質(zhì)體
界牌嶺礦區(qū)礦體都產(chǎn)于花崗斑巖巖體外接觸帶中,空間上與巖體關(guān)系密切。圍繞巖體產(chǎn)生的蝕變具有分帶性且與礦化關(guān)系密切。南嶺地區(qū)與錫鎢多金屬礦成礦有關(guān)的花崗巖普遍具有高硅、富堿、低鈣、過鋁的特征(朱金初,2008;陳俊,2008;王聯(lián)魁,1983),界牌嶺花崗斑巖具有類似特點(diǎn),同時(shí)它富含W、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn等成礦元素及F、Li等揮發(fā)組分,具備了成礦花崗巖的地球化學(xué)特征。界牌嶺花崗斑巖稀土元素配分曲線呈右傾,δEu虧損較為明顯,Rb/Sr比值較高,說明花崗斑巖屬于高分異花崗巖,有利于礦化富集。
表3 界牌嶺花崗斑巖鋯石 SHRIMP U-Pb年齡測定數(shù)據(jù)Table 3 SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircon from Jiepailing granite-porphyry
圖7 花崗斑巖鋯石U-Pb諧和圖解和加權(quán)平均年齡Fig.7 Concordia diagram and weighted mean age of zircon from granite porphyry
本文對(duì)界牌嶺斑晶及基質(zhì)中鈉長石進(jìn)行電子探針分析,An值平均為0.11,厘定其屬于堿長花崗斑巖。祝新友(2012)對(duì)南嶺多個(gè)鎢多金屬成礦花崗巖進(jìn)行成分測定,總結(jié)成礦花崗巖中的長石為堿性長石,其中大部分樣品的鈉長石An值<5,強(qiáng)調(diào)了與錫鎢多金屬礦有關(guān)的花崗巖屬于堿長花崗巖的特性。地質(zhì)研究工作發(fā)現(xiàn)大明山、大廠等成礦花崗巖也具有堿長花崗巖的性質(zhì)。界牌嶺與南嶺、右江等地區(qū)錫鎢多金屬礦的成礦花崗巖類似,具備堿長花崗巖性質(zhì)。
喻愛南(1992)對(duì)界牌嶺礦床開展同位素研究,分析得出金屬礦物硫同位素δ34S范圍為-0.1~7.5%,位于花崗斑巖范圍內(nèi);礦石中鉛同位素組成與花崗斑巖中的長石鉛非常一致;成礦流體δD、δ18O同位素(δD=-40%~-85%;δ18O=5.5%~9.5%)落入巖漿水范圍,說明成礦溶液來源于花崗斑巖巖漿。
同時(shí),本次測定界牌嶺花崗斑巖鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年齡為92±1Ma,該年齡與前人(劉悟輝等,2006;盧友月等,2013)所測數(shù)據(jù)一致,與毛景文等(2007)所測成礦年齡91.1±1.1Ma,具有較好的擬合性,說明成礦略晚于成巖發(fā)生。
以上地質(zhì)、地球化學(xué)、年代學(xué)特征顯示,界牌嶺花崗斑巖屬于成礦母巖。
5.2 界牌嶺花崗斑巖是右江燕山晚期成礦帶巖漿 活動(dòng)和成礦作用的東延
界牌嶺錫多金屬礦位于南嶺成礦帶內(nèi),但其礦化特征、成巖成礦年代卻與南嶺鎢錫多金屬礦差異較大,而與南嶺成礦帶西部的右江成礦帶有較大的相似(圖8、表4)。有關(guān)南嶺成礦帶的范圍一直有不同說法,傳統(tǒng)的南嶺成礦帶一般包括贛南、粵北、湘南、桂北等地,也有將西部的桂西北地區(qū)并入南嶺成礦帶,甚至有將滇東南錫多金屬礦也一同并入。本文中,采取狹義的定義,南嶺鎢錫成礦帶主要指發(fā)生于燕山早期的大規(guī)模成礦作用及其形成的礦床,即贛南、粵北、湘南等地,而將滇東南、桂西北、桂北-桂東等地的發(fā)生于燕山晚期的錫多金屬礦成礦作用及其礦床稱之為右江晚燕山期錫多金屬成礦帶。下面就界牌嶺與南嶺鎢錫多金屬成礦帶和右江錫多金屬成礦帶地質(zhì)、地球化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述。
南嶺地區(qū)廣泛分布大型-超大型鎢錫多金屬礦,如湘南瑤崗仙鎢礦、杮竹園鎢多金屬礦、黃沙坪鎢錫多金屬礦、贛南大吉山、淘錫坑、盤古山等,其成巖成礦年齡集中在燕山早期150~160Ma(毛景文,2007;華仁民,2005)。右江錫多金屬成礦帶(滇東南-桂西北)燕山期花崗質(zhì)巖漿作用-成礦作用主要集中在80~100Ma(表5),時(shí)限范圍很窄。界牌嶺錫多金屬礦雖然位于南嶺成礦帶,但其成巖成礦年齡為90Ma左右,明顯晚于周邊礦床,卻與右江成礦帶巖漿活動(dòng)時(shí)間相符。
在礦化特征上,南嶺地區(qū)燕山早期成礦以鎢為主,礦化類型主要為石英脈型及矽卡巖型;右江地區(qū)成礦以錫為主,如廣西大廠、云南個(gè)舊,礦化類型主要為矽卡巖型為主、少量熱液脈型。因?yàn)槟蠋X大脈型鎢礦與右江地區(qū)礦化無可比性,主要就矽卡巖型礦化進(jìn)行論述。南嶺地區(qū)矽卡巖型礦體主要產(chǎn)于巖體與地層接觸帶附近,如瑤崗仙、柿竹園、黃沙坪等;右江矽卡巖型礦化出露與巖體附近,并有大量礦化順層分布于遠(yuǎn)離巖體的外接觸帶(李華芹等,2008;毛景文等,2008),又稱“沿層交代型礦化”或“遠(yuǎn)端矽卡巖型礦化”。界牌嶺礦床以錫礦化為主,鈹?shù)V、螢石礦為次之,地質(zhì)資料中有提到深部有少量矽卡巖型礦化,但不成規(guī)模,熱液型礦化主要分布在花崗斑巖附近,呈條帶狀順層產(chǎn)出,其礦化特征與右江成礦帶礦床更為相似。
從成礦花崗巖地球化學(xué)特征說,如圖4所示,以瑤崗仙為代表的南嶺地區(qū)成礦花崗巖稀土元素配分曲線呈近水平的海鷗式“V”字形,四分組明顯,LREE/HREE比值小,一般<3.5,銪虧損明顯(一般δEu <0.2)。以個(gè)舊、大廠為代表的右江地區(qū)成礦花崗巖輕稀土相對(duì)富集,稀土配分曲線呈右傾的“V”字形,銪虧損較明顯(一般δEu=0.13~0.69)(毛景文,2008)。界牌嶺花崗斑巖的LREE/HREE=13.21,配分曲線呈右傾,δEu=0.28,其特征明顯不同于南嶺地區(qū)成礦地質(zhì)體,且與個(gè)舊、大廠成礦花崗巖具有相似的稀土配分模式。
表4 界牌嶺錫礦與南嶺成礦帶、右江成礦帶地質(zhì)地球化學(xué)特征對(duì)比Table 4 Geological and geochemical characteristics of Youjiang, Nanling metallogenic belt and Jiepailing deposit
表5 華南西部白堊紀(jì)成巖成礦年代Table 5 The Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization ages in southwestern China
圖8 右江錫多金屬-南嶺鎢多金屬成礦帶主要礦床時(shí)空分布圖Fig.8 Spatial-temporal distribution of deposits in Youjiang tin polymetallic and Nanling tungsten polymetallic metallogenic belt
此外,南嶺地區(qū)的大多數(shù)鎢礦,控礦構(gòu)造方向主要為NW、NWW向,如瑤崗仙、黃沙坪、瑤嶺-石人嶂等(陳依壤,1981;祝新友等,2010;李社宏等,2008),而界牌嶺主體構(gòu)造以北北東為主,與廣西珊瑚鎢礦、云南個(gè)舊主體控礦構(gòu)造方向北北東一致(宋慈安和李軍朝,1996;程彥博,2008),顯示出與右江成礦帶一致的構(gòu)造方向。
以上特征說明,界牌嶺錫多金屬礦雖然地處南嶺地區(qū),但其成巖成礦時(shí)代、侵入巖地質(zhì)地球化學(xué)特征、礦化特征均與南嶺燕山早期鎢錫多金屬礦成礦作用存在明顯差異,而與右江地區(qū)晚白堊紀(jì)錫鎢多金屬礦化作用更為相近。按照狹義南嶺成礦帶定義,即將南嶺成礦帶局限于早燕山期大規(guī)模成礦,那么界牌嶺錫多金屬礦屬于右江成礦帶一部分,是右江燕山晚期成礦帶巖漿活動(dòng)和成礦作用的東延。由此看來,右江地區(qū)晚白堊紀(jì)成礦活動(dòng)范圍更大,向東延展至湘南、贛南地區(qū)。此外,重視南嶺地區(qū)燕山晚期巖體的成礦評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)下一步找礦勘探工作也具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。
(1) 界牌嶺錫多金屬礦成礦地質(zhì)體為堿長花崗斑巖,具有高硅、低鈣、過鋁特征,鈉長石An值平均為0.11;∑REE平均值高達(dá)698.19×10-6,稀土元素配分曲線呈Eu輕度虧損的右傾型,同時(shí)富含成礦元素及揮發(fā)性元素,其中含F(xiàn) 0.12%?;◢彴邘r中鋯石的SHRIMP U-Pb年齡為92±1Ma(MSWD=1.5),主要與華南晚白堊世花崗巖巖漿-熱液活動(dòng)有關(guān)。
(2) 綜合對(duì)比南嶺成礦帶、右江成礦帶主要礦床與界牌嶺錫多金屬礦地質(zhì)地球化學(xué)特征,認(rèn)為界牌嶺的成礦地質(zhì)體及成礦地質(zhì)特征明顯不同于南嶺燕山早期相關(guān)的鎢礦床,而與右江成礦帶燕山晚期錫多金屬成礦作用更為密切,是右江燕山晚期錫多金屬成礦帶的東延。重視南嶺地區(qū)燕山晚期巖體的成礦評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)下一步找礦勘探工作也具有一定指導(dǎo)意義。
致謝 鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb年齡測試實(shí)驗(yàn)及數(shù)據(jù)處理、分析過程中得到楊之青、李寧老師的大力幫助,在此致以衷心感謝。同時(shí)感謝兩位評(píng)審專家提出的寶貴意見!
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Geochemical and Chronological Characteristics of the Granite Porphyry in the Jiepailing Tin-Polymetallic Deposit, Hunan Province and Mineralization Belt Division
WANG Yan-li1,2,PENG Qi-ming3, ZHU Xin-you2,4, CHENG Xi-yin4,Li Shun-ting2
(1. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083; 2. Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources,Beijing 100012; 3. Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100812;4. Sinotech Minerals Exploration Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012)
The Jiepailing tin polymetallic deposit is located in the middle of Nanling metallogenic belt. The main mineralization including mica topaz altered rock and mica fluorite alteration rock type tin polymetallic mineralization, which was characterized by large-scale, slowly inclined, and bedding distribution. The alkali granite porphyry was metallogenic geological body, and has the characteristics of high silicon, low calcium, over aluminum and its average value of albite is 0.11. They show ∑REE average content of granite porphyry up to 698.19×10-6, right-slope REE patterns, negative Eu anomalies , and enrichment in ore-forming and volatile elements (F up to 0.12%). SHRIMP zircon U-Pb method was used to determine age of granite porphyry, which is dated at 92±1Ma(MSWD=1.5). Geological and geochemical studies in Nanling metallogenic belt,Youjiang metallogenic belt and Jiepailing deposit have shown that the Jiepailing deposit is different from the Early Yanshanian Nanling mineralization, while more similar to Late Yanshanian Youjiang mineralization, and is the eastern extension of Late Yanshan granite magmatism and mineralization of Youjiang tin polymetallic mineralization belt .
geochemical, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating, granite porphyry,mineralization belt division, Jiepailing
2014-03-07;[修改日期]2014-05-04;[責(zé)任編輯]郝情情。
國家科技支撐課題“湖南錫田地區(qū)深部成礦巖體空間結(jié)構(gòu)與成礦預(yù)測” (批準(zhǔn)號(hào):2011BAB04B08 )和老礦山深部和外圍找礦項(xiàng)目“湖南省桂陽縣黃沙坪鉛鋅礦接替資源勘查” (批準(zhǔn)號(hào):資[2013]01-036-049)聯(lián)合資助。
王艷麗(1984年-),女,工程師,主要從事礦床學(xué)、礦床地球化學(xué)研究。E-mail:wangyanli448@163.com。
[通迅作者]祝新友(1965年-),男,教授級(jí)工程師,主要從事礦床勘查與研究。E-mail:zhuxinyou@gmail.com。
P618
A
0495-5331(2014)03-0475-11