□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

境內(nèi)外媒體密切關(guān)注李克強(qiáng)重慶之行看看亮出中央哪些底牌

□ 文/本刊記者 唐綱

4月28日，中共中央政治局常委、國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)親臨重慶考察調(diào)研，重提借長(zhǎng)江黃金水道來(lái)推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)，推動(dòng)涵蓋6億人口的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，推動(dòng)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)。

李克強(qiáng)的重慶之行引起了境內(nèi)外媒體的密切關(guān)注，各大媒體祭出“看家本領(lǐng)”挖掘信息，探訪總理的重慶行亮出了中央的哪些底牌。

香港鳳凰衛(wèi)視直接以題為《李克強(qiáng)重慶之行亮出中央哪些底牌》進(jìn)行報(bào)道。說(shuō)李克強(qiáng)“希望借由黃金水道的建設(shè)落實(shí)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)”。李克強(qiáng)總理的重慶考察實(shí)際上是揭開(kāi)了中央的底牌。這屆政府推進(jìn)的2.0版西部大開(kāi)發(fā)，是超越了我們的國(guó)境線之外的地方去了，比方說(shuō)新的絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶，這與以前的1.0版西部大開(kāi)發(fā)有所不同，格局更開(kāi)闊了。

堪比京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展

近期，習(xí)近平總書(shū)記、李克強(qiáng)總理在不同場(chǎng)合都強(qiáng)調(diào)打造長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的重要意義，用黃金水道串起長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶這條“珍珠鏈”，相關(guān)規(guī)劃有望進(jìn)入具體落實(shí)階段。分析人士稱(chēng)，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的投資機(jī)遇堪比京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展，近期有望獲得爆發(fā)式增長(zhǎng)。投資布局上，一方面可以參照京津冀一體化的思路，另一方面又要重視黃金水道的獨(dú)特之處，港口、基建和環(huán)保水務(wù)是三條投資主線。

區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)同發(fā)展中，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)一直是不容忽視的重點(diǎn)，這從京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展的熱點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)中便可見(jiàn)一斑。其中，要發(fā)揮中西部沿江省市水運(yùn)優(yōu)勢(shì)，需要公路、物流等基礎(chǔ)配套設(shè)施建設(shè)完成；同時(shí)，城市群聯(lián)動(dòng)帶來(lái)的人口流轉(zhuǎn)將呼應(yīng)城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)，刺激地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展。

三條高鐵有望成形

解決三峽大壩的航運(yùn)通暢是個(gè)日益緊迫的問(wèn)題。據(jù)有關(guān)部門(mén)預(yù)測(cè)，僅僅2015年重慶將產(chǎn)生1.8億噸水運(yùn)貨物量，但是目前三峽大壩的最大年貨運(yùn)量也只有1.5億噸。為解決日趨嚴(yán)峻的長(zhǎng)江航運(yùn)通道問(wèn)題，國(guó)家目前編制的長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶相關(guān)規(guī)劃，將從公路、水路、鐵路等多個(gè)方面重新規(guī)劃，建成貫通東西2000多公里的新的交通大通道。

同時(shí)，整個(gè)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶有望建成三條東西貫通的高鐵，而新的貨運(yùn)鐵路也在醞釀，成為三峽大壩的新通道。

以沿江重要港口為節(jié)點(diǎn)和樞紐，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)水運(yùn)、鐵路、公路、航空、油氣管網(wǎng)集疏運(yùn)體系建設(shè)，打造網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、智能化的綜合立體交通走廊，使長(zhǎng)江這一大動(dòng)脈更有力地輻射和帶動(dòng)廣闊腹地發(fā)展。

為適應(yīng)長(zhǎng)江綜合交通走廊的需要，整個(gè)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶有望建成三條東西貫通的高鐵。目前從上海到重慶有貫通的客運(yùn)專(zhuān)線鐵路，不過(guò)其中恩施利川到宜昌段達(dá)不到高鐵的要求，實(shí)際時(shí)速只有120公里。這部分存在改造提升的需要。另外一條是上海到昆明的高鐵，今年年底將通車(chē)。第三條尚在研究之中。

調(diào)研建三峽第二船閘

投建三峽大壩第二船閘，可能已成為打破長(zhǎng)江航運(yùn)瓶頸的首要工程。重慶市一位從事了30年長(zhǎng)江航運(yùn)的資深人士稱(chēng)，現(xiàn)在三峽大壩的擁堵已經(jīng)是常態(tài)化了，目前長(zhǎng)江上的船只，要想過(guò)三峽大壩，等一、兩天是正?，F(xiàn)象。如果遇到霧、風(fēng)，過(guò)三峽大壩的船只就會(huì)繼續(xù)堆積，通常就會(huì)在壩前等候3至5天。如果遇上船閘檢修，就可能等上7至10天甚至更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能翻過(guò)三峽大壩。上述人士說(shuō)，其所在企業(yè)的船舶去年過(guò)三峽大壩的平均等待時(shí)間，約達(dá)30多個(gè)小時(shí)。

2013年9月21日，李克強(qiáng)在國(guó)家發(fā)改委呈報(bào)件上批示：“沿海、沿江先行開(kāi)發(fā)，再向內(nèi)陸地區(qū)梯度推進(jìn)，這是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要規(guī)律。請(qǐng)有關(guān)方面抓緊落實(shí)，深入調(diào)研形成指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，依托長(zhǎng)江這條橫貫東西的黃金水道，帶動(dòng)中上游腹地發(fā)展，促進(jìn)中西部地區(qū)有序承接沿海產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移，打造中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)新的支撐帶?！?/p>

此后，國(guó)家發(fā)改委和交通運(yùn)輸部等相關(guān)部委、沿江省市開(kāi)始研究打造長(zhǎng)江黃金水道的政策措施。

“去年僅國(guó)家發(fā)改委幾次前往調(diào)研有關(guān)修建三峽第二船閘的事宜，”在國(guó)內(nèi)某大型內(nèi)河航運(yùn)企業(yè)擔(dān)任重要職務(wù)的人士說(shuō)，此后國(guó)家發(fā)改委把有關(guān)調(diào)研結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)給了國(guó)務(wù)院三峽工程建設(shè)委員會(huì)，由其提出具體的三峽第二船閘修建方案。目前國(guó)家已經(jīng)開(kāi)始研究新的大壩通道。

囊括中國(guó)一半國(guó)家級(jí)新區(qū)

連接?xùn)|中西部的紐帶，上升為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶將成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新引擎。

不過(guò)，從經(jīng)濟(jì)增速上看，西部地區(qū)在領(lǐng)跑。去年貴州、重慶和云南的GDP增速均超過(guò)12%，位居全國(guó)前三。而湖北、湖南、安徽和江西增速超過(guò)10%；蘇浙滬增速明顯低于長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶其他省份。

經(jīng)過(guò)梳理發(fā)現(xiàn)，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶范圍內(nèi)由國(guó)務(wù)院批復(fù)的區(qū)域規(guī)劃就有長(zhǎng)三角、成渝經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、鄱陽(yáng)湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、皖江城市帶、江蘇沿海地區(qū)等，還有浦東綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)、成都和重慶的統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)、武漢和長(zhǎng)株潭的“兩型”（全國(guó)資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型）社會(huì)建設(shè)綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)。

不僅如此，國(guó)家級(jí)新區(qū)大多布局在長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶范圍內(nèi)。比如上海浦東新區(qū)、重慶兩江新區(qū)、浙江舟山新區(qū)和貴州貴安新區(qū)（鳳凰財(cái)經(jīng)注：中國(guó)目前有八個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)新區(qū)，另四個(gè)分別是天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)、甘肅蘭州新區(qū)、陜西西咸新區(qū)、廣東南沙新區(qū)）。另外，國(guó)務(wù)院專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)重慶、云南和貴州出臺(tái)過(guò)支持文件，賦予重要的戰(zhàn)略定位，比如云南的橋頭堡戰(zhàn)略。

現(xiàn)在，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶所要發(fā)揮的就是“串聯(lián)效應(yīng)”。在國(guó)家城鎮(zhèn)化戰(zhàn)略布局的“兩橫三縱”格局中，沿長(zhǎng)江的一橫相比其他軸線更具有天然的優(yōu)勢(shì)——長(zhǎng)江黃金水道的存在，而在此基礎(chǔ)上形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系更加密切。

● 資料來(lái)源：鳳凰衛(wèi)視、第一財(cái)經(jīng)日?qǐng)?bào)、21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道、中證網(wǎng)

Media home and abroad keep a close eye on Premier Li Keqiang’s trip to Chongqing Final Offers of Central Government

On April 28, Li Keqiang, standing member of CPC Central Poliburo and Premier of State Council visited Chongqing for inspections and surveys. He mentioned to utilize Yangtze golden watercourse to promote construction of Yangtze River economic belt, drive economic growth in a region covering 600 million people and push forward West Development.

Li’s trip to Chongqing triggered close scrutiny of media home and abroad. They invariably try hard to dig information about central policies given to Chongqing.

Hong Kong Phoenix TV covered the event named Final Central Offers Come Along with Li Keqiang’s Visit to Chongqing and says that Li “hopes to underpin West Development with the golden watercourse.” The trip, in fact, has revealed the final offer from Central Government. The 2.0 version of West Development pushed forward by this administration has surpassed our country borders, such as the new Silk Road economic belt, which is diversely different from the previous 1.0 version with its wider prospect.

Comparable to Synergic Development of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi

Recently, President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang both emphasized the significance of building the Yangtze River economic belt on different occasions. Tying the “pearls”together on Yangtze River with the golden watercourse will put relevant plans into practice. Analysts said that the investment opportunities along the Yangtze River economic belt are comparable to synergic development in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi and might gain explosive growth. In terms of investment configuration, on one hand it can refer to integrated path of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi and on the other hand, give prominence to distinctive features of the golden watercourse, esp. three investment lines of ports, infrastructure as well as environment and water affairs.

In the synergic development course of regional economy, infrastructure is a highlight which can never be overlooked. Its importance is shown by heated opportunities in the synergic development of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanxi. In order to leverage water transportation advantages of middle and western riverside provinces, the infrastructure construction of road and logistics must be completed. Meanwhile, the population fl ow brought by city clusters will correspond to urbanization drive and stimulate real estate development.

Three High-speed Railways might Take Shape

Realizing shipping smoothness in Three Gorges Dam is an increasingly pressing issue. It is forecasted by relevant departments that in 2015 alone, Chongqing will generate 180 million tons of water freight volume, yet now the maximum annual throughput of the Three Gorges is only 150 million tons. To address the aggravating shipping problems on Yangtze River, the country is drafting relevant plans of Yangtze River economic belt from road, water and railway aspects in order to build a new transportation channel spanning 2000 kilometers from east to west.

Meanwhile, the overall Yangtze economic belt strives to build three high-speed railways from east to west, and the new freight railway is in the pipeline and will become a new channel to the Three Gorges Dam.

Taking key riverside ports as nodes and hubs, the city will ramp up construction of waterway, railway, road, air, oil and gas pipeline as well as collecting and dispatching systems, forge a comprehensive three-dimensional transportation corridor in a connected, standardized and smart fashion and enable the artery of Yangtze River of radiating and driving the vast hinterland development even more forcefully.

To adapt to the needs of Yangtze comprehensive transportation corridor, the overall Yangtze River economic belt tends to build three east-to-west high-speed railways. Nowthere is a specifi c railway from Shanghai to Chongqing, but its Enshi Lichuan to Yichang Section failed to meet the high-speed requirement with its mere speed of 120 kilometers per hour. This section therefore needs to be improved. Another one is the highspeed railway from Shanghai to Kunming which will be put through at the end of this year. The third is still being studied.

Survey the Possibilities to Build the 2nd Navigation Lock on Three Gorges Dam

Building the second navigation lock on Three Gorges Dam might have become a priority of breaking bottlenecks on Yangtze River. A senior practitioner in Chongqing with 30 years’ of experience in Yangtze River shipping said that now the congestion in the dam is quite normal. Now ships in Yangtze River must wait for one or two days to pass the dam. In case of fog or wind, the ships will accumulate and wait for three to fi ve days. If there is any navigation lock overhaul, it might take seven to ten days to get through. The average waiting time of ships of his enterprises last year amounted to over 30 hours.

On September 21, 2013, Premier Li commented on a submitted report of NDRC, “it is an important rule of regional economic development to prioritize riverside and coastal areas and then gradually move to inland areas. Relevant parties shall expedite this drive, formulate guidelines by in-depth surveys and rely on the golden watercourse of Yangtze River to activate middle and upper reaches of the hinterland, promote Middle and West China to orderly undertake coastal industrial transfer and build a new economic bolstering belt in China.”

After that, NDRC, Ministry of Transport and riverside provinces and cities began to study policies and measures to build the golden watercourse of Yangtze River.

“Last year, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) alone came for several times to perform surveys on building the 2nd navigation lock on Three Gorges Dam”, said a person who serves a crucial position in a large river shipping company. After that, NDRC transferred the survey results to State Council Three Gorges Engineering Construction Commission, which is in charge of specific plans to build the second navigation lock on the dam. Now the country has begun to study the new dam channel.

Spanning half of National-level New Areas in China

Connecting east, middle and west parts of China, the Yangtze River economic belt rises to a national strategy and becomes a new engine of the country’s economic growth.

Judging from economic growth speed, however, the West is leading the rest part of the country. Last year, the GDP growth rate of Guizhou, Chongqing and Yunnan all exceeded 12%, ranking top three in the nation. The GDP growth rates of Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi surpassed 10%, while those of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai were much lower than other provinces along the Yangtze River economic belt.

It is found that among approved zones by State Council, Yangtze River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, Boyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, Wanjiang River city belt and coastal Jiangsu areas are all located in the scope of Yangtze River economic belt, so are Pudong Comprehensive Reform Pilot Zone, Chengdu and Chongqing Coordinated Urban and Rural Comprehensive Reform Pilot Zones as well as Wuhan and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan’s national-level resourcesaving and environment-friendly comprehensive reform pilot zones of social construction.

National-level new areas are, moreover, mostly situated inside of the Yangtze River economic belt, such as Shanghai Pudong New Area, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Zhejiang Zhoushan New Area and Guizhou Gui’an New Area (Ifeng Finance: there are eight national-level new areas in China, the other four are Tianjin Binhai New Area, Gansu Lanzhou New Area, Shaanxi Xixian New Area and Guangdong Nansha New Area). In addition, the State Council issued supporting documents exclusively to Chongqing, Yunan and Guizhou to endow them with crucial strategic positioning, e.g. the Bridgehead Strategy to Yunan.

Now, the Yangtze River economic belt needs to play out the “cascading effect.” In the strategic national “two horizontal and three vertical” urbanization layout, the Yangtze riverside belt is more advantageous than other axes: economic ties are tighter in areas connected by the golden watercourse of Yangtze River.

● (Source: Phoenix TV, First Financial Daily, 21st Century Business Herald and China Securities Journal)