□ 文/本刊記者 唐松

黃奇帆對(duì)大通關(guān)的“大設(shè)想”全國保稅區(qū)連成片

□ 文/本刊記者 唐松

5月15至18日，第十七屆渝洽會(huì)舉行。重慶市市長黃奇帆在論壇會(huì)上作了重要發(fā)言。他說，大通關(guān)就是整個(gè)國家的海關(guān)一體化運(yùn)作，沿海海關(guān)和內(nèi)陸海關(guān)能夠“關(guān)檢互認(rèn)”。重慶這幾年已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)跟上海、深圳、新疆一些重要的出關(guān)口一體化。“未來，希望首先在西南片區(qū)的保稅區(qū)實(shí)行一體化，然后全國的保稅區(qū)也可連成片，實(shí)行關(guān)檢一體化?！秉S奇帆說。

重慶大通關(guān)成效卓越

大通關(guān)不僅是在陸地上。繼渝新歐鐵路“一次關(guān)檢，全程通行”破題之后，重慶與上海、廣東、深圳、廣西、云南和新疆6大主要進(jìn)出口通道檢驗(yàn)檢疫局簽署合作協(xié)議，進(jìn)行大通關(guān)合作，對(duì)高誠信企業(yè)、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貨物全面實(shí)施“產(chǎn)地檢驗(yàn)、口岸出單；口岸轉(zhuǎn)檢、屬地報(bào)檢”的直通模式。如今，我市海關(guān)已和沿海30多個(gè)口岸海關(guān)簽訂了合作協(xié)議，重慶出發(fā)的貨物通過水運(yùn)出海，同樣實(shí)現(xiàn)了一次申報(bào)、一次查驗(yàn)、一次放行。

黃奇帆表示，大通關(guān)是大開放的前提。在四、五年前，通過重慶港口的進(jìn)出口運(yùn)輸量，只有5%是外省市的，到了去年，集裝箱進(jìn)出口貨物中，45%是四川、貴州、陜西等兄弟省的轉(zhuǎn)口貨物，預(yù)計(jì)到2015年，轉(zhuǎn)口貨物會(huì)到60%，這是口岸的重要標(biāo)志之一。近年來，重慶引進(jìn)外資從每年幾億美元到連續(xù)每年100億美元以上，預(yù)計(jì)今年也能繼續(xù)保持100多億。大通關(guān)對(duì)此功不可沒。

將全國保稅區(qū)連成片

口岸是國家的門戶，口岸功能的強(qiáng)弱和運(yùn)行效率的高低，對(duì)一個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及社會(huì)繁榮至關(guān)重要。特別是隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化和貿(mào)易自由化進(jìn)程的加速發(fā)展，口岸管理體制是否順暢、通關(guān)活動(dòng)是否高效，越來越成為衡量一個(gè)企業(yè)、一個(gè)地區(qū)乃至一個(gè)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和競爭能力的重要指標(biāo)，對(duì)國際資本的流入和我國外經(jīng)貿(mào)乃至整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

海關(guān)總署新聞發(fā)言人張廣志指出，支持長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)，海關(guān)將進(jìn)一步完善長江流域大通關(guān)體制，推動(dòng)長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶11省市海關(guān)更大范圍、更多領(lǐng)域的區(qū)域通關(guān)改革，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)沿長江不同關(guān)區(qū)之間一體化作業(yè)。

保稅區(qū)是在國境之內(nèi)、關(guān)境之外。這是一國海關(guān)設(shè)置的或經(jīng)海關(guān)批準(zhǔn)注冊、受海關(guān)監(jiān)督和管理的可以較長時(shí)間存儲(chǔ)商品的區(qū)域。保稅區(qū)能便利轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易，增加有關(guān)費(fèi)用的收入。運(yùn)入保稅區(qū)的貨物可以進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)存、改裝、分類、混合、展覽，以及加工制造，但必須處于海關(guān)監(jiān)管范圍內(nèi)。外國商品存入保稅區(qū)，不必繳納進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，尚可自由出口，只需交納存儲(chǔ)費(fèi)和少量費(fèi)用。

黃奇帆說，重慶下一步還要跟西南各省之間的海關(guān)互通，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)陸兄弟省市只要有一個(gè)關(guān)檢，大家互相共享信息互認(rèn)，首先在西南地區(qū)爭取形成貿(mào)易流通一體化，城市交通一體化，金融融通一體化，產(chǎn)業(yè)集群配套一體化，城市群功能互動(dòng)一體化等。重慶可在實(shí)現(xiàn)保稅區(qū)之間的通關(guān)一體化上做足文章。

目前，西南片區(qū)除了重慶寸灘空港保稅區(qū)、西永綜合保稅區(qū)外，還有成都高新綜合保稅區(qū)、新疆阿拉山口綜合保稅區(qū)、寧夏銀川綜合保稅區(qū)以及西安高新綜合保稅區(qū)、貴陽綜合保稅區(qū)、云南紅河綜合保稅區(qū)、蘭州新區(qū)綜合保稅等10余個(gè)保稅區(qū)。這些保稅區(qū)都在“國境之內(nèi)、關(guān)境之外”，貨物、服務(wù)互通起來不僅方便，而且節(jié)省費(fèi)用、時(shí)間。西南片區(qū)保稅區(qū)連成片后，市場將放大若干倍。

現(xiàn)在，全國也已有二十來個(gè)保稅區(qū)，如果再實(shí)現(xiàn)全國保稅區(qū)之間的通關(guān)一體化，對(duì)各地開放發(fā)展將是有力的促進(jìn)。

Great customs clearance as envisioned by Huang Qifan Connecting all of China's Bonded Zones

The 17th China Chongqing International Investment and Global Sourcing Fair was held on May 15 to 18. Chongqing Mayor Huang Qifan delivered a speech at the fair. According to his explanation, great customs clearance means customs offices across the country work in an integrated system where coastal customs offices and inland customs offices recognize each other's inspection results. In recent years, Chongqing has achieved that with a number of key customs passes, including Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Xinjiang." In future, we hope to realize great customs clearance in bonded zones in Southwest China and then go on to connect all bonded zones in China to implement great customs clearance for key industries." Huang Qifan said.

Remarkable achievements Chongqing has made in great customs clearance

Great customs clearance is not restricted to land transport. Since Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway accomplished "only one inspection for the whole trip", Chongqing has signed cooperation agreements with the inspection and quarantine bureaus of six major customs ports to implement great customs clearance: Shanghai, Guangdong,Shenzhen, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Xinjiang. For highly trustworthy enterprises and low-risk cargo, a direct pass-through model is used: inspection in the place of origin and paperwork issued by the customs port; the customs port transferring cargo for inspection, and the local place submitting cargo for inspection. Now, Chongqing has signed cooperation agreements with over 30 customs offi ces in coastal regions. Cargo departing from Chongqing by water can be cleared after being declared and inspected only once.

Huang Qifan said great customs clearance is a precondition for opening up on a large scale. Four or fi ve years ago, only 5% of cargo exported and imported via the Chongqing port was for other provinces and cities. Last year, 45% of cargo exported and imported in containers via the Chongqing port was entrepot cargo for Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi etc. This percentage, which is an important indicator for a port, is projected to hit 60% by 2015. In recent years, the annual amount of foreign investment has gone from hundreds of millions of US dollars to over 10 billion. This high level has been maintained for years in a row, including this year as estimated. Great customs clearance has played an indispensable role in this regard.

Connecting bonded zones

Ports are the country's gateways. Their functions and efficiency mean a lot to economic development and social prosperity. As economic globalization and trade liberalization pick up speed, whether the port management system is effi cient and whether customs clearance is smooth are becoming ever more of indicators for measuring the economic competence and competitiveness of enterprises, regions, and countries. These indicators have a far-reaching infl uence on the infl ow of foreign capital, the country's foreign trade, and the development of the entire national economy.

Zhang Guangzhi, spokesperson for the General Administration of Customs, pointed out that the customs will further improve the great customs clearance mechanism for the Yangtze River basin to support the construction of the Yangtze River economic belt, pushing for extensive customs reforms that cover more areas of the 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River economic belt. The aim is to achieve integrated operation among different clearance zones along the Yangtze River.

Bonded zones are within the country's borders but outside the customs frontiers. These zones are set up by the customs or registered with the customs and run under the oversight of the customs. Goods can be stored for a long time in bonded zones, which facilitate entrepot trade and increase income. Goods that have been transported into a bonded zone can be stored, modified, classified, mixed, exhibited, and processed under the oversight of the customs. Foreign goods are not subject to import tariffs when they enter a bonded zone. They can later be exported freely. Only storage fees and some other low fees apply.

According to Huang Qifan, Chongqing will move on to achieve great customs clearance with provinces in Southwest China. Once cargo passes inspection by any of the inland provinces or cities, the result is shared and recognized in the entire region. Efforts will be made to achieve integration in Southwest China in trade, urban transport, finance, industrial cluster facilities, and metropolitan area functions. Chongqing has a lot to do in great customs clearance for bonded zones.

Except for Chongqing's Cuntan Airport Bonded Zone, Southwest China also has over 10 other bonded zones, including Chengdu's High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Xinjiang's Alashankou Bonded Zone and Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Ningxia's Yinchuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Xi'an's Hightech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Guiyang's Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Yunnan's Honghe Comprehensive Bonded Zone, and Lanzhou's New Area Comprehensive Bonded Zone. All of them are within the country's borders but outside the customs frontiers, facilitating exchange of cargo and services by cutting costs and saving time. When the bonded zones in Southwest China are connected as a whole, the market will increase multifold.

China now has over 20 bonded zones. If great customs clearance can be achieved among them all, it will be a strong driving force for the development and opening-up of all regions involved