鄒振興等
摘要[目的] 探究奶水牛子宮脫垂的病因。[方法] 選取53頭奶水牛進行產(chǎn)前血漿鈣、磷、丙二醛(MDA)和總抗(TAC)水平檢測,根據(jù)分娩后是否發(fā)生子宮脫垂分為子宮脫垂組(M)和健康對照組(UM),并分析血漿中鈣、磷及氧化/抗氧化水平與奶水牛子宮脫垂發(fā)生的關系。[結果] M組奶水牛產(chǎn)前1周和分娩當天的血漿鈣、磷含量和氧化/抗氧化水平顯著低于UM組。M組奶水牛TAC水平從產(chǎn)前3周到分娩當天均顯著低于UM組,而MDA水平顯著高于UM組。[結論] 奶水牛產(chǎn)后子宮脫垂的發(fā)生與產(chǎn)前體內(nèi)鈣、磷水平不足和總抗氧化能力下降、過氧化產(chǎn)物積聚有關。
關鍵詞奶水牛;子宮脫垂;鈣;磷;抗氧化
中圖分類號S823.8+3文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2014)06-01702-02
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to study the metroptosis etology of dairy buffalo. [Method] 53 dairy buffaloes were selected to detect the serum calcium, phosphorus, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. Dairy buffaloes were divided into metroptosis group (M) and healthy control group (UM) according to the metroptosis situations of buffalo. The correlation between the content of calcium and phosphorus, oxidation/antioxidation level in plasma and the occurrence of metroptosis of buffalo was analyzed. [Result] The contents of calcium, phosphorus and oxidation/antioxidation level of dairy buffalo at the prenatal week and the delivering day in M group were significantly lower than that in UM group. TAC level of dairy buffalo in M group from the first three weeks to the delivering day was significantly lower than that in UM group. MDA level in M group was significantly higher than that in UM group. [Conclusion] The occurrence of postpartum metroptosis in buffalo was related with insufficient levels of calcium and phosphorus in prepartum buffalo, declined total antioxidant capacity and the accumulation of peroxide product.
Key wordsDairy buffalo; Uterine prolapse; Calcium; Phosphorus; Antioxidant
子宮脫垂(Metroptosis)在奶水牛中是一種較為常見的產(chǎn)科疾病,其臨床癥狀為子宮角、子宮體和子宮頸甚至部分陰道翻轉(zhuǎn)脫出于陰門之外,稱為子宮脫垂。Samad等調(diào)查表明巴基斯坦奶水牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中生殖器脫垂占產(chǎn)科疾病的42.9%,其中生殖器脫垂疾病中子宮脫垂、產(chǎn)前陰道脫出和產(chǎn)后陰道脫出分別占11%、67.3%和21.7%[1]。在印度的奶水牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)中陰道脫出和子宮脫垂在奶水牛分娩時同時發(fā)生的概率為13.4%[2]。在我國規(guī)?;弋a(chǎn)奶水牛養(yǎng)殖中,奶水牛子宮脫垂的發(fā)病率一般為5%~10%,在廣西個別牛場發(fā)病率高達13.74%,尤其是在炎熱的夏季發(fā)病率甚至高達30%以上,且其發(fā)病率有逐年上升的趨勢[3-4],已成為影響我國部分奶水牛養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的突出問題。
奶水牛子宮脫垂的發(fā)病原因至今尚未完全確定,不少報道認為該疾病的病因復雜且歸因于多個方面,國外學者認為它主要包括營養(yǎng)因素、激素因素[5]、季節(jié)因素[6]、管理因素[7]、遺傳因素[8]和礦物元素以及微量元素等[9]方面,而國內(nèi)對其病因?qū)W研究相對較少。筆者對奶水牛血漿中鈣、磷、氧化與抗氧化指標進行產(chǎn)前動態(tài)監(jiān)測,以期為探究它們與奶水牛發(fā)生子宮脫垂的關系提供科學依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗動物
隨機選取廣西某規(guī)?;趟?~6胎、體重相近、體況良好的健康懷孕后期奶水牛53頭,其中尼里拉菲23頭、摩拉21頭以及雜交牛9頭。根據(jù)產(chǎn)后是否發(fā)生子宮脫垂,1.2血樣采集
對所有試驗奶水牛從產(chǎn)前6周開始采集血樣,每周采集1次,直至分娩當天,共7個時間點,即產(chǎn)前6周、產(chǎn)前5周、產(chǎn)前4周、產(chǎn)前3周、產(chǎn)前2周、產(chǎn)前1周和產(chǎn)犢當天,清晨空腹進行頸靜脈采血,產(chǎn)犢當天在奶水牛分娩后8 h內(nèi)采集血樣,將血樣置于肝素鈉抗凝的離心管中,現(xiàn)場迅速離心分離出血漿,置于低溫冰盒內(nèi)及時送至實驗室檢測。
3討論
關于奶水牛子宮脫垂發(fā)生的病因研究報道非常有限。筆者通過臨床與實驗室檢測分析初步確定血漿鈣、磷含量、氧化/抗氧化水平與奶水牛子宮脫垂的發(fā)生有一定關系,為今后深入研究和臨床預防提供了科學依據(jù)。
該試驗表明子宮脫垂組奶水牛產(chǎn)前和分娩當天血漿鈣、磷含量顯著降低,與M.S.Akhtar[10]等和 Ahmed [11]等報道的生殖器官脫出奶水牛血漿鈣、磷水平降低的結果相一致,但國外報道中未對被檢奶水牛進行產(chǎn)前連續(xù)采血。筆者首次對子宮脫垂奶水牛進行了鈣和磷水平的連續(xù)監(jiān)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)分娩當天的血鈣含量[(2.08±0.08) mmol/L]和血磷的含量[(1.30±0.15)mmol/L]與Pandit R.K.[12]等報道的印度產(chǎn)后子宮脫垂奶水牛血鈣的含量[(1.81±0.05)mmol/L]和血磷的含量[(1.22±0.03)mmol/L]相比,該試驗中血鈣含量相對略高,這可能與地域因素有關。血鈣對于維持神經(jīng)肌肉的興奮性、細胞膜的通透性、肌肉的收縮以及神經(jīng)沖動的傳導具有重要作用,血鈣的降低將導致陰道和子宮支持肌肉的緊張性降低,致使子宮脫垂的發(fā)生[13]。Jacono和Robertson[14]報道血漿鈣、磷含量與體內(nèi)雌激素含量呈顯著的負相關關系,產(chǎn)前奶水牛體內(nèi)雌激素含量的不斷升高將導致骨盆支持結構的松弛,同時也加重了血漿中鈣、磷的水平的降低,從而導致子宮脫垂的發(fā)生。
關于奶水牛子宮脫垂與機體抗氧化能力的關系的研究國內(nèi)尚未見報道。該試驗結果表明與UM組相比,M組奶水牛產(chǎn)前機體抗氧化水平顯著降低,而氧化產(chǎn)物顯著升高。在發(fā)病奶水牛中,氧化/抗氧化水平與疾病嚴重程度有關,子宮脫垂最嚴重的1頭牛產(chǎn)前1周和分娩當天血漿中TAC值在試驗牛中最低、MDA值在試驗牛中最高。該研究中氧化/抗氧化水平檢測結果與Kas H[15]等研究報道的女性因氧化應激和抗氧化水平降低導致生殖器官脫出的結果相一致,產(chǎn)前機體抗氧化水平的降低將導致氧化應激的產(chǎn)生,體內(nèi)自由基含量增高,對機體的脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)和DNA造成破壞,引起分娩時各種疾病的發(fā)生。Eun Jae Kim[16]等通過對骨盆器官脫垂女性的子宮骶骨韌帶進行氧化應激的生物標記,采用免疫組化對線粒體的凋亡進行觀察,結果表明氧化應激和線粒體的凋亡將導致骨盆器官脫垂的發(fā)生。
從發(fā)病情況來看,試驗奶水牛的子宮脫垂發(fā)病率為13.2%,各品種間發(fā)病率相似,且試驗組牛都在分娩后6 h內(nèi)發(fā)生子宮脫垂,發(fā)病時間很快,需要及時進行處理。
該研究表明子宮脫垂組奶水牛產(chǎn)前血漿中鈣、磷和TAC含量顯著低于對照組,而MDA含量顯著高于對照組,說明奶水牛產(chǎn)前血漿中鈣、磷和TAC水平的降低以及MDA含量的升高與子宮脫垂的發(fā)生顯著相關,為臨床上奶水牛子宮脫垂的監(jiān)控和預防提供了理論基礎和科學依據(jù)。
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