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Unit 4 What would you do ?課外拓展

2014-04-29 00:44:03劉素庚
初中生學(xué)習(xí)·低 2014年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:咨詢室心理咨詢中學(xué)生

劉素庚

鏈接一:英語對(duì)話和作文

A=Susan B= Susans mother

A: How bitter life! The teacher said I told a lie. Just because I told her that I forgot my homework. She shouted at me. She was so angry! She said she wanted to write a note to you.

B: Yes, indeed.

A: In front of the class to be called a liar (說謊的人)must make me shameful.

B: Really very shameful. I bet you must say a few bad words about her!

A: Yes! How do you know?

B: When someone hurts us, we usually do. Math is a difficult subject.

A: Some questions are hard to answer.

B: The teachers words are not to make things easier to solve.

A: Math makes people feel stupid.

B: I bet you will do better in class if you try your best. Next time, you will feel at ease.

A: But the exam must be rather tough.

B: You must be very worried about you wont pass the exam.

A: You must be very worried about what I will think.

B: We know that some subjects are difficult.

A: You must be very worried that I will lose interest in it.

B: We believe you will do your best. You are a smart girl.

A: I think I will.

1.吸煙有害健康。然而,有些中學(xué)生卻認(rèn)為吸煙是件很酷的事,如果你的身邊有同學(xué)吸煙,你該怎么辦?請(qǐng)按提示寫一篇短文,題目自擬。

內(nèi)容提示:

1. 吸煙不僅危害自身健康,也損害周圍人的健康;

2. 有些青少年因無足夠的錢來買香煙而引致偷竊犯罪;

3. 應(yīng)該馬上停止吸煙,多進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)。

要求:

1. 不要逐字翻譯內(nèi)容提示;

2. 詞數(shù)不少于100詞。

______________________________________

Stop Smoking

Nowadays, some boy students smoke, and they think it cool to do that. But I dont think so.

If the boys around me smoked, I would do something to stop them from smoking. First, I would tell them that smoking is bad for health in many ways. As far as I know, smoking leads to cancer and bad memory. Its not only harmful to the smokers but also to the people around them. Second, I would tell them that some students stole because they didnt have money to buy cigarettes. Step by step, they broke the law, and were punished. Of course, I would also give them some advice to help them stop smoking. I think they should give up smoking at once, and they should do more exercise instead.

If the students around me smoked, I would try my best to help them give up smoking.

2. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代生活中十分重要的一個(gè)方面,但是它在為我們帶來便利的同時(shí)也帶來了很多危害?,F(xiàn)在,全國有很多中學(xué)生沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò),不能自拔,嚴(yán)重影響了他們的身心健康。假設(shè)你們學(xué)校正在開展“網(wǎng)友知心一幫一”的活動(dòng),你要幫助一名沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)的中學(xué)生李兵戒除網(wǎng)癮。這是你第一次給他發(fā)郵件,請(qǐng)你告訴他長時(shí)間上網(wǎng)、沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)的危害,并且告訴他如果你是他你會(huì)怎么辦。你的名字叫王寧。

內(nèi)容提示:

1. 長時(shí)間上網(wǎng)對(duì)眼睛、大腦和心臟有著嚴(yán)重的危害;

2. 長時(shí)間上網(wǎng)不僅浪費(fèi)時(shí)間而且極容易耽誤學(xué)業(yè);

3. 請(qǐng)父母幫助控制上網(wǎng)時(shí)間;經(jīng)常和朋友們一起進(jìn)行體育鍛煉等。

要求:不要逐字翻譯內(nèi)容提示,可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。

Dear Li Bing,

How are you?My name is Wang Ning. Its the first time I write to you. I was told that you love surfing Internet very much and always spend too much time on the Internet. I like the network, but I never spend too much time doing that. As far as I know, to our young students, spending too much time surfing the Internet is really bad for eyes, brain and heart. If I were you, I wouldnt do like that, because its not only bad for health but also bad for study. As a student, we should have enough time to study and rest. So surfing the Internet is sometimes wasting time to us. I know that is pretty difficult to give up doing the thing you like. If I were you, I would ask my parents to help control the time I take. And I think it is a good idea to spend some time doing sports or chatting with friends. It may help you forget the Internet for a while.

Wish you all the best!

Yours,

Wang Ning

3.假如你的同學(xué)Lucy是獨(dú)生女,父母對(duì)她的期望很高,只關(guān)心他的學(xué)習(xí)成績,不讓她看電視、上網(wǎng),她覺得有很多煩惱,卻不知向誰訴說。請(qǐng)你給她寫封郵件,幫幫她吧。

要求:

1. 注意書信格式;

2. 不要逐字翻譯內(nèi)容提示。

Dear Lucy,

How are you?

I am sorry to hear that you have some trouble. My parents used to be very strict with me. I am not allowed to watch TV or surf the Internet. I felt very unhappy, because I thought that I was no longer a child and teenagers should be allowed to do things they like instead of studying all the time. Then I talked with them. I said I should be given more opportunities to develop myself,and I promised that the things I do wouldnt get in the way of my schoolwork. Finally, they agreed with me, and of course I kept my word. Now, I would talk with my parents whenever I have some trouble, and they are always helpful.

So I think your problem is that you and your parents should understand each other more. If I were you, I would talk to them about all these problems you have. Understanding between parents and child is very important.

Good luck!

Yours,

Tracy

鏈接二:國外心理咨詢現(xiàn)狀。

現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)知識(shí)體系源自西方,已有一百多年的歷史?,F(xiàn)介紹國外幾個(gè)國家是如何對(duì)中學(xué)生進(jìn)行心理輔導(dǎo),解決中學(xué)生可以存在的心理問題的。

美國

在當(dāng)今的美國,隨著就業(yè)壓力增大、離婚率上升及學(xué)校課程加深等,美國中小學(xué)學(xué)生犯罪、行為不端、精神疾病、厭學(xué)逃學(xué)、暴力破壞等成為普遍問題。針對(duì)這種情況,美國逐漸建立起一套完整的、綜合的中小學(xué)生心理咨詢體系,即國家撥款,社會(huì)各組織合作,專職人員輔導(dǎo),從而使中小學(xué)生的心理得以健康發(fā)展。全美90%以上的中小學(xué)校開展了對(duì)學(xué)生的心理輔導(dǎo)工作,或常設(shè)專門機(jī)構(gòu)、專業(yè)人員擔(dān)當(dāng)此任,或雇傭受過職業(yè)訓(xùn)練的心理專家對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行評(píng)估、診斷或干預(yù)。例如:美國新澤西州的“學(xué)校青少年計(jì)劃”,加利福尼亞州的“健康始于主動(dòng)性”,紐約州的“燈塔計(jì)劃”等。

在我國,人們稱從事學(xué)校心理工作的人為學(xué)校心理輔導(dǎo)員或心理教師。而在美國,學(xué)校里并沒有專設(shè)此類人員,而是由專業(yè)的學(xué)校心理學(xué)家(school psychologist)從事第一線的心理輔導(dǎo)、心理診斷、心理咨詢、評(píng)估和干預(yù)等工作,并由他們將這些資料記入檔案,進(jìn)行管理和研究,同時(shí)必須遵循一系列的保密原則。

日本

根據(jù)日本教育基本法的規(guī)定,教育的目的是:“以陶冶人格為目標(biāo),培養(yǎng)出和平國家和社會(huì)的建設(shè)者,愛好真理和正義、尊重個(gè)人價(jià)值、注重勞動(dòng)與責(zé)任、充滿獨(dú)立自主精神的身心健康的國民?!备鶕?jù)這個(gè)教育目的,日本教育界認(rèn)為,教育者應(yīng)當(dāng)讓孩子從小就獲得健康的心理狀態(tài),學(xué)會(huì)處理各種影響身心健康的問題,以達(dá)到促進(jìn)終身健康與安全生活的目的。在日本的中小學(xué),心理健康教育是非常重要的一個(gè)課程,主要是幫助學(xué)生解決成長、生活、學(xué)習(xí)以及人際交往中出現(xiàn)的各種問題。無論是國家級(jí)還是地方自治體,近年來都傾注全力來培養(yǎng)教育心理咨詢?nèi)藛T?,F(xiàn)在,全國的都、道、府、縣各中學(xué)都設(shè)置了“教育咨詢室”。心理健康教育主要通過教育咨詢室(也稱作學(xué)校保健教育咨詢室、學(xué)校健康教育咨詢室、學(xué)校教育咨詢室、心理咨詢室等),解決中小學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)生活不適應(yīng)、與人交往有困難和家庭內(nèi)部不和諧等問題,以及常出現(xiàn)的與精神有關(guān)的病癥和心理問題,如頭痛、失眠等心因性疾病等,維護(hù)和促進(jìn)學(xué)生的身心健康,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生適應(yīng)社會(huì)變化的能力,改善其人際關(guān)系,促進(jìn)個(gè)性的開發(fā)與成長,使學(xué)生形成適應(yīng)未來社會(huì)的價(jià)值觀等。

德國

德國學(xué)校心理健康教育類型除了特殊教育、行為矯治和學(xué)業(yè)指導(dǎo)外,特別重視學(xué)生的職業(yè)指導(dǎo)和定向工作,因而更富有特色。由于國家的學(xué)校心理健康教育工作者能夠廣泛地參與學(xué)校內(nèi)外的諸方面工作,能詳盡地了解學(xué)生心理問題的狀況和根源,因而保證了心理服務(wù)的針對(duì)性和有效性。

法國

如果你撥通法國東部弗朗什孔泰地區(qū)青少年健康行動(dòng)網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)的電話,向法國專家請(qǐng)教解決青少年心理問題的有效良方時(shí),協(xié)會(huì)心理學(xué)專家瑪麗·若澤巴羅女土?xí)敛贿t疑地回答說:“傾聽!”

讓有心理障礙的孩子盡情傾訴,然后再循循善誘幫助他們恢復(fù)心理平衡。正是為給有心理障礙的青年以“傾訴天地”,該地區(qū)青少年健康行動(dòng)網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)開通“傾聽熱線”,所有青少年、家庭和與青少年教育有關(guān)的,都可以免費(fèi)撥打熱線向?qū)<覂A訴煩惱痛苦,講述遇到的問題。與此同時(shí)接受傾訴專家須耐心聽取訴說與傾訴者交流并提供有關(guān)咨詢建議和心理幫助并保守秘密。

澳大利亞、新西蘭

把“體育課”改為了“健康與體育課”,把體育課程與健康課程、家政課程融合成一門綜合課,這種學(xué)科性質(zhì)的融合發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化,再也不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的體育課了。在澳大利亞、新西蘭的“健康與體育”課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,還提出了7個(gè)關(guān)鍵學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域:心理健康、性特征教育、食物和營養(yǎng)、身體養(yǎng)護(hù)和安全、身體活動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)、戶外教育。運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)僅是7個(gè)關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的組成部分,其學(xué)科的綜合性顯而易見,但其中反映出了更為重要的特征,這就是7個(gè)關(guān)鍵學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域,單單靠課堂教學(xué)是無法完成的。這些指導(dǎo)性意見不僅是針對(duì)正規(guī)課程教學(xué),而且還針對(duì)課外、校外甚至社會(huì)和家庭都具有廣泛的指導(dǎo)意義。

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