徐澤遠(yuǎn)等
摘要溫度作為工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要被控對(duì)象之一,一直是人們研究的主要對(duì)象。設(shè)計(jì)中選用在MCGS通用版的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)發(fā)的嵌入式組態(tài)軟件MCGSE,對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集處理,融合動(dòng)畫(huà)顯示、報(bào)警處理、流程控制和報(bào)表輸出等功能,更方便用戶解決實(shí)際工程問(wèn)題,廣泛應(yīng)用于自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域??刂菩酒x用可編程序控制器(PLC)S7300,擁有模塊化結(jié)構(gòu),配置易于分布式實(shí)現(xiàn),電磁兼容性較好,能抗震動(dòng)沖擊,在多數(shù)實(shí)際工業(yè)控制場(chǎng)合滿足需要,經(jīng)濟(jì)上也很可觀。設(shè)計(jì)中選取盤管出水口溫度作為控制對(duì)象,采用PID算法達(dá)到穩(wěn)定、快速、準(zhǔn)確的要求。
關(guān)鍵詞溫度;純滯后;PID;MCGSE;S7300
中圖分類號(hào)S126文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2014)28-10000-03
Pipe Temperature Control System Based on MCGSE
XU Zeyuan,YUAN Ye, ZHAO Xiaokun et al
(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040)
AbstractTemperature is one of the most important object of industrial and agricultural production which has been researched for many years. The SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) called MCGSE which developed based on the MCGS is used for collecting and processing the field data in the system, containing the functions of integration of animation display, alarm processing, process control and report output and other functions. It is convenient for the user to solve practical engineering problems so that it is widely used in the field of automation. The micro controller of the system is Programmable Logic Controller(PLC for short) -S7300, which has a modular structure and is easy to distributed control. As a PLC, the S7300 has the ability of antielectromagnetic interference and resistance for shocking, which is very impressive and good to use for meeting the requirements of performance indicators in most of the actual industrial control applications. The temperature of water from the pipe is selected as the controlled object, which can be stable, rapid and accurate in control of PID.
Key wordsTemperature; Pure lag; PID; MCGSE; S7300
工農(nóng)業(yè)過(guò)程控制中,溫度是一個(gè)不可或缺的控制對(duì)象,例如,在溫室大棚里,有些農(nóng)作物需要一定溫度的水進(jìn)行灌溉,這就要求控制水溫。在管道傳輸過(guò)程中,溫度的滯后性表現(xiàn)尤為明顯,給控制增加了難度。為此,筆者選取盤管代替實(shí)際工程中的各種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)過(guò)程的管道傳輸,研究出水口溫度與進(jìn)水口溫度間的滯后環(huán)節(jié),選用MCGSE組態(tài)軟件做上位機(jī)對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,希望能夠?yàn)閷?shí)際工程應(yīng)用提供借鑒和參考,從而使實(shí)際方案更加符合實(shí)際運(yùn)作要求[1-9]。
采用s7300,系統(tǒng)將現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工業(yè)總線MPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為載體,以WinCCnexible為監(jiān)控軟件組態(tài)的HMITP277作為人機(jī)操作界面,構(gòu)成一個(gè)分布式控制系統(tǒng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度的自動(dòng)控制。
1控制對(duì)象建模與控制算法設(shè)計(jì)
1.1盤管出水口溫度控制對(duì)象建模
1.1.1數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立。
由于流經(jīng)盤管的熱水在溫度上存在著純滯后,溫度的傳遞測(cè)量也存在著純滯后,因此控制對(duì)象存在明顯的純滯后。分析盤管出水口溫度控制對(duì)象的機(jī)理,冷水進(jìn)過(guò)鍋爐內(nèi)膽加熱后,通過(guò)水泵提供動(dòng)力源,熱水流過(guò)盤管,檢測(cè)盤管出水口的溫度,具有非震蕩特性和自平衡的特點(diǎn),是一個(gè)衰減最終穩(wěn)定過(guò)程,因此可以用比例環(huán)節(jié)、二階慣性環(huán)節(jié)和一個(gè)延遲環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化。機(jī)理確定下來(lái),得到傳遞函數(shù)如下:
G(s)=Ke-τs(T1s+1)(T2s+1)(1)
式中,K為過(guò)程放大增益。系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行到穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí),輸出的幅值與輸入的幅值之比即為K。T1和T2(T1>T2)分別為兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)間常數(shù);τ此處為純滯后的時(shí)間常數(shù)。
由式(1)可知,以上方法所建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型中包含K、T1、T2和τ共4個(gè)等待測(cè)量的參數(shù)。該設(shè)計(jì)選用階躍響應(yīng)曲線法。
1.1.2數(shù)學(xué)模型的參數(shù)理論分析。
經(jīng)分析可知,盤管出水口溫度控制對(duì)象的模型可以分解為二階環(huán)節(jié)加上一個(gè)純滯后環(huán)節(jié),如下式: