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1,3—二苯—1,3—丙二酮對二甲基亞硝胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用

2014-04-10 16:30劉昕薛茹賈鳳蘭
中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報 2014年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:亞硝胺二甲基肝臟

劉昕+薛茹+賈鳳蘭+等

北京大學公共衛(wèi)生學院毒理學系國家中醫(yī)藥管理局中藥配伍減毒重點研究室,北京 100191

[摘要] 目的 探討1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮(DPPD)對二甲基亞硝胺(DMN)急性肝損傷的保護作用。 方法 小鼠按體重隨機平均分為五組,分別為對照組、DMN組和三組劑量組。劑量組分別經(jīng)口灌胃給予小鼠DPPD 100、200、400 mg/kg體重每日1次,連續(xù)4 d,然后腹腔注射給予致肝毒性劑量DMN(22 mg/kg體重)。染毒后24 h測定血清丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)和乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)活性;制備肝勻漿,改良Hission法測定肝中還原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,TBA法測定肝中丙二醛(MDA)含量;HE染色處理肝臟組織切片,光鏡觀察病理學改變。 結(jié)果 與單獨給予DMN組相比,給予DPPD組明顯改善了DMN引起體重降低的現(xiàn)象,DMN+DPPD高劑量組[(24.3±1.5)g]與DMN組[(22.7±1.0)g]相比,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05);并且顯著降低血清中ALT、AST、LDH含量,DMN+DPPD高劑量組[ALT:(151±38)U/L,AST:(216±131)U/L,LDH:(1423±813)U/L]與DMN組相比[ALT:(1481±575) U/L,AST:(1155±559) U/L,LDH:(3196±784) U/L],差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。相比單獨給予DMN組,給予DPPD組肝臟病理損傷明顯改善,并呈一定的劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系。進一步研究表明,預(yù)防性給予DPPD各組可改善DMN引起的肝脂質(zhì)過氧化現(xiàn)象,且相比單獨給予DMN組,給予DPPD組的GSH/GSSG比值顯著增加, DMN+DPPD高劑量組(10.734±0.572)與 DMN組(6.873±0.587)相比,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。 結(jié)論 DPPD可有效抵抗DMN對ICR小鼠肝臟造成的毒性損傷,調(diào)動機體抗氧化應(yīng)激系統(tǒng)為可能的機制。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮;二甲基亞硝胺;急性肝損傷;小鼠;保肝作用

[中圖分類號] R285.5 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2014)03(b)-0023-05

Protective effects of 1, 3- diphenyl-1, 3- propanedione on Dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in mice

LIU Xin XUE Ru JIA Fenglan RUAN Ming ZHANG Baoxu

Key laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China

[Abstract] Objective To examine the protective effects of 1, 3-diphenyl-1, 3-proanedione (DPPD) on Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatotoxicity on ICR mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: control group, DMN group and three dosage groups. Three dosage groups administered in intragastrically with DPPD at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively for 4 d. 24 hours after DMN injection (22 mg/kg body weight), the serum enzyme including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. The content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were examined by Hisssion method, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was examined by TBA method. Histopathological analysis were also made to observe the pathological chagne. Results Compared with DMN group, DPPD administration restored the body weight to normal, the difference between the DMN+DPPD highest dose group [(24.3±1.5) g] and DMN group [(22.7±1.0) g] was statistically significant (P < 0.05); and significantly decreased the serum of ALT, AST and LDH, the differences between the DMN+DPPD highest dose group [ALT: (151±38) U/L, AST: (216±131) U/L, LDH: (1423±813) U/L] and DMN group [ALT: (1481±575) U/L, AST: (1155±559) U/L, LDH: (3196±784) U/L] were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Liver histopathological examination showed that DPPD administration antagonized DMN-induced liver pathological damage in a dose-dependent manner. Further tests showed that DPPD significantly reduced the hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by DMN, and the ratio of GSH/GSSG was induced significantly by DPPD to antagonize DMN-induced hepatotoxicity, the difference between the DMN+DPPD highest dose group (10.734±0.572) and DMN group (6.873±0.587) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion DPPD can effectively protect ICR male mice from DMN-induced hepatotoxicity. Reduction of oxidative stress may be part of the protection mechanism.

[Key words] 1, 3-diphenyl-1, 3-propanedione; Dimethylnitrosamine; Acute liver injury; Mice; Hepatoprotection

1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮(DPPD)是從甘草根中提取所得的一種β-二酮類物質(zhì)。根據(jù)目前所得的研究結(jié)果,甘草根本身具有肝臟保護作用,并且已經(jīng)在臨床應(yīng)用試驗中獲得了成功[1]。甘草根在大鼠體內(nèi)試驗中證明對四氯化碳造成的肝損傷有一定的保護作用[2]。本研究室現(xiàn)有研究已經(jīng)證明,DPPD對二甲基亞酰胺、四氯化碳、可卡因和對乙酰氨基酚造成的急性肝損傷具有很好的預(yù)防作用[3-6],且DPPD對四氯化碳所致肝損傷的預(yù)防作用優(yōu)于甘草酸和甘草次酸[6]。在本研究中,主要針對DPPD對二甲基亞硝胺(DMN)造成的急性肝損傷的預(yù)防作用進行研究。

DMN是一種環(huán)境污染物和食物中的亞硝胺物質(zhì)。在較高劑量時,DMN可引起肝臟毒性、肝癌,并可引起人和動物的機體突變反應(yīng)。已有實驗表明,DMN在大鼠體內(nèi)可引起肝臟纖維化[7-10]。DMN引起的肝臟損傷具有特征性表現(xiàn),如肝臟急性出血、肝細胞壞死和肝細胞核固縮。此外,在DMN引起的急性損傷的肝臟中,DNA降解的靶點被認為是核染色體[11-13]。給予小鼠單次注射DMN引起的肝臟急性損傷與DMN引起的人體肝臟急性損傷表現(xiàn)類似[11],因此,DMN造成的肝損傷模型被廣泛運用于研究中。

在本次實驗中,通過DMN誘導(dǎo)建立的急性肝損傷模型,對DPPD的肝損傷保護作用進行檢測,并對DPPD可能的肝保護機制進行了初步探討。

1 材料與方法

1.1 藥品和試劑

1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮(DPPD)購自Acros公司(New Jersey,USA),用時以1%(V/V)吐溫-80(購自Amresco公司,Solon,USA)水溶液配制成混懸液;二甲基亞硝胺,購自Sigma-aldrichTM,INC(St. Louis,USA)用時用生理鹽水配制;N-乙基順丁烯二酰亞胺(NEMI),上海麗珠東風生物技術(shù)有限公司產(chǎn)品;十二烷基磺酸鈉(SDS),Serva進口分裝,上?;瘜W試劑廠;硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)購自阿拉?。ㄉ虾#┰噭┯邢薰?;其余試劑無特殊說明均為分析純。

1.2 動物及處理

ICR雄性小鼠20~22 g[購自北京大學醫(yī)學實驗動物中心,生產(chǎn)許可證號:SYXK(京)2006-0008],實驗前適應(yīng)環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)3 d,實驗期間所有動物自由飲食飲水,飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境溫度控制在21~25℃,濕度60%~70%,12 h/12 h晝夜循環(huán)。

30只小鼠按體重隨機平均分為五組:對照組,給予1%(V/V)吐溫-80水溶液灌胃4 d,qd;DMN組,前3 d不進行任何處理,第4天腹腔注射給予DMN 22 mg/kg體重;DPPD不同劑量組,分別經(jīng)口灌胃給予DPPD 100、200、400 mg/kg體重4 d,第4天經(jīng)口給予DPPD 30 min后腹腔注射給予DMN 22 mg/kg體重。腹腔注射DMN 24 h后,小鼠眼底球后靜脈叢取血。隨后小鼠處死解剖取肝臟,稱重,計算肝體比。留取肝臟樣品用于進一步測定。

1.3 生化指標測定

血清酶學指標:丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)、乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)。小鼠眼底球后靜脈叢取血后,經(jīng)3000 r/min離心15 min后分離血清進行生化指標測定,測定使用HITACHI-7072自動生化分析儀。取部分肝大葉組織置于冰KCl溶液(0.15 mol/L)或者磷酸鹽緩沖液制成5%(W/V)組織勻漿分別用于測定丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG),使用試劑盒進行測定,其中GSH和GSSG的含量使用改良Hission法測定,肝臟中MDA含量使用TBA法測定。隨后根據(jù)測定結(jié)果計算GSH/GSSG的比值。

1.4 組織病理檢查

切取肝左葉在10%福爾馬林溶液中固定。常規(guī)病理切片,HE染色后,光學顯微鏡下觀察肝組織病理改變。

1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法

采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 DPPD對DMN所致肝損傷小鼠體重、肝重、肝體比的影響

與對照組比較,小鼠在給予DMN后體重明顯降低,且差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05);肝體比增加,但差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。給予DPPD的3個劑量組中小鼠與DMN組比較,體重有所升高,且在DMN+DPPD高劑量(400 mg/kg)組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05);與DMN組比較,肝重、肝體比在DMN+DPPD中高劑量組均有所升高,與高劑量組差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。見表1。

表1 1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對二甲基亞硝胺所致小鼠體重

與肝重的影響(x±s)

注:與對照組比較,bP < 0.05;與DMN組比較,cP < 0.05,dP < 0.01;DMN:二甲基亞硝胺;DPPD:1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮

2.2 DPPD對DMN引起小鼠血清酶學指標改變的影響

與對照組比較,單次腹腔注射給予DMN(22 mg/kg體重)24 h后,血清ALT、AST和LDH水平升高,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。與單獨注射DMN組相比較,給予DPPD各組血清ALT、AST和LDH水平明顯下降,在DMN+DPPD(200 mg/kg)中劑量和DMN+DPPD(400 mg/kg)高劑量組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01),且DPPD各組存在劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系。DMN+DPPD(100 mg/kg)低劑量組與DMN組比較,血清ALT、AST和LDH水平下降差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。DMN+DPPD(400 mg/kg)高劑量組血清AST和LDH水平與對照組相比,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。

表 2 1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對二甲基亞硝胺致肝損傷小鼠

血清ALT、AST、LDH水平的影響(U/L,x±s)

注:與對照組比較,bP < 0.01;與DMN組比較,dP < 0.01;DMN:二甲基亞硝胺;DPPD:1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮;ALT:丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶;AST:天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶;LDH:乳酸脫氫酶

2.3 DPPD對DMN致肝損傷小鼠肝組織MDA和GSH/GSSG比值的影響

DMN組小鼠與對照組比較,肝組織中MDA含量明顯升高,GSH/GSSH比值明顯下降(P < 0.01)。而給予DPPD的各組與DMN組相比較,肝組織MDA水平明顯下降同時GSH/GSSG比值明顯升高,且在DMN+DPPD(200 mg/kg)中劑量組和DMN+DPPD(400 mg/kg)高劑量組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。見表3。

表3 1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對二甲基亞硝胺致肝損傷小鼠

肝組織MDA含量和GSH/GSSG比值的影響(x±s)

注:與對照組比較,bP < 0.01;與DMN組比較,dP < 0.01;DMN:二甲基亞硝胺;DPPD:1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮;MDA:丙二醛;GSH/ GSSG:還原性谷胱甘肽/氧化性谷胱甘肽

2.4 DPPD對DMN造成的肝臟病理損傷的緩解作用

肉眼觀察小鼠肝臟,對照組小鼠肝臟顏色為紅褐色,有光澤,濕潤,富有彈性。而單獨給予DMN組肝臟則失去光澤,深紅色,質(zhì)脆,且在肝臟表面可見大量灰黃色點狀壞死灶。給予DPPD各組與單獨給予DMN組相比較,肝臟大體有明顯的改善。

光鏡下觀察,對照組小鼠肝臟肝小葉輪廓清晰,細胞胞質(zhì)豐富,核大而圓,核仁清晰(圖1A)。而DMN組可見正常肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)被破壞,小葉間可見大量壞死,部分小葉輪廓已消失,肝細胞表現(xiàn)出壞死、淤血、核固縮或核溶解破碎,還可觀察到肝細胞邊緣的消失和肝細胞間的炎癥細胞浸潤(圖1B)。預(yù)防性給予DPPD的各組肝臟損傷減輕,可見肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)和輪廓,小葉間壞死減少,且這種減輕程度具有一定劑量依賴關(guān)系。DMN+DPPD 100 mg/kg組(圖1C)仍可見部分細胞壞死及小葉間壞死;DMN+DPPD 200mg/kg組(圖1D)肝臟損傷減輕明顯,而DMN+DPPD 400 mg/kg組(圖1E)肝臟組織已接近正常對照組,肝小葉輪廓清晰。

A:對照組;B:DMN組;C:DMN+DPPD 100 mg/kg組 D:DMN+DPPD 200 mg/kg組 E:DMN+DPPD 400 mg/kg組

圖 1 1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對二甲基亞硝胺致肝損傷小鼠

肝組織病理的影響(HE染色,200×)

3 討論

從研究結(jié)果中可見,腹腔注射給予小鼠22 mg/kg體重 DMN 24 h后,小鼠體重明顯下降,而肝體比增加,血清酶學指標水平顯著上升(ALT、AST、LDH),小鼠肝臟組織病理損傷性改變明顯,說明腹腔注射DMN對小鼠肝臟可造成一定的急性損傷。而與DMN組相比,DPPD各組小鼠血清酶學指標水平顯著下降,以上結(jié)果可證明預(yù)防性給予DPPD能有效地抵御DMN所造成的小鼠急性肝臟損傷。

DPPD主要通過激動Nrf2和抑制苯并芘的活性從而對Ⅱ相酶進行介導(dǎo),減少DNA加合物的形成[14],此外,DPPD可以降低小鼠腫瘤的發(fā)生率,減少息肉的發(fā)生[15]。小鼠體內(nèi)試驗證明,DPPD可通過抑制Akt信號通路從而抑制腫瘤的進展[16],并且其可作為雌激素受體競爭劑減少二甲基苯蒽引起的乳腺DMN加合物的產(chǎn)生并降低乳腺腫瘤的發(fā)生率[17-19]。DPPD還通過調(diào)節(jié)AhR的功能,調(diào)節(jié)致癌物引起的Ⅰ相酶的表達和活化,體外實驗中,其表現(xiàn)出一定的抗肝癌活性[20]。

在筆者以往的實驗中[5],觀察到單獨給予小鼠DPPD可以引起小鼠肝重和肝體比的增加,并且未觀察到任何表現(xiàn)出毒性的指標變化。此外,有研究表明在長期給予小鼠DPPD后,可觀察到肝重的增加,且喂養(yǎng)DPPD組小鼠健康情況與陰性組無顯著差異[18]。由于DPPD可以會對CYP450產(chǎn)生一定的誘導(dǎo),推測喂養(yǎng)DPPD后肝重的增加可能與CYP450被誘導(dǎo)后的適應(yīng)性現(xiàn)象有關(guān)[21]。

GSH/GSSG反映了肝臟抵御氧化損傷的水平,是肝臟中最重要的抗氧化指標之一[21]。MDA是不飽和脂肪酸過氧化的終產(chǎn)物,肝臟組織中的MDA常作為評價肝臟氧化應(yīng)激水平的生物指標[22]。由本實驗室已有研究結(jié)果可證明,DPPD可以抵御包括二甲基甲酰胺、四氯化碳在內(nèi)的多種化學物質(zhì)造成的急性肝臟損傷[3-6,23],這些保護作用主要是通過誘導(dǎo)谷胱甘肽合成等途徑調(diào)動機體抗氧化系統(tǒng)從而發(fā)揮作用。由此推測DPPD對DMN造成的小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用很可能是通過調(diào)動機體抗氧化應(yīng)激系統(tǒng)來發(fā)揮作用。

為驗證這一假設(shè),在本實驗中,留取小鼠肝臟進行處理,測定肝臟組織中MDA和GSH/GSSG水平。結(jié)果證明,單獨注射DMN組小鼠肝臟MDA值水平顯著增高,而DPPD各劑量組的MDA值則較DMN組均有所下降,并表現(xiàn)出一定的劑量反應(yīng)關(guān)系。相比對照組,DMN組GSH/GSSG比值明顯降低,初步推測是DMN進入體內(nèi)后消耗了GSH,并刺激了GSSG合成增加,而給予DPPD各組相比,DMN組GSH/GSSG比值有所升高,這一結(jié)果可證明DPPD通過誘導(dǎo)體內(nèi)GSH合成來抵御DMN造成的肝臟毒性。具體機制還需要進一步進行探索。

綜上所述,DPPD能夠有效抵御DMN造成的肝臟損傷可能是通過調(diào)動機體的抗氧化應(yīng)激作用,但其更深的機制以及是否通過其他途徑發(fā)揮作用仍需進一步的研究探索。

[參考文獻]

[1] Hu C. Estrogenic activities of extracts of Chinese licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)root in MCF-7 breast cancer cells [J]. Steroid Biochem Mol Biol,2009,113(3-5):209-216.

[2] Huo HZ. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Licorice Extract against CCl(4)-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats [J]. Int J Mol Sci,2011,12(10):6529-6543.

[3] 呂艷,丁兆豐,馬秋霞,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對可卡因致小鼠肝毒性及神經(jīng)毒性的保護作用[J].中國藥物依賴性雜志,2011,20(2):87-92.

[4] 李慶偉,邢國振,王富強,等.二苯甲酰甲烷對對乙酰氨基酚所致MT小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國藥理學與毒理學雜志,2009,23(1):55-59.

[5] 王德偉,賈鳳蘭,阮明,等.二苯甲酰甲烷對二甲基甲酰胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國藥理學與毒理學雜志,2007,21(3):235-240.

[6] 賈鳳蘭,趙琦,張祝琴,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國新藥雜志,2006,15(1):26-29.

[7] Haggerty HG,Holsapple MP. Role of metabolism in dimet hylnitrosamine-induced immunosuppression: a review [J]. Toxicology,1990,63(1):1-23.

[8] Jin YL. Tissue remodeling following submassive hemorrhagic necrosis in rat livers induced by an intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine [J]. Virchows Arch,2003, 442(1):39-47.

[9] Lai DY. Role of dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase in the metabolic activation of dimethylinitrosamine [J]. Chem Biol Interact,1979,28(1):107-126.

[10] George J. Dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats: the early deposition of collagen [J]. Toxicology,2001,156(2-3):129-138.

[11] Oyaizu T. Studies on the mechanism of dimethylnitrosam ine-induced acute liver injury in mice [J]. Exp Toxicol Pat hol,1997,49(5):375-380.

[12] Yasuda M. Differentiation of necrotic cell death with or without lysosomal activation:application of acute liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and dime thylnitrosamine (DMN) [J]. Histochem Cytochem,2000,48(10):1331-1339.

[13] Lee M,Yoon S,Moon JO. The flavonoid naringenin inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats [J]. Biol Pharm Bull,2004,27(1):72-76.

[14] Thimmulappa RK. Dibenzoylmethane activates Nrf2-dependent detoxification pathway and inhibits benzo(a)pyrene induced DNA adducts in lungs [J]. Med Chem,2008,4(5):473-481.

[15] Cheung KL. Differential in vivo mechanism of chemoprevention of tumor formation in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mice by PEITC and DBM [J]. Carcinogenesis,2010,31(5):880-885.

[16] Khor TO. Dietary feeding of dibenzoylmethane inhibits prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model [J]. Cancer Res,2009,69(17):7096-7102.

[17] Lin CC,Ho CT,Huang MT. Chemopreventive effect of dibenzoylmethane on mammary tumorigenesis [J]. Dietary Supplements,2008,10:281-292.

[18] Lin CC. Inhibition by dietary dibenzoylmethane of mammary gland proliferation,formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in mammary glands,and mammary tumorigenesis in Sencar mice [J]. Cancer Lett,2001,168(2):125-132.

[19] Lin CC,Ho CT,Huang MT. Mechanistic studies on the inhibitory action of dietary dibenzoylmethane,a beta-diketone analogue of curcumin,on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis [J]. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B,2001,25(3):158-165.

[20] MacDonald CJ,Ciolino HP,Yeh GC. Dibenzoylmethane modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor function and expression of cytochromes P450 1A1,1A2,and 1B1 [J]. Cancer Res,2001,61(10):3919-3924.

[21] Boelsterli UA. Mechanistic Toxicology [M]. Florida: CRC Press Inc,2007:399.

[22] Rio DD,Stewart AJ,Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress [J]. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis,2005,15:316-328.

[23] 阮明,張祝琴,賈鳳蘭,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對硫代乙酰胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國新藥雜志,2006,15(8):598-600.

(收稿日期:2013-12-05 本文編輯:程 銘)

[2] Huo HZ. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Licorice Extract against CCl(4)-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats [J]. Int J Mol Sci,2011,12(10):6529-6543.

[3] 呂艷,丁兆豐,馬秋霞,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對可卡因致小鼠肝毒性及神經(jīng)毒性的保護作用[J].中國藥物依賴性雜志,2011,20(2):87-92.

[4] 李慶偉,邢國振,王富強,等.二苯甲酰甲烷對對乙酰氨基酚所致MT小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國藥理學與毒理學雜志,2009,23(1):55-59.

[5] 王德偉,賈鳳蘭,阮明,等.二苯甲酰甲烷對二甲基甲酰胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國藥理學與毒理學雜志,2007,21(3):235-240.

[6] 賈鳳蘭,趙琦,張祝琴,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國新藥雜志,2006,15(1):26-29.

[7] Haggerty HG,Holsapple MP. Role of metabolism in dimet hylnitrosamine-induced immunosuppression: a review [J]. Toxicology,1990,63(1):1-23.

[8] Jin YL. Tissue remodeling following submassive hemorrhagic necrosis in rat livers induced by an intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine [J]. Virchows Arch,2003, 442(1):39-47.

[9] Lai DY. Role of dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase in the metabolic activation of dimethylinitrosamine [J]. Chem Biol Interact,1979,28(1):107-126.

[10] George J. Dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats: the early deposition of collagen [J]. Toxicology,2001,156(2-3):129-138.

[11] Oyaizu T. Studies on the mechanism of dimethylnitrosam ine-induced acute liver injury in mice [J]. Exp Toxicol Pat hol,1997,49(5):375-380.

[12] Yasuda M. Differentiation of necrotic cell death with or without lysosomal activation:application of acute liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and dime thylnitrosamine (DMN) [J]. Histochem Cytochem,2000,48(10):1331-1339.

[13] Lee M,Yoon S,Moon JO. The flavonoid naringenin inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats [J]. Biol Pharm Bull,2004,27(1):72-76.

[14] Thimmulappa RK. Dibenzoylmethane activates Nrf2-dependent detoxification pathway and inhibits benzo(a)pyrene induced DNA adducts in lungs [J]. Med Chem,2008,4(5):473-481.

[15] Cheung KL. Differential in vivo mechanism of chemoprevention of tumor formation in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mice by PEITC and DBM [J]. Carcinogenesis,2010,31(5):880-885.

[16] Khor TO. Dietary feeding of dibenzoylmethane inhibits prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model [J]. Cancer Res,2009,69(17):7096-7102.

[17] Lin CC,Ho CT,Huang MT. Chemopreventive effect of dibenzoylmethane on mammary tumorigenesis [J]. Dietary Supplements,2008,10:281-292.

[18] Lin CC. Inhibition by dietary dibenzoylmethane of mammary gland proliferation,formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in mammary glands,and mammary tumorigenesis in Sencar mice [J]. Cancer Lett,2001,168(2):125-132.

[19] Lin CC,Ho CT,Huang MT. Mechanistic studies on the inhibitory action of dietary dibenzoylmethane,a beta-diketone analogue of curcumin,on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis [J]. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B,2001,25(3):158-165.

[20] MacDonald CJ,Ciolino HP,Yeh GC. Dibenzoylmethane modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor function and expression of cytochromes P450 1A1,1A2,and 1B1 [J]. Cancer Res,2001,61(10):3919-3924.

[21] Boelsterli UA. Mechanistic Toxicology [M]. Florida: CRC Press Inc,2007:399.

[22] Rio DD,Stewart AJ,Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress [J]. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis,2005,15:316-328.

[23] 阮明,張祝琴,賈鳳蘭,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對硫代乙酰胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國新藥雜志,2006,15(8):598-600.

(收稿日期:2013-12-05 本文編輯:程 銘)

[2] Huo HZ. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Licorice Extract against CCl(4)-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats [J]. Int J Mol Sci,2011,12(10):6529-6543.

[3] 呂艷,丁兆豐,馬秋霞,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對可卡因致小鼠肝毒性及神經(jīng)毒性的保護作用[J].中國藥物依賴性雜志,2011,20(2):87-92.

[4] 李慶偉,邢國振,王富強,等.二苯甲酰甲烷對對乙酰氨基酚所致MT小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國藥理學與毒理學雜志,2009,23(1):55-59.

[5] 王德偉,賈鳳蘭,阮明,等.二苯甲酰甲烷對二甲基甲酰胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國藥理學與毒理學雜志,2007,21(3):235-240.

[6] 賈鳳蘭,趙琦,張祝琴,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國新藥雜志,2006,15(1):26-29.

[7] Haggerty HG,Holsapple MP. Role of metabolism in dimet hylnitrosamine-induced immunosuppression: a review [J]. Toxicology,1990,63(1):1-23.

[8] Jin YL. Tissue remodeling following submassive hemorrhagic necrosis in rat livers induced by an intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine [J]. Virchows Arch,2003, 442(1):39-47.

[9] Lai DY. Role of dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase in the metabolic activation of dimethylinitrosamine [J]. Chem Biol Interact,1979,28(1):107-126.

[10] George J. Dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats: the early deposition of collagen [J]. Toxicology,2001,156(2-3):129-138.

[11] Oyaizu T. Studies on the mechanism of dimethylnitrosam ine-induced acute liver injury in mice [J]. Exp Toxicol Pat hol,1997,49(5):375-380.

[12] Yasuda M. Differentiation of necrotic cell death with or without lysosomal activation:application of acute liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and dime thylnitrosamine (DMN) [J]. Histochem Cytochem,2000,48(10):1331-1339.

[13] Lee M,Yoon S,Moon JO. The flavonoid naringenin inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats [J]. Biol Pharm Bull,2004,27(1):72-76.

[14] Thimmulappa RK. Dibenzoylmethane activates Nrf2-dependent detoxification pathway and inhibits benzo(a)pyrene induced DNA adducts in lungs [J]. Med Chem,2008,4(5):473-481.

[15] Cheung KL. Differential in vivo mechanism of chemoprevention of tumor formation in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate mice by PEITC and DBM [J]. Carcinogenesis,2010,31(5):880-885.

[16] Khor TO. Dietary feeding of dibenzoylmethane inhibits prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model [J]. Cancer Res,2009,69(17):7096-7102.

[17] Lin CC,Ho CT,Huang MT. Chemopreventive effect of dibenzoylmethane on mammary tumorigenesis [J]. Dietary Supplements,2008,10:281-292.

[18] Lin CC. Inhibition by dietary dibenzoylmethane of mammary gland proliferation,formation of DMBA-DNA adducts in mammary glands,and mammary tumorigenesis in Sencar mice [J]. Cancer Lett,2001,168(2):125-132.

[19] Lin CC,Ho CT,Huang MT. Mechanistic studies on the inhibitory action of dietary dibenzoylmethane,a beta-diketone analogue of curcumin,on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis [J]. Proc Natl Sci Counc Repub China B,2001,25(3):158-165.

[20] MacDonald CJ,Ciolino HP,Yeh GC. Dibenzoylmethane modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor function and expression of cytochromes P450 1A1,1A2,and 1B1 [J]. Cancer Res,2001,61(10):3919-3924.

[21] Boelsterli UA. Mechanistic Toxicology [M]. Florida: CRC Press Inc,2007:399.

[22] Rio DD,Stewart AJ,Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress [J]. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis,2005,15:316-328.

[23] 阮明,張祝琴,賈鳳蘭,等.1,3-二苯-1,3-丙二酮對硫代乙酰胺致小鼠急性肝損傷的保護作用[J].中國新藥雜志,2006,15(8):598-600.

(收稿日期:2013-12-05 本文編輯:程 銘)

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