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《安德的游戲》——英雄的榮耀與良知

2014-04-01 14:56ByOrsonScottCard
新東方英語·中學(xué)版 2014年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:蟲族格拉夫卡德

By+Orson+Scott+Card

奧森·斯科特·卡德(Orson Scott Card, 1951~),美國作家、評論家、公眾演說家和政治家??ǖ乱远喾N風格和題材進行寫作,最初以其科幻小說而聞名。他最著名的代表作為小說《安德的游戲》(Ender's Game)及其續(xù)集《死者代言人》(Speaker for the Dead),雙雙獲得了雨果獎和星云獎,也讓卡德成為唯一一位連續(xù)兩年包攬兩項美國科幻小說最高獎的作家。

《安德的游戲》發(fā)表于1985年,小說講述了極具軍事指揮天賦的少年安德·維京(Ender Wiggin)歷經(jīng)重重磨練和心靈考驗,最終指揮太空艦隊打敗了入侵地球的外星生物蟲族的故事。

下文選自本書第14章,講述安德在游戲中打敗并消滅了蟲族,結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)游戲并非游戲,而是真實的戰(zhàn)斗。

Ender took off his headphones, and only then realized that there was just as much noise in the room with him. Men in uniform were hugging each other, laughing, shouting; others were weeping. Colonel Graff came to Ender. Tears streamed down his face, but he was smiling. "Thank you, thank you Ender. Thank God for you, Ender."

He tried to make sense of this. Had he passed the test after all? It was his victory, not theirs; why did they act as if he had won with honor?

Mazer Rackham came straight to Ender and held out his hand. "You made the hard choice, boy. All or nothing. End them or end us. But heaven knows there was no other way you could have done it. Congratulations. You beat them, and it's all over."

All over. Beat them. Ender didn't understand. "I beat you."

Mazer laughed. "Ender, you never played me. You never played a game since I became your enemy."

Ender didn't get the joke. He had played a great many games, at a terrible cost to himself.

Mazer then grew serious and said, "Ender, for the past few months you have been the battle commander of our fleets. This was the Third Invasion. There were no games, the battles were real, and the only enemy you fought was the buggers. You won every battle, and today you finally fought them at their home world, where the queen was, all the queens from all their colonies, they all were there and you destroyed them completely. They'll never attack us again. You did it. You."

Real. Not a game. Ender's mind was too tired to cope with it all. They weren't just points of light in the air; they were real ships that he had fought with and real ships he had destroyed. And a real world that he had blasted into oblivion1). He walked through the crowd, ignoring their words, their rejoicing. When he got to his own room he stripped off his clothes, climbed into bed, and slept.

Ender awoke when they shook him. It took a moment to recognize them. Graff and Rackham. He turned his back on them.

"Ender, we need to talk to you," said Graff. Ender rolled back to face them.

"They've been playing out the videos on Earth all day, all night since the battle yesterday."endprint

"Yesterday?" He had slept through until the next day.

"You're a hero. Ender. They've seen what you did. You and the others."

"I killed them all, didn't I?" Ender asked.

"All who?" asked Graff. "The buggers? That was the idea."

Mazer leaned in close. "That's what the war was for."

"All their queens. So I killed all their children, all of everything."

"They decided that when they attacked us. It wasn't your fault. It's what had to happen."

Ender grabbed Mazer's uniform, pulling him down so they were face to face. "I didn't want to kill them all. I didn't want to kill anybody! I'm not a killer! You didn't want me, you bastards, you wanted Peter, but you made me do it, you tricked me into it!" He was crying. He was out of control.

"Of course we tricked you into it. That's the whole point," said Graff. "It had to be a trick or you couldn't have done it. It's the bind2) we were in. We had to have a commander with so much empathy that he would think like the buggers, understand them and anticipate them. So much compassion that he could win the love of his underlings3) and work with them like a perfect machine, as perfect as the buggers. But somebody with that much compassion could never be the killer we needed. Could never go into battle willing to win at all costs. If you knew, you couldn't do it. If you were the kind of person who would do it even if you knew, you could never have understood the buggers well enough."

"And it had to be a child, Ender," said Mazer. "I was too old and cautious. Any decent person who knows what warfare is can never go into battle with a whole heart. But you didn't know. We made sure you didn't know. You were reckless4) and brilliant and young. It's what you were born for."

"We had pilots with our ships, didn't we?"

"Yes."

"I was ordering pilots to go in and die and I didn't even know it."

"They knew it, Ender, and they went anyway. They knew what it was for."

"You never asked me! You never told me the truth about anything!"

"You had to be a weapon, Ender. Like a gun, like the Little Doctor, functioning perfectly but not knowing what you were aimed at. We aimed you. We're responsible. If there was something wrong, we did it."

"Tell me later," Ender said. His eyes closed.

安德摘下耳機,這才發(fā)現(xiàn)房間里也是一片沸沸揚揚。穿著制服的軍人們相互擁抱、歡呼大笑,其他人則淚流滿面。格拉夫上校(編注:安德在太空戰(zhàn)斗學(xué)校的校長兼導(dǎo)師)來到安德面前。淚水從他的臉上滑落,但他卻在微笑著。“謝謝你,謝謝你,安德。感謝上帝把你賜予我們,安德。”endprint

安德盡力想弄明白這到底是怎么回事。他最終通過測試了嗎?這是他的勝利,又不是他們的,為什么他們表現(xiàn)得好像他的勝利是無上的榮耀一般?

馬澤·雷漢(編注:在蟲族第二次入侵中打敗蟲族的指揮官)徑直走到安德面前,向他伸出手?!澳阕隽艘粋€艱難的選擇,孩子。大獲全勝或者一敗涂地。消滅它們或者被它們消滅。但天知道你別無選擇,只能那樣做。祝賀你。你打敗了它們,一切都結(jié)束了。”

一切都結(jié)束了。打敗了它們。安德一頭霧水。“我打敗的是你呀!”

馬澤放聲大笑?!鞍驳?,你從來沒有和我作戰(zhàn)過。自從我成為你的敵人之后,你玩的游戲就不再是游戲了?!?/p>

安德沒太聽懂這個笑話。他之前打了多少場游戲,為此付出了多少心血!

緊接著,馬澤神情嚴肅起來。他說:“安德,在過去的幾個月中,你已經(jīng)成為我們艦隊的指揮官。這次戰(zhàn)斗是蟲族的第三次入侵。沒有什么游戲,那些戰(zhàn)斗都是真實的,而唯一與你作戰(zhàn)的敵人就是蟲族。每一場戰(zhàn)斗你都取得了勝利,而今天你終于和蟲族在它們的大本營決一死戰(zhàn),它們的母后(編注:指負責繁衍生息的蟲族母后)和所有蟲族殖民地的母后都在那里,而你把它們?nèi)枷麥缌?。它們再也不會來侵略我們了。你做到了。是你?!?/p>

這是真實的。這不是游戲。安德太累了,他已經(jīng)完全搞不明白這到底是怎么回事。他們不是空中的光點,他指揮的飛船都是真實的飛船,他毀滅的飛船也是真實的飛船。被他炸得夷為平地的那個世界也是真真切切的世界。他穿過人群,無視他們的祝賀之詞和喜悅之情。他走進自己的房間,脫下衣服,然后爬到床上睡著了。

安德醒來時他們正在搖晃他。過了好一會兒他才認出那是格拉夫和馬澤。他翻過身背對著他們。

“安德,我們需要和你談?wù)劇!备窭蛘f。安德翻過身來面向他們。

“從昨天戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后,他們就在地球上整日整夜地播放那場戰(zhàn)斗的錄像?!?/p>

“昨天?”他已經(jīng)睡了整整一天。

“你成了英雄了,安德。他們都看到了你的事跡,你和其他同伴們的事跡?!?/p>

“我把它們?nèi)細⑺懒?,是嗎?”安德問道?/p>

“你指的是誰?”格拉夫說,“是蟲族嗎?那是我們的愿望啊?!?/p>

馬澤俯下身子?!澳钦沁@場戰(zhàn)爭的目的?!?/p>

“它們所有的母后都死了。所以我殺死了它們所有的孩子,我把它們的一切都毀了。”

“它們攻擊我們的時候,就已經(jīng)做出了那樣的選擇。這不是你的錯。我們不得不這樣做?!?/p>

安德一把抓住馬澤的制服,把他拉到面前?!拔腋静幌肴繗⑺浪鼈?。我不想殺死任何人!我不是個殺人狂!你們原本需要的不是我,混蛋,你們需要的是彼得(編注:指安德生性兇殘的哥哥),但你們強迫我做這些事,你們騙我去做這些事!”安德放聲大哭,完全失去了控制。

“沒錯,我們是欺騙了你,但這是整個計劃的關(guān)鍵,”格拉夫說,“我們只能采用欺騙的手段,否則你就不可能完成這個任務(wù)。我們別無選擇。我們必須挑選一個有著高度同理心的指揮官,他要像蟲族一樣思考,能夠理解它們,并且可以預(yù)測它們的行動。他要擁有足夠的同情心來贏得下屬的敬愛,與他們合作無間,如機器一般天衣無縫,就像蟲族一樣渾然一體(編注:蟲族沒有語言,全部通過母后進行思維交流,宛如一體)。但同情心泛濫的人也永遠不可能成為我們所需要的殺手,他無法不惜任何代價投入戰(zhàn)斗,志在取勝。如果你知道了真相,你是不可能完成這個任務(wù)的。而如果你是那種即使在知道真相后也愿意執(zhí)行任務(wù)的人,那你永遠都不可能對蟲族有如此深刻的了解?!?/p>

“而且這個任務(wù)必須由孩子來完成,安德,”馬澤說,“我年紀太大了,而且過于謹慎。任何一個知道戰(zhàn)爭是怎么回事的正派人士都不可能全身心地投入到戰(zhàn)斗中去。但你不知道。我們確保不讓你知道。你年輕、聰明,而且沒有那么多顧慮。這就是你出生的目的?!?/p>

“我們的飛船里都有飛行員,是嗎?”

“是的?!?/p>

“我當時命令那些飛行員冒死前進,而我卻對此一無所知。”

“他們知道,安德,而且他們義無反顧地執(zhí)行了命令。他們知道這樣做是為了什么?!?/p>

“可你們從來沒有問過我!你們什么真相都沒有告訴過我!”

“你必須成為我們的武器,安德。就像是一把槍,像是‘小醫(yī)生(編注:一種威力強大無比的生化武器),能夠完美地運作,卻不知道瞄準的目標是什么。我們的目標是你,我們對此負責。如果出了什么問題,那是我們造成的?!?/p>

“以后再說吧?!卑驳抡f著閉上了眼睛。

1. oblivion [??bl?vi?n] n. (徹底的)毀滅

2. bind [ba?nd] n. <口>困境,尷尬的處境

3. underling [??nd?l??] n. <常貶>下屬,下手

4. reckless [?rekl?s] adj. 不顧慮的

賞析

《安德的游戲》是一部十分經(jīng)典的科幻小說,它將故事的背景設(shè)置在未來。然而,這部科幻小說不止是把時間設(shè)置在未來,不止是有外星生物加入,也不是以高科技武器來故弄玄虛,而是借“科幻”這個外殼賦予故事以更廣闊的想象空間,但這種天馬行空的想象并未削減故事的人文內(nèi)涵。小說講述了一個英雄的成長歷程,但卻以一種出乎意料的方式結(jié)束,英雄身上背負的不再是純粹的榮耀,還有良知的拷問。

小說作者卡德出生在一個傳統(tǒng)的摩門教家庭,其創(chuàng)作深受摩門教的影響。在他的小說中,主人公往往擁有上帝一般的洞察力和感召力,能夠改變團隊的命運,掌控世界的未來。安德就是這樣一個典型的卡德式英雄。小說中的地球已經(jīng)連續(xù)兩次遭到外星蟲族的入侵,第二次傷亡尤為慘重,人類瀕臨滅亡。負責保衛(wèi)人類安全的國際艦隊根據(jù)對蟲族的研究,認為必須在全世界范圍內(nèi)尋找天才兒童,把他們送到專門的戰(zhàn)斗學(xué)校培養(yǎng)成軍事奇才來消滅蟲族,人類才可能有存活的希望。安德的父母就是在這種情況下,破例得到政府允許而生下了他們的第三個孩子安德(編注:在小說中,每個家庭只允許有兩個孩子)。安德的出現(xiàn)分明有著命中注定的意味。正如他的英文名字Ender所暗示的,他的確是一切混沌和矛盾的終結(jié)者。政府本來寄希望于安德的哥哥彼得和姐姐華倫蒂,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他倆雖然都表現(xiàn)出了不錯的特質(zhì),但都過于純粹,一個至惡,一個至善。然而,一個肩負著終結(jié)任務(wù)的英雄既需要極端的純粹,也需要極端的反差。在安德身上,這兩者完美地結(jié)合在一起。具有罕見軍事天賦的安德在六歲時就被選中,順利通過殘酷的模擬戰(zhàn)斗,逐漸由新兵成長為艦隊司令。在戰(zhàn)斗學(xué)校里,為激發(fā)安德的潛力、培養(yǎng)他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力,教官故意讓他被其他隊員孤立,并改變游戲規(guī)則,屢次把他逼入險境。然而,在面臨現(xiàn)實和心靈的沖擊時,安德仍能夠處理得游刃有余,一次次化險為夷。安德用實力贏得了隊友的信任和對手的尊重,一次次勇敢地突破自己的體能和心理極限,并在最后一次“游戲訓(xùn)練”中,帶領(lǐng)團隊消滅了蟲族,贏得了戰(zhàn)斗的勝利。endprint

然而,故事卻在此時發(fā)生了意想不到的反轉(zhuǎn)。節(jié)選部分正是故事的轉(zhuǎn)折點,為我們揭示了事情的真相。原來,與蟲族的這次決戰(zhàn)是生死之戰(zhàn),需要指揮官不惜一切代價、全力以赴。為保證任務(wù)順利完成,教官們并沒有告訴安德他指揮的其實是真實的戰(zhàn)斗。這種謊言對安德來說實在是莫大的傷害。戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束后才得知真相的安德無比震驚:因為他,無數(shù)飛行員喪命;因為他,蟲族被徹底毀滅。他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的雙手沾滿了無辜者的鮮血。真相是那么殘酷,它煎熬著心靈,拷問著良知,仿佛是一個永遠看不到盡頭的深淵,帶來的是難以擺脫的無盡痛苦。戰(zhàn)斗英雄安德成了全人類的驕傲,然而,當榮耀的光環(huán)環(huán)繞著他的時候,他卻選擇了自我放逐。他按照蟲族女王幽靈的指引,找到了尚在繭中的最后一個蟲族女王,帶著它,和姐姐華倫蒂一起踏上了尋找適合蟲族復(fù)興的星球之旅。

小說令人印象最為深刻的一點是,安德面對保全自身與徹底毀滅敵人這一兩難選擇時一次次的捫心自問。每當訓(xùn)練中出于自保而傷害了他人時,他都會陷入深深的悔恨與自我厭惡中。因為毫無人性的訓(xùn)練意在讓安德變得冷酷無情,而他內(nèi)心一隅那孩童式的單純和溫柔卻始終未曾泯滅和改變。強與弱,殺戮與拯救,暴力與和平——這些相反的力量相互撕扯,糾纏不休,他的心靈只得痛苦地掙扎。這也使安德與傳統(tǒng)的英雄形象完全不同,他不想做一個殺手,卻一次次被迫傷害生命,承受良知對靈魂的拷問。理智與情感的沖突使他成了最身不由己的英雄。在眾聲喧嘩、舉杯相慶中,他卻只感到冰冷的令人絕望的孤獨——在人世中的孤獨,在時間中的孤獨,在宇宙中的孤獨。英雄的榮耀并不是他想要的,因為那榮耀是以犧牲自我、泯滅人性為基礎(chǔ)的,是以傷害和殺戮為代價的。他只想簡簡單單地做個好人,不想淪為任人擺布的工具和冰冷的戰(zhàn)斗機器。

小說只用一句謊言就讓安德完成了少年向成人的蛻變,近乎血淋淋地揭開了理智與情感、榮耀與良知糾纏過程中產(chǎn)生的痛楚。與蟲族女王幽靈的相遇終于給安德以自我救贖的機會。而蟲族女王之所以信任安德,也正是因為他本性仁厚的緣故。安德帶著尚在繭中的最后一個蟲族女王遠走既是他對游戲規(guī)則的重新思考,也是他對權(quán)威的否定和反抗。他始終在反思戰(zhàn)爭,反思自身,并最終以溝通來代替對抗,以獨立思考來拒絕把控和利用,以溫暖的仁愛之心來消解冰冷的理智。

小說的背景雖然設(shè)定在未來,然而,未來與當下的距離卻使我們得以站在旁觀者的視角審視現(xiàn)在的自己。當人們的一言一行像機器一樣越來越僵硬的時候,當太多的理智與算計充斥著生活的時候,當親情、友情和愛情逐漸被物質(zhì)的洪流吞沒的時候,我們更需要良知的回歸、情感的潤澤和獨立的思考。只有這樣,責任才不會與良知相抵觸,冰冷才能被溫暖所消融。

譯·賞析 / 辛彩娜endprint

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