肖炳全
摘要:初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),同時(shí)也是歷年中考英語(yǔ)的重要考點(diǎn)。對(duì)主謂一致考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納梳理,有利……
關(guān)鍵詞:主謂一致;歸納;梳理
初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn),同時(shí)也是歷年中考英語(yǔ)的重要考點(diǎn)。在英語(yǔ)中,句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致關(guān)系,叫主謂一致。
一、語(yǔ)法一致原則
語(yǔ)法一致原則即句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The table has four legs. My parents are teachers.
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Climbing hills is of great help to health .
(2) 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing等,代詞either, neither, another, the other等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),以及限定詞each , every等后接名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如: Lucy , someone is waiting for you at the gate . Is everyone here?
(3)由some (of), plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most (of), the rest (of), all (of), half (of), “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”等短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與后面的名詞保持一致。如果所修飾的是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Most of her time is spent in exercising. About 5 percent of the students are absent today.
(4) “a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; “the number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)” 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: (2010 深圳) ——The number of the students in our class is fifty-six.——How many of them are girls.
(5) 用one, every one, each one, either, neither等+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: (2011 衢州) One of my friends has moved to America. I miss her so much.
(6) none 做主語(yǔ)指代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: —— Is there any tea in cup? —— No, there is none.
(7) 名詞性物主代詞mine,yours,his,hers,its, ours,theirs等做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù),動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;動(dòng)詞后面名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: His is a new bike. Ours are old bikes.
二、意義一致原則
意義一致原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容在含義是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義。如: The Chinese are hard-working.
(1) 表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Three years is short time.
(2) 由and ,both…and…連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如果and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: The painter and the writer have come to our school. The painter and writer has come to our school .
(3)“the+形容詞”表示一類人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示抽象概念或事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: The old are looked after well in our country.
(4) people, police, youth 等集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但family, class, group, team, 等集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),若指一個(gè)整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若指具體成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: My family all like watching TV.
(5) 有些以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式,如news, physics, politics 等。如: (2011 德陽(yáng)) ——Physics is more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? ——Yes, I think so.
三、就遠(yuǎn)原則
就遠(yuǎn)原則即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)由前面的主語(yǔ)決定。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like 等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞數(shù)由前面的主語(yǔ)決定。如: The student with his parents is at home.
四、就近原則
就近原則即連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟它靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。在there be…句型中以及由neither…nor… , either …or… , not only…but also… , not …but…等連詞連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟它靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。如: Neither you nor she likes watching TV. There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
直擊中考
選擇題
1. (2008 瀘州中考) My nameLucy. May I know your name?
A. am B. is C. are
【解析】選B。my name做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
2. (2008 漳州中考)——Whats on the table?
——some bread on it.
A. There isB. There are C. We are D. They are
【解析】選A??疾閠here be——結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致。題中的some bread是不可數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故選A。
3. (2009 河北中考) The news very interesting! Tell me more!
A. is B. are C. wereD. was
【解析】選A。news意為“新聞”,是不可數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要單數(shù)形式,先排除B、C二項(xiàng);另結(jié)合后句“Tell me more!”可知這里要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故舍D選A。
4. (2009 德州中考) Either Eve or Herb been invited by Lucys parents already.
A. have B. has C. was D. were
【解析】選B。either … or …連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與or后面的名詞或代詞保持一致。由關(guān)鍵詞Herb可知用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式,先排除A、D二項(xiàng);另由been invited可知這里是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故舍D選B。
5. (2009 深圳中考) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?
-Either OK, but I prefer coffee milk.
A. is; has B. are; withC. is; with D. are; has
【解析】選C。either是不定代詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,先排除B、D;另結(jié)合題中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞prefer可舍A選C。
6. (2009 宿遷中考) –What the number of the students in your school?
–About two thousand. A number of them from England.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; isD. are; are
【解析】選A。the number of…意為“……的數(shù)量”, 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;而a number of意為“許多”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。由關(guān)鍵信息the number of和a number of可知第一個(gè)空用單數(shù),第二個(gè)空用復(fù)數(shù),故正確答案為A。
7. (2009 廣東中考) Everyone except Tom and John seen the film.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
【解析】選B。everyone在句中做主語(yǔ),而except Tom and John是介詞短語(yǔ),作everyone的后置定語(yǔ),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,先排除C、D二項(xiàng);另結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞seen可知這里是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故舍A選B。
8. (2010 甘肅) I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam easy.
A. three fourths; is B. third four; are C. three fourths; are D. third four; are
【解析】選C。使用分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí), 分子用基數(shù)詞, 分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于一,分母加s,同時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于前面的主語(yǔ)。故選C。
9. (2010 廣東) Robert with his two kids to the beach for vacation every year.
A. goB. goes C. went D. are going
【解析】選B。主語(yǔ)部分有with his two kids 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由前面的主語(yǔ)決定(即就遠(yuǎn)原則)。故選B。
10. (2012 綿羊) I began watching here an hour ago, but now nothing yet.
A. happens B. will happen C. happened D. has happened
【解析】選D。從yet看出用完成時(shí), nothing做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選D。
總之,我們平時(shí)要善于將學(xué)過的知識(shí)點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類歸納梳理,對(duì)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)有好大幫助。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]新課標(biāo)中考寶典:廣東專用版. 英語(yǔ)/《新課標(biāo)中考寶典》編寫組編.主編:余祖正—— 廣州:世界圖書出版廣東有限公司,2012.10
[2]廣東中考全程總復(fù)習(xí). 英語(yǔ)/魏春紅,謝燕玫主編.—— 西安:陜西師范大學(xué)出版總社有限公司,2012.9(粵考王)