馬瑾 張卓 王建承
·論著·
沉默ABCC4基因表達(dá)對(duì)人胰腺癌PANC1、BxPC-3細(xì)胞增殖的影響
馬瑾 張卓 王建承
目的檢測(cè)ABCC4基因沉默后對(duì)人胰腺癌PANC1、BxPC-3細(xì)胞增殖及細(xì)胞周期的影響。方法構(gòu)建插入靶向ABCC4的shRNA片段的重組慢病毒載體,感染人胰腺癌細(xì)胞株P(guān)ANC1和BxPC-3。采用實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR法和蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測(cè)感染細(xì)胞的ABCC4 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá),克隆形成實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定感染細(xì)胞形成的克隆數(shù),流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)感染細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期。結(jié)果成功構(gòu)建了插入靶向ABCC4的shRNA片段的重組慢病毒載體。重組慢病毒感染PANC1及BxPC-3細(xì)胞后,細(xì)胞ABCC4 mRNA表達(dá)被抑制(0.28±0.01比1.00±0.03,0.22±0.02比1.00±0.03,P值均<0.05);ABCC4蛋白表達(dá)亦顯著下調(diào);感染的PANC1細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)量顯著減少(4比65,P<0.05);細(xì)胞周期阻滯在G1期[(54.98±1.78)%比(42.93±0.88)%,(68.55±0.75)%比(54.76±0.29)%]。結(jié)論沉默人胰腺癌PANC1和BxPC-3細(xì)胞的ABCC4基因表達(dá)可顯著抑制癌細(xì)胞的增殖,使細(xì)胞阻滯于G1期。
胰腺腫瘤; ABCC4; 細(xì)胞增殖; RNA干擾; 慢病毒感染
ABCC4(ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4)又稱MRP4(multi-drug resistance-associ-ated protein 4),是Cole等在研究小細(xì)胞肺癌過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的耐藥基因家族[1]。人類的ABCC4定位于染色體13q32,轉(zhuǎn)錄編碼該家族中分子量最小的蛋白。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[2],ABCC4參與多種細(xì)胞對(duì)核苷酸類似物如6-巰基嘌呤及硫鳥嘌呤等抗腫瘤藥物的耐藥。然而,有關(guān)ABCC4基因在胰腺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程中對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖、浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移所起的作用尚未見報(bào)道。本研究應(yīng)用RNA干擾技術(shù)將靶向ABCC4的干擾片段通過(guò)慢病毒載體感染胰腺癌PANC1及BxPC-3細(xì)胞,觀察感染后細(xì)胞的增殖及細(xì)胞周期的變化。
一、慢病毒載體的構(gòu)建和人胰腺癌細(xì)胞的感染
針對(duì)ABCC4基因設(shè)計(jì)靶向ABCC4的shRNA(ABCC4-shRNA)和陰性對(duì)照的shRNA-C。ABCC4-shRNA序列為5′-CTAGCCCGGGCACTCATTAAA-TCACAAGAACTCGAGTTCTTGTGATTTAATGAGTGC-TTTTTTGTTAAT-3′,siRNA-C序列為5′-CTAGCC-CGGTTCTCCGAACGTGTCACGTATCTCGAGATACGT-GACACGTTCGGAGAATTTTTTTAAT-3′。兩端分別添加了Age I和EcoR I酶切位點(diǎn),由上海吉瑪生物有限公司設(shè)計(jì)合成。慢病毒載體PGCSIL-GFP購(gòu)自中國(guó)上海吉?jiǎng)P公司。通過(guò)酶切慢病毒載體與shRNA連接,構(gòu)建重組慢病毒載體。重組慢病毒通過(guò)慢病毒包裝質(zhì)粒共同感染HEK 293T細(xì)胞,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。收集和濃縮培養(yǎng)上清液,獲得含有ABCC4-shRNA或shRNA-C的重組慢病毒。
人胰腺癌細(xì)胞系PANC1及BxPC-3購(gòu)自中科院上海生命科學(xué)院細(xì)胞資源中心,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)、傳代。按104個(gè)細(xì)胞密度接種于6孔板,培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜。采用Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen公司)將重組病毒感染胰腺癌細(xì)胞(感染復(fù)數(shù)為10),按說(shuō)明書操作,以未感染慢病毒的細(xì)胞作為對(duì)照。
二、實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR
收集各組感染后培養(yǎng)5 d的胰腺癌細(xì)胞,采用Trizol(Invitrogen公司)抽提細(xì)胞總RNA,取1 μg RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SYBR Green RT-PCR試劑盒(Takara公司)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞ABCCR mRNA的表達(dá),按說(shuō)明書操作。PCR反應(yīng)條件:95℃ 15 s,95℃ 5 s、60℃ 30 s,45個(gè)循環(huán)。通過(guò)PCR儀自帶軟件讀取原始Ct值,采用2-△△Ct公式計(jì)算mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
三、蛋白質(zhì)印跡法
收集各組慢病毒感染7 d的胰腺癌細(xì)胞,采用細(xì)胞裂解液裂解細(xì)胞,離心取上清液,測(cè)蛋白濃度后,常規(guī)行蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測(cè)ABCC4蛋白,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參。羊抗人ABCC4多抗購(gòu)自美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司。ECL+plusTM Western blotting system試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)Pierce Chemical公司,按說(shuō)明書操作。
四、四甲基偶氮唑藍(lán)(MTT)法
取各組對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期慢病毒感染5 d的PANC1細(xì)胞制成細(xì)胞懸液,以每孔4×103個(gè)細(xì)胞密度接種于96孔板分別培養(yǎng)1、2、3、4、5 d。每孔加入20 μl 5 mg/ml的MTT,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)4 h,吸去培養(yǎng)液,加100 μl DMSO終止反應(yīng),振蕩10 min,上酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)各孔570 nm處的吸光度(A570)值,繪制細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
五、克隆形成實(shí)驗(yàn)
取各組對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期慢病毒感染5 d的細(xì)胞,于6孔培養(yǎng)板中各加入300個(gè)細(xì)胞,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。培養(yǎng)2周后用多聚甲醛1 ml固定細(xì)胞60 min,Giemsa液500 μl染色細(xì)胞20 min,雙氧水清洗,熒光顯微鏡下觀察克隆形成情況。
六、細(xì)胞周期檢測(cè)
取各組對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期慢病毒感染5 d的細(xì)胞,用預(yù)冷的PBS洗滌液清洗2次,加900 μl預(yù)冷的70%乙醇4℃固定過(guò)夜,加入碘化丙錠(PI)染色,300目的篩網(wǎng)過(guò)濾,上流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期。
七、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、胰腺癌細(xì)胞ABCC4基因表達(dá)量的變化
約90%的慢病毒感染5 d的PANC1或BxPC-3細(xì)胞在熒光顯微鏡下均表達(dá)綠色熒光蛋白(GFP),表明慢病毒的感染率達(dá)到90%以上(圖1)。感染ABCC4-shRNA重組慢病毒[RNAi(+)]的PANC1及BxPC-1細(xì)胞的ABCC4 mRNA表達(dá)量分別為0.28±0.01和0.22±0.02,而感染shRNA-C重組慢病毒[RNAi(-)]的PANC1及BxPC-1細(xì)胞的ABCC4 mRNA表達(dá)量分別為1.00±0.03和1.00±0.03,RNAi(+)細(xì)胞較RNAi(-)細(xì)胞的表達(dá)量顯著下調(diào)(P值均<0.05);RNAi(+)的PANC1和BxPC-1細(xì)胞ABCC4蛋白表達(dá)亦較RNAi(-)的相應(yīng)細(xì)胞顯著下調(diào)(圖2)。
圖1慢病毒感染的胰腺癌PANC1(a、b)和BxPC-1(c、d)細(xì)胞(a、c:白光視野,b、d:綠色熒光視野 ×100)
1:RNAi(-);2:RNAi(+)
圖2感染重組慢病毒的PANC1(a)、BxPC-3(b)細(xì)胞的ABCC4蛋白表達(dá)
二、胰腺癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線的變化
RNAi(+)的PANC1、BxPC-3細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)曲線均較RNAi(-)的相應(yīng)細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)曲線低而平(圖3)。
圖3感染重組慢病毒的PANC1(a)、BxPC-3(b)細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)曲線
三、胰腺癌PANC1細(xì)胞克隆形成能力的變化
RNAi(+)及RNAi(-)的PANC1細(xì)胞的克隆形成數(shù)量分別為4個(gè)和65個(gè),RNAi(+)的PANC1細(xì)胞克隆形成數(shù)顯著減少(P<0.05,圖4)。
四、胰腺癌細(xì)胞周期的變化
RNAi(+)的PANC1和BxPC-3細(xì)胞的G1期細(xì)胞數(shù)較RNAi(-)的相應(yīng)細(xì)胞顯著增加,而S期細(xì)胞數(shù)顯著減少,提示ABCC4基因沉默后胰腺癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)阻滯于G1期(圖5,表1)。
圖4 形成的PANC1細(xì)胞克隆
圖5 感染重組慢病毒的PANC1、BxPC-3細(xì)胞的周期變化
細(xì)胞細(xì)胞數(shù)G1SG2/MPANC1RNAi(-)42.93±0.8837.66±1.4219.42±0.7RNAi(+)54.98±1.7822.24±5.2122.78±3.44BxPC-3RNAi(-)54.76±0.2939.27±1.795.97±1.25RNAi(+)68.55±0.7520.78±3.0810.67±2.39
目前, ATP結(jié)合蛋白超家族已經(jīng)擁有了13個(gè)成員。研究結(jié)果顯示,ABCC4在肺癌、腎癌、膀胱癌、結(jié)腸癌和前列腺癌中均有不同程度的高表達(dá)。在神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤中,ABCC4的高表達(dá)與腫瘤的預(yù)后呈顯著的正相關(guān)。ABCC4的高表達(dá)與多種實(shí)體瘤對(duì)藥物及其結(jié)合代謝產(chǎn)物、鉑類化合物、葉酸抗代謝物、腺苷及腺苷類似物的耐藥有關(guān)[3]。在胰腺癌中,ABCC4被證實(shí)可以影響癌細(xì)胞對(duì)5-FU藥物的敏感性,在5-FU耐藥細(xì)胞中特異性表達(dá)上調(diào)[4-5]。
本研究利用RNA干擾技術(shù),成功構(gòu)建了插入靶向ABCC4的shRNA片段的重組慢病毒載體,感染人胰腺癌細(xì)胞株P(guān)ANC1和BxPC-3后可沉默ABCC4基因的表達(dá)。研究結(jié)果顯示,ABCC4基因表達(dá)沉默后的PANC1和BxPC-3細(xì)胞的增殖被顯著抑制,克隆形成能力極弱,推測(cè)ABCC4可能是一個(gè)促癌基因。通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)胞周期的檢測(cè),PANC1和BxPC-3細(xì)胞的增殖被阻滯在G1期,也就是細(xì)胞DNA合成期,進(jìn)一步表明下調(diào)ABCC4的表達(dá)可使人胰腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖得到明顯抑制,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[6-7]。
但ABCC4基因的表達(dá)在腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展的過(guò)程中所起的促增殖作用的具體分子機(jī)制目前還不是十分明確,這需要進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究予以探討和證實(shí)。
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EffectofABCC4genesilencingoncellproliferationandcellcycleinhumanpancreaticcancercelllinesPANC1andBxPC-3
MAJin,ZHANGZhou,WANGJian-cheng.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,RuijinHospitalLuwanBranch,ShanghaiJiao-TongUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Shanghai200020,China
Correspondingauthor:WANGJian-cheng,Email:jiancheng_wang@hotmail.com
ObjectiveTo determine the effect of ABCC4 gene silencing on cell proliferation and cell cycle in human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC1 and BxPC-3.MethodsPANC1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells were transfected with a lentivirus expressing an ABCC4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). ABCC4 mRNA and protein expression of transfected cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, colony formation ability was measured by colony assay, and cell cycle change was investigated by the flow cytometric analysis.ResultsLentivirus expressing an ABCC4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was successfully established. After transfection with shRNA lentivirus, ABCC4 mRNA and protein expression were significantly inhibited (0.28±0.01vs1.00±0.03, 0.22±0.02vs1.00±0.03,P<0.05). Colony formation ability was significantly decreased (4vs65,P<0.05), and cell cycle was significantly blocked at G1phase [(54.98±1.78)%vs(42.93±0.88)%, (68.55±0.75)%vs(54.76±0.29)%].ConclusionsABCC4 gene silencing can significantly inhibit cell proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC1 and BxPC-3, and block the cells at G1phase.
Pancreatic neoplasms; ABCC4; Cell, proliferation; RNA interference; Lentivirus infections
2012-12-12)
(本文編輯:呂芳萍)
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2013.04.011
200020 上海,上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院盧灣分院消化內(nèi)科(馬瑾);上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院普外科(張卓、王建承)
王建承,Email: jiancheng_wang@hotmail.com