標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化從石頭開始

Standardization Starting from the Stone

“沒有規(guī)矩，不成方圓”。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化以建立最佳秩序?yàn)槟康?，總結(jié)提煉科學(xué)、技術(shù)的綜合成果，規(guī)范人類的生產(chǎn)生活，具有簡化、統(tǒng)一、通用、互換等特點(diǎn)。

基于敬畏人類社會發(fā)展進(jìn)程中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化默默無聞的貢獻(xiàn)，在對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文化建設(shè)的思考探索中，上海市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院（SIS）首次嘗試以藝術(shù)的方式展示標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的作用與意義。通過選取國內(nèi)外政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化等眾多領(lǐng)域人們耳熟能詳?shù)娜宋锱c事件，以時間為序，精心策劃設(shè)計“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化浮雕墻”。

2013年，《質(zhì)量與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化》雜志開辟“畫中有話”欄目，以SIS“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化浮雕墻”為腳本，通過12幅躍然紙面的圖畫，講述12個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的故事，每月連載，詮釋人類文明和社會進(jìn)步歷程中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的作用和意義。

這是一次理性思維與感性創(chuàng)作的碰撞和交融，期望此欄目成為質(zhì)量與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作者品味共鳴、研討交流的園地。敬請關(guān)注！

原始社會Primitive Society勞動工具Working Tools標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化思想萌芽Embryonic Standardization Thought

——《中國舊石器時代考古》

"Against the surface of a piece of glass or flint, when striking from a right angle,a solid cone would appear.The apex or vertex of the cone would be right on the hit point.This cone is called Hertzian Cone."

——Paleolithic Archaeology of China

自1797年，在英國首次發(fā)現(xiàn)人類史前石制工具以來，盡管迄今仍難以找出兩塊形制完全相同的石器，但人們在研究各地出土石器、復(fù)原其制作方法后發(fā)現(xiàn)，石器是古人不自覺運(yùn)用赫茲錐體原理制作的用具，并且同一個歷史時期或者同一個地區(qū)的古人類，在石器制作上一般都擁有一個較為穩(wěn)定的技術(shù)模式，顯示出“正向加工”等一系列規(guī)范的制作方式。

Since 1797,when prehistoric stone tools was found for the first time in the United Kingdom,although so far it had still been difficult to find exactly identical stone tools,people found that stone tools had been made by primitive people with unconscious application of Hertzian Cone principle, after researching stone tools excavated from variousregionsandrecoveringtheirproduction method.What's more,primitive people in the same historical period or within a same region usually share a relatively steady pattern when making stone tools,indicating a series of standardized production modes of

同時人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)古人類制作石器的目的具有高度的一致性，即通過打擊等手段使巖石等具備三個功能要素——刃部、尖端等直接作用要素；大小、重量等間接作用要素；裝柄、保護(hù)手等必要的補(bǔ)充要素。恰恰是這三個要素滿足了古人類加強(qiáng)手的功能和力量以及提高效率的要求。

Meanwhile,people also found that primitive people had a high degree of consistency in the aims of making stone tools,which were to make the rock qualified with three functional elements by striking:direct functional elements such as the cutter edge and the pointed end,indirect functional elements such as size and weight,essential supplementary elements such as mounted handle and hand protection.The above-mentioned three elements had precisely satisfied the requirements of primitive people by strengthening the hand function and strength,as well as improving efficiency.

正如李春田老師所指出的，“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的作用是規(guī)范人們的行為，使之盡量符合客觀的自然規(guī)律和技術(shù)法則，其目的是要建立起有利于社會發(fā)展的技術(shù)秩序。”毫無疑問，原始社會勞動工具的制作發(fā)展，孕育著人類最樸素的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化思想萌芽。

As Mr.Li Chuntian said,"The role of standards is to regulate people's behavior to meet as far as possible the objective nature laws and technology principles,aiming at establishing a technical order conducive to social development."Undoubtedly, the development of the production of working tools in primitive society had gestated the embryonic standardization thought of human kind.

（支持單位：上海市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院）