洪柱河,陳潤蓮,謝天心
【摘 要】目的:了解新羅區(qū)2008—2012年登記肺結(jié)核來源情況,為有效在發(fā)現(xiàn)病例并對不同人群的預(yù)防控制措施分析相應(yīng)對策。方法:收集新羅區(qū)2008—2012年活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核病各種登記本、結(jié)核病管理信息系統(tǒng)常規(guī)監(jiān)測報(bào)表(定時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì))等有關(guān)資料。按照《中國結(jié)核病防治規(guī)劃實(shí)施工作指南》等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果:新羅區(qū)2008—2012年共登記肺結(jié)核病例1527例,其中來源于轉(zhuǎn)診746例,占48.85%,因癥就診者362例,占23.71%,追蹤290例占18.99%,因癥就診者、轉(zhuǎn)診和追蹤共1398例,占91.55%。農(nóng)民591例,占了38.70%,民工和工人381例,占了24.96%。男性明顯多于女性,男女性別比約為3∶1,35歲以上同年齡組男性患者所占比率明顯多于女性患者。青中壯年25歲~54歲病例為807例,占了52.85%。結(jié)論:非結(jié)防機(jī)構(gòu)已成為發(fā)現(xiàn)肺結(jié)核的主要場所,抓好非結(jié)防機(jī)構(gòu)報(bào)告肺結(jié)核患者的轉(zhuǎn)診,使患者到結(jié)防機(jī)構(gòu)就診,成為結(jié)核病防治工作的關(guān)鍵。肺結(jié)核主要集中在農(nóng)民、民工和工人,因此需要社會(huì)補(bǔ)償以便更好地發(fā)現(xiàn)和治愈疾病。男性肺結(jié)核應(yīng)作為當(dāng)前結(jié)核病防治工作的重點(diǎn)來關(guān)注。
【關(guān)鍵詞】肺結(jié)核;來源;防控對策:男性青壯年
Analysis of Xinluo district from 2008 to 2012 registered
pulmonary tuberculosis case source
Hong Zhuhe Chen Runlian Xie Tianxin Fujian province Longyan Xinluo District CDC 364000
[Abstracr] Objective: To investigate the Xinluo district from 2008 to 2012 registered pulmonary tuberculosis sources, effective in case finding and analysis of the corresponding countermeasures to prevent the different crowd control. Methods: The Xinluo district from 2008 to 2012 years of active pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis of the various registration management information system of routine monitoring report (timing statistics) and other relevant information. Statistical analysis was performed according to "Chinese tuberculosis control program implementation guide" and other standards. Results: from 2008 to 2012 in Xinluo District registered a total of 1527 cases ofTB cases, which originates from the referral in 746 cases, accounting for 48.85% of the 362 patients, disease treatment, accounted for 23.71%, followed 290 cases accounted for 18.99%, because the disease patients, referral and follow-up of 1398 cases, accounting for 91.55%. 591 cases were farmers, migrant workers and workers accounted for 38.70%, 381 cases, accounted for 24.96%. The male was more than female, male and female sex ratio was 3 ∶ 1, above 35 years old age group with the ratio of male patients was more than female patients. Young adults aged 25 to 54 years old were 807 cases, accounted for 52.85%. Conclusion: non tuberculosis organs have been found main place of pulmonary tuberculosis, do a good job of non-TB institutions report of tuberculosis patients referral, enable patients to TB institutions for treatment, become the key of tuberculosis prevention and control work. Pulmonary tuberculosis mainly focus on farmers, migrant workers and workers, and to the social compensation in order to better detect and cure disease. Male pulmonary tuberculosis should be the focus of the current tuberculosis prevention and control work to pay attention to.
[Key words] Tuberculosis; Source; Prevention and control countermeasures: male youths
結(jié)核病的發(fā)現(xiàn)與治療管理工作是制約我國結(jié)核病防治規(guī)劃有效實(shí)施的重要因素,成為結(jié)核病控制工作的難點(diǎn)之一。現(xiàn)就福建省龍巖市新羅區(qū)2008到2012年共5年結(jié)核病門診登記肺結(jié)核病來源情況進(jìn)行分析,探討早期發(fā)現(xiàn)病例并有效地預(yù)防肺結(jié)核的可行措施。
1對象與方法
1.1一般資料 資料來源于新羅區(qū)2008—2012年活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核病各種登記本、結(jié)核病管理信息系統(tǒng)常規(guī)監(jiān)測報(bào)表(定時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì))等有關(guān)資料。
1.2方法 按照《中國結(jié)核病防治規(guī)劃實(shí)施工作指南》等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。根據(jù)來源情況探討肺結(jié)核的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)與可行防控措施。
2結(jié)果
新羅區(qū)2008—2012年共登記肺結(jié)核病例1527例,其中來源于轉(zhuǎn)診746例,占48.85%,因癥就診者362例,占23.71%,追蹤290例占18.99%,因癥就診者、轉(zhuǎn)診和追蹤共1398例,占91.55%。見表1。
新羅區(qū)是福建的山區(qū)和礦區(qū),病例有農(nóng)民591例,占了38.70%,民工和工人381例,占了24.96%。見表2。
登記病例中,男性明顯多于女性,男女性別比約為3︰1,35歲以上同年齡組男性患者所占比率明顯多于女性患者。青中壯年25歲~54歲病例為807例,占了52.85%。見表3。
3討論
3.1 轉(zhuǎn)診、追蹤、因癥推薦到位并診斷為活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核1002例,占67.84%,說明非結(jié)防機(jī)構(gòu)已成為發(fā)現(xiàn)肺結(jié)核的主要場所,抓好非結(jié)防機(jī)構(gòu)報(bào)告肺結(jié)核患者的轉(zhuǎn)診,使患者到結(jié)防機(jī)構(gòu)就診,成為結(jié)核病防治工作的關(guān)鍵,是提高病人發(fā)現(xiàn)的有效方法。
3.2 在2008—2012年新羅區(qū)例登記結(jié)核病例中農(nóng)民591例,占了38.70%,民工和工人381例,占24.96%,說明病例集中在農(nóng)村和體力勞動(dòng)者中,尤其是偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)、農(nóng)村不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)及打工人群。這就告訴我們絕大多數(shù)病人仍在人群中,這或許是我國結(jié)核病呈上升趨勢,居各類傳染病之前的原因。因此需要采取得力措施,把人群中的肺結(jié)核患者盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)出來,合理安排醫(yī)務(wù)人員主動(dòng)到人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)病人。可以到偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村、礦山和流動(dòng)人口較多的工廠做健康篩查。加強(qiáng)對外來務(wù)工人員的肺結(jié)核健康宣教和管理,對遏制肺結(jié)核疫情在本區(qū)的流行極其重要。
3.3 從登記肺結(jié)核病例分析來看,男性明顯多于女性(3︰1),35歲以上病例數(shù),明顯多于35歲以下各年齡組,說明多數(shù)結(jié)核病人集中于男性青壯年,該人群男性作為家庭主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱,收入低下,生活壓力大,會(huì)導(dǎo)致生理、心理不健康以及吸煙、過量飲酒等,這些導(dǎo)致容易感染肺結(jié)核。該人群為主要社會(huì)勞動(dòng)力,社會(huì)活動(dòng)較多,流動(dòng)性大,感染機(jī)會(huì)多,作為傳染源對于社會(huì)危害性較大,因此男性青壯年應(yīng)作為當(dāng)前結(jié)核病防治工作的重點(diǎn)來關(guān)注。
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