吳濤

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯

1. cure （P.34， Unit 3）

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） cure n. 治療，療法；痊愈 Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds.

2） cure vt. 治愈 I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder.

【拓展】 cure與treat的區(qū)別：用作動(dòng)詞，兩者都可表示“治療”，但含義有區(qū)別：cure通常強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，指治愈某種疾病或某人的疾??；而treat則通常強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，指對(duì)病人進(jìn)行診斷和治療，但不含治好的意思，例如：This medicine will cure your cough. The dentist is treating my teeth. 其實(shí)cure和treat所搭配的介詞也不同，例如：The doctors cured her of cancer.

Which doctor is treating you for your illness？

短語：beyond cure不可救藥

2. conclude （P.41， Unit 3）

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） 表示“結(jié)束”，可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，表示以某種方式結(jié)束，通常與介詞with， by等連用。例如：To conclude， I wish you all good health and a long life.

2） 表示“斷定”或“推出”，是及物動(dòng)詞，但通常只接that從句或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（且不定式只能是to be型）作賓語，通常不接簡單賓語，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer.

3） 表示“決定”，其后通常接不定式或 that 從句。例如：

We concluded to wait for fair weather. / We concluded that we would wait for fair weather.

4） 期刊雜志等在連載文章時(shí)，表示“待續(xù)”用 to be continued， 表示“下期續(xù)完”用 to be concluded，表示“全部載完”則通常用 concluded。

【拓展】

conclude的名詞是conclusion，其短語有：arrive at a conclusion=come to a conclusion=draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論；in conclusion 總而言之；最后；to conclude最后一句話

3. additional （P.41， Unit 3）

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 另外的， 附加的，額外的It will take an additional week to complete the task.

【拓展】 1） additional的名詞addition加；附加。Our baby brother is an addition to our family.

詞組：in addition to除此以外，另外

2） additional的動(dòng)詞add所構(gòu)成的短語：

① add to 增加，加強(qiáng)The bad weather added to our difficulties.

② add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)，總共是；等于；意味著，看來實(shí)際是……；總起來說

All his school education added up to no more than one year.

③ add up 加起來，總計(jì) At the exits polite assistants will take the goods and add up the cost.

④ add...to把……加到…… There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. （2006年北京卷）

4. promote （p.43， Unit 3）

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. ① 提升，提拔Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.

② 宣傳，推銷（商品）Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？

③ 促進(jìn)，發(fā)揚(yáng)We should promote world peace.

【拓展】 promote的形容詞：promotable；名詞：promotion / promoter；動(dòng)詞過去式：promoted；過去分詞：promoted；現(xiàn)在分詞：promoting

5. involve （P.50， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. ① 卷，裹；包圍，圍住Fog involved the village.

② 使專注，使忙于 （后面常跟介詞in連用） I was involved in a research project.

③ 與……直接有關(guān)This problem is closely involved with the management of the company.

【拓展】 involve的名詞是involvement 牽連，參與；加入；財(cái)政困難；牽連的事務(wù)

My personal involvement with him and his family is deep.

Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013福建卷24）

A. enjoys B. involves

C. practices D. suggests

【答案】 B。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“喜歡”；B項(xiàng)“需要，包含”；C項(xiàng)“練習(xí)”；D項(xiàng)“建議；暗示”。句意為：Michelle找到一份高中教師的工作，需要花很多時(shí)間與學(xué)生在一起。故答案選B。

6. assess （P.50， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt. ① （為征稅） 估定 （財(cái)產(chǎn)）的價(jià)值 （后面常接介詞at）

This is the house assessed at two million dollars.

② 確定 （稅、罰款、賠償金等） 的金額

After the accident the damage was assessed at ￡5 billion.

③ 對(duì)……進(jìn)行估價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)

Her needs were assessed at 3000 yuan a month.

【拓展】 assess的名詞assessment 例如：Assessment is changing for many reasons.

7. suspect （P.51， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】 vt.“懷疑”，后接sth. / sb. of （doing） sth. / that從句 / sb. to be...。例如：

He suspected a plot against his life.

I suspect that he is a thief.=I suspect him to be a thief.

She suspected him of taking her money.

8. considerate （P.59， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】 adj. 體貼的，體諒的；深思熟慮的；慎重

It was very considerate of you to send me a birthday card.

【拓展1】 considerable， considerate的區(qū)別和用法：

considerable， considerate這是一對(duì)形近易混的一組形容詞。

considerable相當(dāng)大的，相當(dāng)多的

He has been ill for a considerable time.

considerate 考慮周到的，體貼的，后面常跟of結(jié)構(gòu)。

She is always considerate of others； she is kind and sympathetic.

【拓展2】 consider vt.主要有以下四種用法：

1） 作“思考”、“考慮”（= think about） 解，后面可接動(dòng)名詞，由“how， what等 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”或者從句作賓語。但要特別注意：consider后面不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。例如：

They are considering going to Nanjing for the Spring Festival.

Have you considered how to get there？

2） consider 還可作“顧慮到”、“顧及”、“體諒” （= take into account） 解。這時(shí)其后用名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如：All of you should consider the feelings of other people.

3） 作“認(rèn)為”、“以為”、“覺得”（=be of the opinion， regard as） 解時(shí)，后面多接賓語從句，這時(shí)一般不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。例如：

I consider that he is fit for the position of the manager.

consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，后面還可以接一個(gè)賓語和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，但這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不定式主要是“to be+名詞 / 形容詞”；有時(shí)也可以是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，不過這種不定式多用完成時(shí)。例如：They consider Jim （as / to be） their best class teacher.

I consider her to have done wonderfully in the final exam.

注：consider作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)，后面偶爾也出現(xiàn)接不定式作賓語的情況，不過這時(shí)大都用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語后移。例如：

Do you consider it wise to interfere？ 你覺得干預(yù)是明智的嗎？

4） 固定結(jié)構(gòu)“consider... as / to be + 名詞 / 形容詞”多側(cè)重于表示經(jīng)過思考“認(rèn)為……是……”。例如：We consider his suggestion as having possibilities.

【拓展3】 considering當(dāng)介詞和連詞用，表示：就……而論，照……說來，鑒于；考慮到

He is strong considering his age.

8. import （P.63， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】 1） vt. 進(jìn)口，輸入；引進(jìn)

Many countries import wool from Australia.

2） n. ① 進(jìn)口，輸入Some of the long words in English dictionaries are imports from other languages.

② 進(jìn)口商品Electronic products are the major import from Japan.

③ 意義，含義The import of his remarks was that we should work harder.

④ 重要性，重大This is a question of great import.

【拓展】 import的反義詞：export 出口，輸出；傳播，輸出（思想或活動(dòng)）

English has been newly exported to that area.

二、常用短語

1. burst （P.34， Unit3）

【點(diǎn)撥】

1） be bursting to do sth. 急于要做某事。He was bursting to tell her the news.

2） burst forth 突然出現(xiàn)，突然爆發(fā)出，突然喊出。Flames burst forth from the ceiling.

3） burst into

① 突然闖入Two masked men burst into the school.

② 突然……起來She burst into tears / laughter=burst out crying / laughing.

4） burst out

① 大聲叫喊 “I dont believe that”，he burst out.注：這樣用的 burst out 與 burst forth 同義。

② 突然……起來She burst out crying / laughing.注：這樣用的 burst out 后通常接動(dòng)名詞。

2. die （P.34， Unit 3）

【點(diǎn)撥】

1） die from 死于……，因……而死He died from a heart attack.

2） die of 死于……，因……而死The animals died of starvation in the snow.

【拓展】

關(guān)于 die from 與 die of 的區(qū)別：若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)，一般用介詞 of；若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上，而是由環(huán)境造成的，則一般用介詞 from。

3） be dying for sth. （to do sth.） 迫切想要（做）某事She is dying to be thin.

4） die away （聲音、風(fēng)、光線等） 漸息，漸弱The noise of the motorcar died away.

5） die down （慢慢） 熄滅，平靜下來After the excitement of the audience died down， the speaker restarted his speech.

Though the wind ， the rain remains steady， so you still need a raincoat.（2006年湖北卷）

A. turned up B. gone back

C. died down D. blown out

【答案】 C。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。die down（火焰、風(fēng)暴、疼痛）等減弱、減低，覺察不到。

6） die off 一個(gè)一個(gè)地死去 （= die one by one）。

As the widow was still middleaged， her relatives all died off.

7） die out （家族、種族、習(xí)俗、觀念等）滅絕，絕跡。Many old customs are dying out.

3. devote （P.35， Unit 3）

【點(diǎn)撥】

1） devote sth. to （doing） sth. 把時(shí)間 （錢，精力等）獻(xiàn)給某事物

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

2） devote oneself to sb. （doing sth.）

① 獻(xiàn)身于或致力于（做）某事After graduation he continued to devote himself to research.

② 專用于He devoted all his time to his job.

③ 喜歡，熱愛She devoted herself to tabletennis in her teens.

3） be devoted to sb. （doing sth.）

① 致力于，獻(xiàn)身于The students are devoted to their studies.

② 專用于This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage.

③ 喜歡，疼愛The couple were devoted to each other.

4. the key to sth. or doing sth. （P.51， Unit 4）

the key to the bike 自行車鑰匙； the answer to Exercise One 練習(xí)一的答案

a secretary to the managing director 總經(jīng)理的秘書；the words to a tune 一致的言語

the entrance to the park 通向公園的入口；the way to my home 通向我家的路

the only access to the library 到圖書館的唯一通路

5. break （P.62， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】

1） break away （from）

① 突然逃掉或離開The thief broke away from the policeman.

② 斷絕往來，脫離He broke away from all his old friends.

③ 改掉（舊習(xí)慣），破除 （舊作法）You must break away from such old habits.

2） break down

① （機(jī)器、車輛等） 壞了My car broke down after an hours driving.

② （計(jì)劃、談判等） 失敗Their plans have broken down.

③ （談話、通訊等） 中斷He broke down as he was calling.

④ （健康、精神等） 變壞Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks in disasters.（2013年福建卷28）

A. turn down B. turn out

C. break down D. break out

【答案】 C。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A項(xiàng)“調(diào)小，拒絕”，B項(xiàng)“結(jié)果證明……”，C項(xiàng)“出故障，分解”，D項(xiàng)“爆發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)發(fā)生災(zāi)難無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)無法用的時(shí)候，老式的電話就有作用了。故答案為C。

He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead， because the airconditioning system . （2012陜西卷19）

A. broke in B. broke up

C. broke out D. broke down

【答案】 D。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。break in打斷；闖入；開始工作；break up結(jié)束，散開；分解；break out爆發(fā)；break down崩潰，垮掉；出毛?。粧佸^。題干意思是：他時(shí)不時(shí)地停下來擦去額頭的汗水，因?yàn)榭照{(diào)出毛病了。選D。

3） break in

① 突然進(jìn)來，強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入He broke in and stole her jewels.

② 插嘴，打岔Please dont break in on our conversation.

4） break into

① 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入The thieves planned to break into a bank.

② 突然……起來The man broke into a run when he saw the police.

③ 打斷，插嘴He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning.

④ 占用時(shí)間Social activities break into my time.

【拓展1】

break into 與 break in 有時(shí)可表示相同的意思，但前者通常為及物的，后者通常為不及物的。

5） break off

① 停止講話He broke off in the middle of a sentence.

② 暫停，休息Lets break up for a rest.

③ （使） 折斷The mast has （been） broken off.

6） break out （火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭等） 突然發(fā)生或爆發(fā)The American Civil War broke out in 1860.

【拓展2】

break out是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能帶賓語，也不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

7） break through

① 突破，有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新Scientists are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.

② 克服，征服You must try to break through your shyness.

③ 強(qiáng)行穿過 （進(jìn)入） The enemys defences were strong but our soldiers broke through.

【拓展3】

break through有時(shí)指太陽、月亮等從云層里出來。The sun broke through at last at noon.

8） break up

① 解散，驅(qū)散The police broke up the crowd.

② （學(xué)校等）放假When do you break up for Christmas？

③ 結(jié)束，破裂The weather shows signs of breaking up.

④ 擊碎，撞碎The ship broke up on the rocks.

⑤ 絕交Shes just broken up with her boyfriend.

6. belong to

【點(diǎn)撥】 表示“屬于”The English book belongs to me.

【拓展1】 belong to可引申指“是……的成員”。Do you belong to the tennis club？

【拓展2】 belong to 沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

7. put into effect （P.62， Unit 4）

【點(diǎn)撥】 實(shí)行、實(shí)現(xiàn)、實(shí)施 The new system will soon be put into effect.

【拓展1】 與put into effect 近義詞組：put into practice實(shí)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)

It is time to put into practice the things you have learned.

【拓展2】 put短語歸納：

put aside 存錢；put away 放好，收起來；存錢；put an end to 結(jié)束；put back 把 （鐘） 撥慢；推遲；阻礙；put down 撲滅，平息，鎮(zhèn)壓；放下；put forward 提出；put into 插入；譯成；put off 延期，拖延；put on 上演；穿戴；put on weight 長胖；put out 熄滅，撲滅；伸出，拿出；put sb. to bed 打發(fā)某人睡覺；put sb. to the trouble of 麻煩某人做；put up 掛起，張貼；舉起，抬起；建造，搭起；為某人提供膳宿；put up with 忍受，容

忍；put ones heart into 用心去做

At the last moment， Tom decided to a new character to make the story seem more likely. （2013年全國新課標(biāo)30）

A. put up B. put in

C. put on D. put off

【答案】 B。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)句意，Tom為了使故事看起來更加具有可能性，他決定加入一個(gè)新角色。

You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. （2012年福建卷29）

A. set aside B. take up

C. put away D. give out

【答案】 A。

【解析】 根據(jù)后半句so that you can keep yourself energetic可知上半句應(yīng)該是建議對(duì)方要多留出時(shí)間進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)，set aside留出，撥出；take up占據(jù)，從事；put away收拾好；give out發(fā)出，分發(fā)，根據(jù)句意只能選擇A項(xiàng)。

Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says. （2012年全國卷27）

A. put out B. put down

C. put away D. put together

【答案】 B。

【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。put out熄滅；put down記下，寫下；put away收拾好；put together放在一起。句意：Mary非常擅長在課上記筆記。她能把老師說的每個(gè)詞寫下來。