這篇文章中,人物角色(主要是記者與母親)交換頻繁,聽(tīng)時(shí)要注意辨別,特別是留意不同人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的不同語(yǔ)氣。
Its a common morning ritual, hustling the kids to get ready for school...
Dana Martin: Are you guys getting hungry?
...and parents for work, but as the school bus doors close, the Martin family isnt on it.
The four Martin children, ages 11, 8, 5 and 2 simply dont go to school: never have. They arent home schooled either. Instead theyre whats called“unschooled.”
Dana: Just picture life without school, so maybe a weekend. We wake up and we have breakfast and we just start pursuing what were interested in doing.
Mom, Dana Martin, doesnt think her kids need to go to school to learn their A-B-Cs.
Reporter: Doesnt a child need to know who 1)George Washington and FDR and JFK were?
這是每天早上例行的套路,催促孩子們準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)……
達(dá)納·馬?。耗銈凁I了嗎?
……父母?jìng)円惨獪?zhǔn)備上班??尚\?chē)的車(chē)門(mén)關(guān)上了,馬丁家的孩子卻不在車(chē)上。
馬丁家的四個(gè)孩子,年齡分別是11、8、5和2歲。他們都不上學(xué),從來(lái)都沒(méi)上過(guò)學(xué),他們也不是在家自學(xué)。他們的狀態(tài)是所謂的“反學(xué)校教育”。
達(dá)納:你想象一下不用上學(xué)的生活吧,比如說(shuō)周末。我們?cè)缟闲褋?lái),吃完早餐,就開(kāi)始做我們自己想做的事。
孩子們的母親達(dá)納·馬丁認(rèn)為她的孩子不需要到學(xué)校去學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。
記者:難道孩子不需要知道誰(shuí)是喬治·華盛頓、弗蘭克林·德拉諾·羅斯福和杰克·肯尼迪嗎?
Dana: I dont know. Do you think they do? Do you think thats necessary?
Reporter: Your mom lets you kinda read and study whatever you want?
Devin: Mmm.
Reporter: What about, like, math? Does she ever force you to do math?
Devin: No, not really.
Unschooling is radical enough, but radical unschooling extends the 2)laissez-faire philosophy to parenting. Meals, for example, are up to the kids: whatever they want as long as its in the house.
Dana: And so, because we dont punish, we dont use the term“rules,” but we have a rhythm to our day.
Dad, Joe, works from home building wooden toy sets. In this home, theres no bedtime, no alarm clocks in the morning, so 11-year-old Devin often stays up past midnight.
Reporter: Devin stays up until one oclock in the morning.
Dana: Sometimes, and Im so happy that he does and that he has that time to himself. He can have a nice three, four hours with Joe or just me.
So while kids everywhere are studying history, ...
Voice: In the summer of 1765...
...and geography, ...
Voice: Bering Strait.
...the Martin kids are free to pursue their own intellectual curiosity. Devins baking projects involve measurements and creativity.
Devin: About 8 to 6 cups of flour...
Dana: I just personally dont believe in…that humans learn best when its…when theyre trying to learn something that somebody else is telling them to.
達(dá)納:我也不知道,你覺(jué)得他們應(yīng)該知道嗎?你覺(jué)得真的有必要嗎?
記者:媽媽讓你隨便喜歡看什么就看什么,想學(xué)什么就學(xué)什么嗎?
德溫:對(duì)。
記者:那像數(shù)學(xué)這種呢?她有沒(méi)有逼你學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)?
德溫:沒(méi),沒(méi)怎么逼。
反學(xué)校教育的做法可能很偏激,但在學(xué)習(xí)上的放任自由還進(jìn)一步延伸到父母對(duì)孩子的管教上。舉例說(shuō),用餐也隨孩子的心愿,愛(ài)吃什么都行,只要在家里就可以了。
達(dá)納:還有,因?yàn)槲覀儾粦土P他們,也不會(huì)用“規(guī)矩”這個(gè)詞,可我們的日常生活還是有節(jié)奏的。
當(dāng)父親的喬在家里工作,制作木玩具。在這個(gè)家里,沒(méi)有規(guī)定的睡覺(jué)時(shí)間,早上也不用鬧鐘。所以,11歲的德溫常常過(guò)了午夜才睡。
記者:德溫在凌晨一點(diǎn)才睡覺(jué)。
達(dá)納:有的時(shí)候是這樣。而我也樂(lè)意他這樣做,這樣他會(huì)有屬于自己的時(shí)間。他可以跟喬或者我一起度過(guò)三、四個(gè)小時(shí)的美好時(shí)光。
就這樣,當(dāng)別的孩子都在學(xué)習(xí)歷史……
聲音:在1765年的夏天……
……還有地理……
聲音:白令海峽。
……馬丁家的孩子可以隨意去滿(mǎn)足自己的求知欲。德溫的烘烤項(xiàng)目需要用到計(jì)量知識(shí),要有創(chuàng)意。
德溫:大概八到六杯的面粉……
達(dá)納:在我看來(lái),我不認(rèn)為……人在別人讓他們學(xué)的時(shí)候……學(xué)習(xí)效果是最佳的。
While they arent always idle, there are no tests, no homework, no lesson plans. If youre wondering, unschooling is legal because it falls under the guidelines of homeschoolers, so the regulations vary from state to state.
Dana says her children have learned reading and math without formal instruction, but when we asked 11-year-old Devin a basic multiplication question, he stumbled.
Dana: And sometimes people, theyll ask me “how do your kids learn if theyre having fun all day?” Like they so dont equate learning with fun.
Reporter: Right. So how do your kids learn if theyre just having fun?
Dana: You know, whatever theyre interested in, I try to bring as much into their life as possible with as many resources as possible.
Reporter: How do you see your kids future lives playing out—high school, college age, beyond?
Dana: I dont really necessarily project. I just want them to be happy.
Reporter: But Im stunned that youve never thought about what kind of jobs your kids would end up...
Dana: Well, I dont know. Do you…I mean, does anybody know? Do you know? Can you picture what kind of jobs your kids would have?
Reporter: My son wants to be the Yankee 3rd baseman, so, right now. Its a little...its a little off.
Perhaps not the best long-term plan. Dana, though has become a leader in the growing radical unschooling movement through YouTube videos.
Dana: (in a YouTube video) True learning comes from the internal drive, the need from the learner.
雖說(shuō)他們并不總是無(wú)事可做,但他們的學(xué)習(xí)沒(méi)有測(cè)驗(yàn),沒(méi)有作業(yè),也沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。如果你對(duì)此感到好奇的話(huà),這種反學(xué)校教育的做法是合法的,因?yàn)樗c在家自學(xué)同屬一個(gè)類(lèi)型,因此,各州的規(guī)定也不盡相同。
達(dá)納說(shuō),她的孩子沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)正規(guī)教育也學(xué)會(huì)了閱讀與數(shù)學(xué),可當(dāng)我們問(wèn)11歲的德溫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的乘法問(wèn)題時(shí),他卻支支吾吾。
達(dá)納:有的時(shí)候,有人會(huì)問(wèn)我:“如果你的孩子整天都開(kāi)開(kāi)心心的,他們?cè)趺磳W(xué)習(xí)?”他們竟然覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該與開(kāi)心有什么關(guān)系。
記者:對(duì)。那么,如果他們整天都在玩,那他們究竟怎么學(xué)習(xí)?
達(dá)納:你知道,就是他們對(duì)什么感興趣,我就盡可能地把一切相關(guān)資源都融入到他們的生活中。
記者:你怎么看孩子們的未來(lái),會(huì)怎么發(fā)展:中學(xué)、大學(xué),更遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)?
達(dá)納:我沒(méi)有必要預(yù)測(cè)。我只想他們開(kāi)心。
記者:但我很吃驚,你竟然沒(méi)有想過(guò)你的孩子會(huì)做什么樣的工作……
達(dá)納:嗯,我也不知道。那你……我是說(shuō),有誰(shuí)知道嗎?你知道嗎?你知道你的孩子將來(lái)會(huì)做什么?
記者:我兒子想到揚(yáng)基棒球隊(duì)當(dāng)三壘手,所以現(xiàn)在嘛……那個(gè)有點(diǎn),是有點(diǎn)不尋常。
可能那也算不上最佳的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃。不過(guò),通過(guò)YouTube視頻,達(dá)納成了日益壯大的反學(xué)校教育運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)軍人物。
達(dá)納:(在一個(gè)YouTube視頻中)真正的學(xué)習(xí)需要源自?xún)?nèi)心的動(dòng)力,學(xué)習(xí)者本身的渴求。
Shes even written a book. There are an estimated 150,000 unschooled families nation-wide.
Massachusetts mom, Erika Faberg, homeschools and is trying to ditch the textbooks and try unschooling.
Erika: Most of the struggle is my self in trying to figure out how to let go of what my idea of school is.
And the mother of three boys is full of questions.
Erika: What if they really do need algebra and I dont teach them algebra?
Dana: So…so the fears that you have are so normal...
Erika: OK.
Dana: ...and algebras not something everybody on earth needs to know.
Erika: Right.
Dana: This life is about honouring the fact that were not all put on the earth to do the same thing in life...
Reporter: What about when this learning gets more sophisticated? How do you expose them to Shakespeare or Twain or Henry James? You know, how do you teach them the great works and the great historians if you cant get them to sit down and learn?
Dana: Well, I think a lot of people might value that more than others. I honestly dont remember—yes, although I know their names, I dont remember the details of what I learned in school about the historians, for example.
Details her children may never have the chance to forget.
她甚至還寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)。據(jù)估計(jì),全美國(guó)約有十五萬(wàn)個(gè)實(shí)行反學(xué)校教育的家庭。
埃里卡·法伯格是來(lái)自馬薩諸塞州的一名母親,她的孩子在家自學(xué),她希望避開(kāi)教科書(shū),而給孩子試行反學(xué)校教育。
埃里卡:最難的事情是我自己如何放棄原來(lái)對(duì)學(xué)校的想法。
這位三個(gè)男孩的母親心里疑問(wèn)重重。
埃里卡:如果他們以后真的需要代數(shù),而我現(xiàn)在又不教他們,怎么辦?
達(dá)納:這個(gè)……這些憂(yōu)慮是很正常的。
埃里卡:好吧。
達(dá)納:并不是世界上所有的人都需要學(xué)會(huì)代數(shù)。
埃里卡:對(duì)。
達(dá)納:我們的人生是要尊重這樣一個(gè)事實(shí):我們來(lái)到這個(gè)世上并不是為了做相同的事情……
記者:等學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容變得更加復(fù)雜時(shí),怎么辦?你怎么讓他們了解關(guān)于莎士比亞、馬克·吐溫、亨利·詹姆斯?你知道,如果你沒(méi)辦法讓他們安安靜靜地坐下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí),你怎么向他們傳授優(yōu)秀著作和杰出歷史學(xué)家的知識(shí)?
達(dá)納:嗯,我想可能許多人比其他人更看重這些東西。老實(shí)說(shuō),我自己都不記得了。是的,我還記得這些人的名字,但我不記得以前在學(xué)校里學(xué)過(guò)的細(xì)節(jié),比如說(shuō),歷史學(xué)家。
但這些細(xì)節(jié),她的孩子連忘記的機(jī)會(huì)都沒(méi)有。翻譯:丁一