国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致復(fù)習(xí)要領(lǐng)

2012-12-31 00:00:00李軍民
考試周刊 2012年47期


  在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)中,辨析清楚英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系,通常是教師和學(xué)生難解的問題。我結(jié)合多年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐,闡釋并辨析英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系。
  一、主謂一致的基本用法
  1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),且當(dāng)意義為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
  注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and連接的兩個(gè)名詞前只用一個(gè)冠詞。如:
  The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
  2.主謂一致中的靠近原則。
 ?。?)當(dāng)there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:
  There is a bowl,two knives and several forks on the table..
  There are thirty boy-students and twenty-five girl-students in the class.
 ?。?)在由not only ...but also ...,not just ... but ...,or,neither ... nor ...,either ... or ...連接主語(yǔ)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)遵循就近一致原則,即按與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)來確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
  Not only Mary but also I am going to London next week.
  3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。
  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,together with,like,except,but,as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。如:
  The teacher together with his students is discussing Writing Skills that was newly published in China.
  4.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后接名詞或代詞保持一致。
 ?。?)用half of,part of,most of 等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞或代詞保持一致。如:
  Most of her money is spent on dress.
 ?。?)在more than ... of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。如:
  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
  5.謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
 ?。?)主語(yǔ)中含有each,every時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。如:
  Each boy gets a present.
  (2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如:
  The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.
 ?。?)表示金錢、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可,意思不變)如:
  Two weeks is allowed for preparing for the examination.
  6.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。
  (1)代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,most,all等詞后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。如:
  All is right.
  All are present.
 ?。?)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來決定,如family,audience,crowd,class,company,committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)表示整個(gè)集體。如:
  The committee is made up of 12 people.
  Her family are music lovers.
  但集合名詞people,police,cattle等在任何情況下后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
  Are there any police around?
 ?。?)有些名詞,如variety,number,population,majority等構(gòu)成的表示“一些”的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。如:
  A number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
  The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞
  The number of the students in our school is over 3,000.
  二、主謂一致中的“表里不一”現(xiàn)象
  1.“more than one +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
  More than one high official has been questioned by the police since the mayor was shot dead.
  2.“many a +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
  Many a student has been sent to plant trees.
  3.What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可視表語(yǔ)而定:表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
  What they want to get is?the number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書。
  4.And連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但該名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
  Each boy and each girl has found a good dictionary.
  5.Each作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)來決定,與each無(wú)關(guān)。如:
  They each have a bike.
  6.動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如:
  Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
  7.The following作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如:
  The following are good examples.
  8.有些用來表示由兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers,glasses,shoes,shorts,scissors等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),前面若有“條”,“副”,“把”之類的單位詞,動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。
  The shoes are all right.
  9.一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)如:arms(武器),clothes,contents,remains(遺體),thanks等。
  10.“one and a half +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。例如:
  One and a half apples is left on the table.
  11.“One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
  Time flies!One or two years has passed.
  12.“One of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。如:
  He is one of the students who study hard in his class.
  三、以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題
  英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式往往是在詞尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣,實(shí)際使用起來比較困難,以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題。
  1.以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題。
  某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱,如果是國(guó)名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用作單數(shù)。如:
  In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
  如果是群島、山脈、海峽等地理名稱作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。
  The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.
  2.以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱的詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題。
  某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如physics,mathematics,politics statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
  Athletics is a required course for students of all grades in China.
  但如果這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其他含義,就可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
  Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this university.
  總之,語(yǔ)法是對(duì)語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐運(yùn)用的總結(jié)。學(xué)生在掌握一定語(yǔ)法的基礎(chǔ)上,通過大量的訓(xùn)練,一定能突破主謂一致這一難點(diǎn),在高考中取得理想的成

漯河市| 余江县| 凭祥市| 温泉县| 南和县| 克什克腾旗| 朝阳市| 竹山县| 周至县| 秦皇岛市| 宣威市| 宁波市| 来凤县| 湘乡市| 衡南县| 上林县| 舞钢市| 崇仁县| 溧水县| 郓城县| 依安县| 健康| 库尔勒市| 民乐县| 商丘市| 昭苏县| 灵宝市| 新平| 徐州市| 田东县| 淳安县| 四川省| 盖州市| 含山县| 册亨县| 南投县| 威宁| 元氏县| 若羌县| 乐亭县| 竹北市|