看圖作文是高考英語書面表達(dá)最常見的命題形式之一，它要求考生根據(jù)一幅或幾幅圖畫所提供的信息，寫一篇短文，敘述一件事，或者闡述圖畫反映的某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。這種命題形式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于，它所提供的漢語提示很少或幾乎沒有，留給考生的發(fā)揮空間大，考生能通過這樣的試題充分發(fā)揮自己的想象、觀察、推理判斷和語言表達(dá)的能力。

一、聚焦2011年江蘇高考試題

下面這輻照片展現(xiàn)了女兒為回家的媽媽拿包的情景。請(qǐng)根據(jù)你對(duì)這輻照片的理解用英語寫一篇短文。

你的短文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：

1．描述照片內(nèi)容，如情景、人物、動(dòng)作，等等；

2．結(jié)合自身實(shí)際，談?wù)勀愕母邢耄?/p>

3．舉例說明你能為家長(zhǎng)減負(fù)做些什么。

注意：

1．可參照圖中文字及下面文章開頭所給提示，作必要的發(fā)揮想象。

2．詞數(shù)150左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

3．作文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。

The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.

The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a days work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.

All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels, and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday washing, bedroom cleaning, and at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share my mothers daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student.

二、看圖作文高分突破

（一）命題特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)試策略

看圖作文的命題特點(diǎn)是：命題人利用圖畫給考生提供一個(gè)特定的寫作情景，要求考生在細(xì)心觀察圖畫和正確理解圖畫的基礎(chǔ)上，確定文章的文體、主題和具體細(xì)節(jié)，然后精心組織語言表達(dá)出來。試題具有如下特征：

1．素材貼近生活。此類書面表達(dá)一般都是中學(xué)生所熟悉的場(chǎng)景，畫面生動(dòng)形象，具有趣味性，體現(xiàn)高考書面表達(dá)“生活化”的特點(diǎn)。有時(shí)候還附帶有英語或漢語說明，考生易獲得直觀信息。

2．文體形式多樣。圖畫式作文有記敘文、說明文和議論文，時(shí)態(tài)要以圖畫反映的內(nèi)容而定，介紹人物或敘述某件事的發(fā)展過程，通常用一般過去時(shí)；揭示或反映某個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；人稱一般根據(jù)圖畫的內(nèi)容，用第一人稱或第三人稱。此類作文一般都會(huì)給出關(guān)鍵詞、文章的開頭或規(guī)定場(chǎng)景，寫作時(shí)要注意圖畫體現(xiàn)的主題及各圖畫之間的聯(lián)系。

看圖作文是英語學(xué)習(xí)和考試中的一大難點(diǎn)。所以，我們一定要掌握一定的寫作步驟，具體來說：

(1)針對(duì)此類題型，考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀圖畫及文字說明，首先應(yīng)確定文章體裁。這類文章一般以記敘文或說明文為主。

(2)確定人稱。如果以日記、回憶錄等形式來寫，一般采用第一人稱；如果是以講故事的形式來寫，則一般采用第三人稱來寫。但不管用哪種人稱，全文一般都必須一致。

(3)確定時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容及所采用的文章體裁，確定文章所要用的時(shí)態(tài)。切記全文時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。

(4)發(fā)揮聯(lián)想要合理、適度。這類文章的說明一般都要求考生做適度的聯(lián)想和發(fā)揮，以便使上下文能更好地銜接起來。但聯(lián)想和發(fā)揮一定要根據(jù)圖畫做到合情合理，不能過多地胡亂聯(lián)想和發(fā)揮。

(5)虛實(shí)結(jié)合，詳略得當(dāng)。對(duì)于圖畫中的內(nèi)容，該詳細(xì)敘述描寫的，就必須要詳細(xì)、具體；可以一筆帶過的就一筆帶過。比如圖畫中所有的時(shí)間、數(shù)字或言論須一點(diǎn)不漏地寫清楚，而有些過程或原因則可適當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)略。

（二）看圖作文素材必備

1．常用詞匯

(1)用于描述圖畫的常用詞匯：interesting有趣的；vivid / lively生動(dòng)的；meaningful涵義豐富的；beautiful美麗的；instructive富有教育意義的；ridiculous荒謬的；touching / moving感人的。

(2)用于發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)或給出解決問題的辦法的詞匯：from where I stand依我看; personally個(gè)人認(rèn)為；in ones opinion/view在某人看來；take measures采取措施；solution解決方法；take action(s) 采取措施，行動(dòng)起來；attach importance to重視；make efforts to do sth. 努力做……

2．常用句式

(1)用于描述圖畫或引出話題的句式：

①As it is described in the picture, a small child is driven to play the piano. 正如這幅圖畫所描述的那樣，一個(gè)小孩被迫去彈鋼琴。

②From the picture we can see that a schoolboy is addicted to playing computer games. 從這幅畫中我們可以看到一個(gè)男生正沉溺于打電腦游戲。

③The purpose of the picture is to show us that we shouldnt spoil our children too much. 這幅圖畫的目的是向我們表明我們不能太溺愛我們的孩子。

④As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. 這幅圖畫清晰地向我們描述了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間的關(guān)系。

⑤The picture indicates / conveys the meaning that “no pains，no gains”. 這幅畫向我們表明了這樣的意義“不勞無獲”。

⑥What the picture reflects reminds me of something in my daily life. 這幅景象使我想起了日常生活中的一些事情。

(2)用于記敘事件經(jīng)過或分析現(xiàn)象:

①At first...then...five minutes later...finally / in the end / at last... 開始時(shí)……然后……五分鐘后……最后……

②Upon arrival, we began to work. 我們一到達(dá)就馬上開始工作。

③Some...；some...；others... 一些人(做) ……一些人(做) ……另一些人 (做) ……

Some are swimming in the lake；some are flying kites；others are playing games. 一些人在湖里游泳，一些人在放風(fēng)箏；還有一些人在做游戲。

④...was / were doing...when suddenly sb. / sth. did... 當(dāng)某事正在發(fā)生時(shí)突然又發(fā)生另一事

My uncle was riding a bike when suddenly he was knocked down by a car. 我的叔叔正騎著自行車，突然一輛轎車把他撞倒了。

⑤More and more people have come to realize the importance of protecting the environment. 越來越多的人已經(jīng)開始意識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。

⑥As more and more people give up farming today, much attention should be placed on our agriculture. 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在越來越多的人們放棄種田，所以我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注農(nóng)業(yè)。

⑦No wonder most see the problem of saving energy as that of our country rather than that of themselves. 難怪大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為節(jié)約能源是國(guó)家的事而不是自己的事。

⑧Anyone with the least common sense knows that people are more starved for a clean environment than ever before. 稍微有點(diǎn)常識(shí)的人都知道，人們比以往任何時(shí)候都渴望一個(gè)整潔的環(huán)境。

⑨There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. 現(xiàn)在人們都在熱烈地討論經(jīng)濟(jì)是否應(yīng)該快速發(fā)展。

⑩Thanks to..., more and more... 多虧了……，越來越多的人……

Thanks to the advances in science and technology, our life has become more comfortable and easier. 多虧了科技的進(jìn)步，我們的生活變得更加舒適、安逸。

(3)發(fā)表議論或總結(jié)：

①If such measures were not taken，the problem of food safety would have been more serious. 如果沒有采取這樣的措施的話，食品安全的問題會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。

②At first thought it may seem an attractive idea, but careful weighing on the mind / on closer analysis / on second thought, we find that it may do great harm to the animals there. 乍一看這似乎是個(gè)好主意，但是再仔細(xì)想一想，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這可能會(huì)對(duì)那里的動(dòng)物造成嚴(yán)重的傷害。

③Unless there is a common realization of protecting them，it is very likely that our cultural relics will be destroyed sooner or later by greedy people. 除非達(dá)成保護(hù)它們的共識(shí)，否則我們的文化遺產(chǎn)很可能將會(huì)被貪婪的人們所毀滅。

④We can conclude from this picture that what parents do really affect their children. 從這幅圖畫我們可以推斷：父母的行為真的會(huì)影響孩子們。

⑤As has been stated above，we must attach more importance to our college education. 如上所述，我們必須更加重視我們的大學(xué)教育。

⑥In conclusion，polluting environment is destroying ourselves. 總之，污染環(huán)境就是毀滅我們自己。

⑦To my mind, it is high time we took effective measures to prevent such crimes from happening again. 據(jù)我看來，該是采取有效措施以防止類似犯罪再發(fā)生的時(shí)候了。

3．黃金模板

圖畫類作文三段式模板：

要求考生根據(jù)圖畫，首先描述圖畫的大致情況，然后要求考生對(duì)圖畫進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)年U釋(解釋、說明和分析)，最后要求考生給出自己的建議、觀點(diǎn)、原因等。一般寫三段。

第一段：描述圖畫

①As is vividly shown in the picture above, ... 圖畫的內(nèi)容。

②This is a funny and instructive picture, from which we can see... 這幅圖畫大致反映的意思……

第二段：解釋、說明和分析圖畫

①What it illustrates is a common phenomenon in todays society. / Apparently, the picture reflects a major social problem.

②What is described in the picture sets me thinking a lot...

③The implied meaning of the picture should be taken into account seriously. First / To begin with，揭示涵義 / 原因/結(jié)果1. Second / Whats more，揭示涵義 / 原因 / 結(jié)果2. Last but not least / Finally，揭示涵義/原因 / 結(jié)果3. (如果有的話). And the social problem (如果是現(xiàn)象的話可以用phenomenon) has arisen the great concern/care of our whole society/world/all the people.

第三段：給出自己的看法和想法以及解決問題的辦法

In my view / point of view(或As for me), we should take some measures as follows to deal with the problem shown in the picture. First，we should 具體的措施1. And then we have to / must具體的措施2. Only in these ways can we solve the problem of 具體的問題。

It is high time we took some measures to put an end to this phenomenon. / Immediate measures should be taken to...

三、優(yōu)秀習(xí)作練習(xí)與欣賞

1．學(xué)生的任務(wù)不僅僅是在學(xué)習(xí)上取得滿分，請(qǐng)根據(jù)對(duì)下面這幅漫畫的理解用英語寫一篇短文，并發(fā)表你的看法。

注意：1．詞數(shù)150左右，開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

2．參考詞匯：

心理素質(zhì)psychological quality；品德morality

As is vividly shown in the drawing above, a student is trying his best to reach the full score of important subjects including English, maths, physics, and Chinese while neglecting the more important aspects such as psychological quality and moral standards. This drawing mirrors a common social phenomenon, which has aroused our social concern and is in fact thought瞤rovoking.

To begin with, academic achievements are not all that a student needs. In order to survive in our society, students must be first of all trained to possess fine psychological quality. Otherwise, we can not bravely face ups and downs in our life, work, and study. Whats more, high moral standards are also a must for every student. Without high moral standards, students will lose the orientation (方向，目標(biāo)) of learning. Most often, even though a student possesses profound academic knowledge, he can not find himself a right place in our society and make contribution to his motherland due to his low moral standards.

Measures must be taken immediately so as to correct the trend of overemphasizing main academic subjects and neglecting psychological quality and moral standards. First of all, we must take a right attitude toward students development. Whats more, our government must care more about students education to ensure a right and healthy environment of development.

2．在中國(guó)西部貧困地區(qū)有許多留守兒童。他們的父母外出打工掙錢養(yǎng)家。以下這幅圖片展現(xiàn)了這群留守兒童的一個(gè)生活場(chǎng)景。請(qǐng)根據(jù)你對(duì)這幅圖片的理解用英語寫一篇短文。

你的短文應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：1．描述圖片內(nèi)容；2．簡(jiǎn)析“留守兒童”這一現(xiàn)象的成因；3．談?wù)勀愕母惺芎驮竿?/p>

參考詞匯：文具stationery；留守兒童left瞓ehind children

要求：1．詞數(shù)：150詞左右。短文開頭已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

2．文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。

As in shown in the picture, several children are crouching to the ground in a circle. They are writing down “Mum and Dad, I am missing you.” Since they live in a less瞕eveloped western region in China, they are badly in need of stationery, dictionaries, schoolbags, TV sets and so on to do well in their studies and enjoy everyday life.

The cause of such a phenomenon is that they live in remote and hilly areas with poor transportation and a low瞝evel education. To improve their living conditions, their parents rush to big cities to do odd jobs for more money, leaving them at home.

Personally, I show pity for these left瞓ehind children. I feel that each child should have the right to receive a good education and enjoy a happy life together with their parents. I recommend we do something for them such as donating life necessities or books, raising money and making the public aware of their current conditions.

Im sure if people care more for them, the future will find them happy and healthy.

（作者：謝勇,江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)）