朱鳳娟
曲水流觴筆墨情
“蘭亭修禊晉永和,風雅猶傳醉山陰?!?/p>
蘭亭,是東晉士族兼書法家王羲之的寄居處。這一帶有“崇山峻嶺,茂林修竹,又有清流激湍,映帶左右,曲水流觴,群賢畢至”,是人文風景絕佳之處。春秋時越王勾踐在此種蘭,漢朝設驛亭,故名蘭亭。蘭亭盛會,會稽內史王羲之寫下“天下第一行書”《蘭亭集序》,自此名揚天下,蘭亭成為書法圣地、回味魏晉風流的好去處。
走進綠樹掩映的小山村,除了濃濃的鄉(xiāng)土氣息,你還會從中聞到一陣陣翰墨飄香。沉浸在“桃花源”里的蘭亭村村民們,無論是古稀老人,還是學童稚子,拿起毛筆,都能寫上幾筆。走在鄉(xiāng)間,溪水潺潺,仿若還能倒映出當年王羲之與文人雅士曲水流觴的情景,而這片土地在《蘭亭集序》經久的熏陶中也自有了另一種秀美。
中國的書法,源遠流長,光彩奪目,被稱為“有情的國畫,無聲的樂音,紙上的舞蹈,硯中的云?!保o人以美的享受和愉悅。在蘭亭村書法活動室,只見村民們或潛心練書法,或三五成群觀摩研討書法作品,這一份認真勁誰看了都會動心。他們用毛筆和水墨,在紙面上形成黑白的意味,毛筆的疾運、徐緩、飛動、頓挫所抒寫出的與其說是高雅藝術的表達,不如說是樸素生命的流淌。
陸小華的媽媽王文雅是村里遠近聞名的書法好手,已經當了外婆的她從年輕時候就酷愛書法,作品更是被村里人認為是“精品”,經常會有一些村民來討要作品。由于書法之風盛行,村里逢年過節(jié),總是少不了一群書法好手送上自己親筆書寫的春聯、“?!弊?、“喜聯”,揮毫潑墨間也使得彼此關懷的情意綿綿,村風和諧。更有人將自己的書法技藝搬到了蘭亭風景區(qū)門口!村民袁張龍現場題扇,現場賣扇,他題寫的《蘭亭集序》紙扇深受游客歡迎,有的客人一次就買走幾十把,成為了風景區(qū)外的又一道靚麗風景線。
“曲水流觴,茂竹修林”已升華為一種書法文化的意境,一種至高無上的藝術情趣?!短m亭集序》引領著書法藝術的前進道路,成為中國書法史上影響最廣、淵源最深的傳統寶典。蘭亭,也已經成為了一方孕育書法藝術的沃土。蘭亭鎮(zhèn)中學是省級“書畫特色學?!?,蘭亭鎮(zhèn)中心小學是“全國書法藝術教育實驗學?!?。蘭亭村也成為遠近聞名的“書法村”,并被命名為市級“文化特色村”。
從民間到學術,“書法朝圣地”的美名,讓它繼續(xù)沿著歷史的流脈,越飄越深遠。
坐落于清幽之境的中國蘭亭書法藝術學院,氣韻非同凡響。它的成立使得書法正式納入我國高等教育體系,它的創(chuàng)辦也拓展了蘭亭書法在國際上的影響,歐美、日本、韓國、新加坡等地書法愛好者紛至沓來。建于1988年的書法博物館依山傍水,里面陳列著中國書法簡史和古今中外書法精品。沒有曲水,照樣流觴。文運方隨國運盛,心花喜逐筆花生。無論是業(yè)余愛好,還是致富途徑,又或者是學術交流,蘭亭得天獨厚的藝術淵源,正使之日益成為欣賞、品味、體驗和解讀書法藝術的搖籃和樂土。
幽香致遠識蘭韻
流觴亭有竹刻楹聯:竹陰滿地清于水;蘭氣當風靜若人。
沿著紹大線驅車前往浙江海峽兩岸蘭花科技園,在入口處隨意灑下的幾把花籽,已經爛漫成了一片野花,情趣盎然。走進園區(qū),一排排智能溫室大棚,專為蘭花量身定做,工作人員正在為幼苗澆灌營養(yǎng)液,花苗長勢喜人。
蘭亭位于紹興城西南十三公里處的蘭渚山下?!对浇^書》記載:“勾踐種蘭法山?!痹娙送跏笤谒拿鳌稌L俗賦》中,熱情謳歌“蘭亭國香”。紹興是中國春蘭的故鄉(xiāng),而蘭亭恰是紹興種植蘭花的中心地區(qū)之一。據傳世界上有七處蘭亭,分別在北京、寧波、臺灣及日本等地,但是真正以蘭名亭的可能只有紹興的蘭亭。但可惜的是,一直以來該鎮(zhèn)境內缺少有規(guī)模上檔次的蘭花休閑觀賞地?,F在,隨著由臺商投資的浙江海峽兩岸蘭花科技園的進駐,蘭亭“無蘭可賞”的局面得到了改觀。
據了解,這一項目由紹興縣臺灣同胞投資企業(yè)協會會長推薦,臺灣東明蘭業(yè)有限公司投資建設,占地350畝,計劃總投資720萬美元。主要依托臺灣蘭花種植、研發(fā)技術優(yōu)勢和國際知名度培育蝴蝶蘭、明日葉,并利用溫室大棚,采用組織培養(yǎng)方式進行品種繁殖與優(yōu)化,其規(guī)模在全省獨一無二?!疤m花科技園落戶蘭亭,將對蘭亭鎮(zhèn)蘭花產業(yè)發(fā)展起到巨大的推動作用。”蘭亭鎮(zhèn)黨委書記陳學軍說。
蘭亭雅集選擇三月初三上巳日,正是蘭花盛開之際,也是采蘭、賞蘭、畫蘭、頌蘭最好時節(jié)。在《蘭亭集》的37首詩中,有些詩就觸景生情,由蘭起興。這些佳作可說是一幅幅蕙蘭吐芳、清香送遠的“蘭亭國香”圖。在蘭亭湖生態(tài)休閑區(qū)南側,一個占地約70公頃,總投資2000多萬元,集蘭花栽培、科研、展示、交易及農業(yè)觀光、休閑旅游、科普教育等于一體的蘭文化博物園即將完工。至此,蘭亭人將會把更多蘭花的芬香與遠方的來客分享。
而在蘭亭人的日常生活中,蘭花也已經成了必不可少的點綴小品。古有屈原頌蘭之美、孔子揚蘭之善,他們通過蘭花來求真、求善、求美,來追求高尚完美的人格修養(yǎng)。今有蘭亭人,以蘭為美,人品如蘭。他們充分利用“蘭的品質”來熏陶人,激勵人:如蘭那樣一身正氣,清耿廉潔,鼓勵人們陶情與立德;如蘭一樣真誠與芬芳,團結人,凝聚人,形成溫馨和諧的友居氛圍……當蘭文化滲透到人們的生活中,達到無所不有,無所不在,蘭文化也融化為蘭亭新型城市化建設中的時代風采和精神內涵。
茂林修竹見精神
中國的文字,望得久了,漸漸逼真,栩栩如生。比如蘭亭。這個“亭”字,挺拔的,俏生生,還有秀氣的飛檐;而這個“蘭”字,修長的葉片上,綻出兩朵小小的花兒來,還沁著淡淡的幽香。來到蘭亭,滿目是綠色,最多是竹。這里的竹,不如安吉的茂密壯碩,也沒有靈峰那么婀娜多姿。這里的竹清秀卻不張揚,是真正的“修竹”。
《爾雅》稱:“東南之美,有會稽之竹箭焉?!睎|南之美,山清水秀,物產豐富,然而我們的古人卻把審美的目光集中在會稽的“竹箭”上,初看似乎顯得偏愛,細想確實頗有見地。竹箭即竹,《禮記》謂“其在人也,如竹箭之有筠也?!毖籽紫娜?,置身竹林,頓感一片清涼;寒風凜凜,面對青青翠竹,增添氣節(jié)精神。風吹竹林,搖曳起舞,堅韌不拔是它的性格;野火燒過,竹鞭猶存,來年更旺是它的意志。怪不得書法家王羲之的兒子王子猷一生愛竹、畫竹、詠竹,甚至與竹須臾不可分離。
漫步蘭亭竹徑,清澈溪流潺潺而下,蜿蜒曼妙,于綠樹翠堤之間,自成一番難言景致?!罢硭壹抑窳帧?,多少年來蘭亭人一直與竹為伴,在塑料發(fā)明之前,人們的生活幾乎一刻也離不開竹。在蘭亭人的生活哲學里,從來“不把自然看作無生命的異己的存在”;在蘭亭的傳統文化里,也歷來把人與自然看做是一種和諧的關系。竹子雖小,意境不淺。而從中,我們也似乎窺見了蘭亭全面推進以生態(tài)宜居、綠色低碳為導向的生態(tài)文明建設,加快建設資源節(jié)約型和環(huán)境友好型社會的廣闊圖景。
古人言:“寧可食無肉,不可居無竹?!钡偃魞烧叨伎升R備,豈不美哉。蘭亭是有名的“中國竹筍之鄉(xiāng)”,有竹林28000余畝,早已編制完成竹筍園區(qū)規(guī)劃。竹筍主產區(qū)大慶村還成立了竹筍專業(yè)合作社,注冊有“大慶”和“王硯”商標,品質優(yōu)異的“大慶”和“王硯”筍在紹興及周邊地區(qū)供不應求。竹子,帶給蘭亭人的還有關于健康綠色的生活理念。
蘭亭酒美逢人醉
“蘭亭席上酒,曲洛岸邊花?!边@是白居易的詩句,劉禹錫更是吟誦:“豈同王謝山陰會,空敘流杯醉暮春?!?/p>
幾年前,紹興一家黃酒生產企業(yè)的展臺上,一壇2.5公斤裝的黃酒,賣到了幾千元。這壇珍品浮雕酒凝聚著工藝大師的兩年心血,在古銅色的酒壇上雕刻了《蘭亭集序》的324個字,曲水流觴中的人物衣袂飄飄。
永和九年(公元353年)三月三日,王羲之與當時名士謝安、孫統、孫綽等41人雅集于會稽山陰之蘭亭,修祓禊之禮。曲水流觴,飲酒賦詩。王羲之酒醉作《蘭亭集序》,成為書法史上巔峰之作。酒醒之后,“更書數十百本,終不能及之”。酒與《序》共存,《序》與酒共名。酒與《序》共同吟出了千古絕唱,成為蘭亭酒文化史上一段千古美談。
黃酒自古以來就是紹興人民生活重要內容之一,而蘭亭境內有釀酒業(yè),在南宋時就已名揚全國。南宋愛國詩人陸游曾寫詩贊美:“蘭亭酒美逢人醉,花塢茶新滿市香?!备母镩_放給蘭亭黃酒業(yè)更是帶來了千載難逢的發(fā)展機遇。
黃酒生性溫和、風格雅致,酒文化古樸厚重,傳承人間真善之美、忠孝之德;儒家內涵講究中庸之道,主張清淡無為,宣揚仁、義、禮、智、信等人倫道德。細細體味,黃酒與儒家文化可謂一脈相承,還真有著異曲同工之妙。
文化對于蘭亭不僅是經濟、社會的驅動力,而且是整個社會生活和社會系統的大腦、血脈與靈魂。
所謂文化自覺就是充分認識自己的歷史和傳統,認識自身文化優(yōu)勢延續(xù)下去的根和種子。蘭亭以“書、蘭、竹、酒”為內核,全鎮(zhèn)上下逐漸形成共同的理想信念和基本的道德規(guī)范。由內而外,結合先進文化引領工程,蘭亭的文化藝術館、中心廣場、文化活動室等重點工程建設逐一完工;農村和企業(yè)業(yè)余文體團隊豐富活躍;“周六講堂”、“青年企業(yè)家論壇”等更是營造了濃郁的學習氛圍。倡導和諧理念,培育文明風尚。穿行在蘭亭這塊文化熱土,“以文化人”之香,讓人陶醉,讓人沉思……
In Appreciation of Culture of Lanting
By Zhu Fengjuan
Lanting (Orchid Pavilion) is famous in the history of Chinese culture. On a spring day in March 353AD, Wang Xizhi and other 41 scholars and his family members met at Lanting at the foot of Lanzhu Hill. It was one of the most famous gatherings of intellectuals in Chinese history. Then aged 33, Wang Xizhi, arguably the all-time greatest calligrapher of China, wrote an essay to preface a collection of essays and poems composed that day by friends. According to history, he wrote the essay while drunken. After he finally woke up from the drunkenness the next day, he wrote the essay in calligraphy again for more than 100 times, but none was able to emulate the beauty and verve of the first one.
The essay itself is an all-time classic writing and his handwriting is regarded as one of the greatest calligraphic masterpieces, although what we see today is a copy made in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The original is said to have been buried in the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Today, it is the number one model that every learning calligrapher in China copies, studies, and commits to memory.
Since more than 1,600 years ago, Lanting, a quiet rural place in Shaoxing in eastern Zhejiang Province, has inspired the imagination of Chinese calligraphers.
Nowadays Lanting is Mecca for calligraphers. Calligraphers come as pilgrims to Lanting to pay homage to Wang Xizhi every year. Lanting is also home to China Lanting Academy for Calligraphic Art and home to Calligraphy Museum erected in 1988.
Many residents in Lanting Village nearby are now folk calligraphers. They practice calligraphy as part of their everyday life. Lanting Town Middle School and Lanting Town Central Primary School offer special calligraphy courses for young enthusiasts.
Though called Lanting after orchids, Lanting did not have orchards very much in the past although Shaoxing is a major producer of springtime orchards in China. Nowadays, Lanting boasts a 23-hactare orchid farm developed and operated by a floral company with funds from Taiwan. Nowadays, Lanting attracts tourists and calligraphy pilgrims.
In addition to orchids, Lanting boasts bamboo forests of 1,800 hectares. Before plastic products made its inroad into Shaoxing, bamboo product industry in Lanting was a big pillar of local economy. Bamboo forests are a big attraction for tourists.
Another outstanding feature of Lanting is yellow wine. Shaoxing is famed for this low-alcohol mild beverage of national fame for centuries and Lanting is a key winery. During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), which was headquartered in nearby Hangzhou, Lanting enjoyed a national renown for its yellow wine. Lu You (1125-1210), a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, once mentioned Lanting in a poem, praising its orchid, yellow wine, and tea.
Nowadays, local people have achieved a consensus about its soul: culture, believing it is the only significant thing behind its social and economic development. The people of the small rural town agree that calligraphy, orchid, bamboo, and yellow wine are four signatures of Lanting.
Nowadays, local people have a rich variety of cultural undertakings going on. They read books and attend weekend lectures; clubs stage shows; enthusiasts practice calligraphy; rural entrepreneurs meet at forums to compare notes and learn advanced business theories and practices. There is a cultural harmony in Lanting.