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拍案叫絕“喜臨門(mén)”

2012-04-29 04:24:23傅通先
文化交流 2012年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:幅照片喜鵲蛋殼

傅通先

“哇!太精彩了!”“不敢說(shuō)絕后,但絕對(duì)是空前的!”10月30日,參加“千年運(yùn)河,拱墅記憶”采風(fēng)活動(dòng)的作家們,拿到許明贈(zèng)予的《窗前喜鵲》攝影集之后,莫不眼前一亮,傾心贊嘆。他堅(jiān)守71天拍攝的一雙喜鵲從筑巢、孵化、育雛到出窩的329幅精彩照片,破天荒記錄了七只喜鵲生活、生育、生長(zhǎng)的全過(guò)程,發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多人類(lèi)尚未知曉的喜鵲習(xí)性,堪稱(chēng)攝影史上的一大突破。

作為醉心喜鵲題材的習(xí)畫(huà)者,我更是大喜過(guò)望,并于3天后專(zhuān)門(mén)造訪(fǎng)了這位攝影家。

千姿百態(tài)的喜鵲群像

2010年3月2日,家住大運(yùn)河拱宸橋畔一幢高樓15層樓的許明家陽(yáng)臺(tái)花架上,飛來(lái)兩只喜鵲銜枝筑巢。曾出版過(guò)攝影作品集《羌塘豪情——一位援藏縣委書(shū)記的視野》的許明敏銳地意識(shí)到:一個(gè)千載難逢的攝影題材名副其實(shí)地“喜”從天降了。

喜鵲寓意吉祥、喜慶、幸運(yùn)、福音,為中華文化喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的表達(dá)元素,但這種靈性之鳥(niǎo)往往營(yíng)巢于高枝、鐵塔上,飛入尋常人家的陽(yáng)臺(tái)安家極為罕見(jiàn),如今豈可錯(cuò)過(guò)這拍攝的天賜良機(jī)!許明當(dāng)即決定:把整個(gè)陽(yáng)臺(tái)和連接陽(yáng)臺(tái)的書(shū)房全部讓給兩位“嘉賓”。同時(shí),移開(kāi)花架前的玻璃窗,架起相機(jī)和錄像機(jī),記錄喜鵲安家生育的全過(guò)程。

鵲巢從一兩日的稀稀拉拉,五六日的花花搭搭,到十幾日的密密匝匝,歷時(shí)整整20天,一個(gè)如同北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)“鳥(niǎo)巢”模樣的內(nèi)外三層鵲巢終于筑成。自動(dòng)照相機(jī)咔嚓咔嚓地拍攝,喜鵲豐富的肢體語(yǔ)言和歡快、不安、愛(ài)戀、憤怒的表情一一定格在顯示屏上。而為了追求最佳的攝影效果,許明常常利用工作余暇,手動(dòng)擷取精彩畫(huà)面。

3月21日,巢內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了第一枚蛋,隔一日,又產(chǎn)下第二枚,然后每日一蛋,六天共下五蛋。有黑褐色斑點(diǎn)的淺藍(lán)綠色蛋,約長(zhǎng)3.8厘米,寬2.6厘米。孵蛋任務(wù)由雌鵲擔(dān)當(dāng),雄鵲負(fù)責(zé)守護(hù)和覓食。雌鵲會(huì)不時(shí)用喙翻動(dòng)蛋,讓孕育的小生命也能運(yùn)動(dòng)一下。就這樣,巢下的道路車(chē)水龍馬,巢內(nèi)的喜鵲忙忙碌碌,映襯出一幅事業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)、生活安詳?shù)纳鷦?dòng)畫(huà)面。

4月11日,兩只小喜鵲破殼而出,皮膚鮮紅嬌嫩,腦袋碩大,雙眼未開(kāi),時(shí)而仰天張開(kāi)血紅的嘴巴,似乎在宣告新生命的降臨。翌日,又有兩個(gè)小生命來(lái)到世上。第三日,隨著最后一只雛鳥(niǎo)破殼,一個(gè)七口之家完滿(mǎn)組成。恰在這時(shí),“倒春寒”來(lái)臨,氣溫驟降,雌喜鵲一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地扎著“馬步”,用自身的體溫細(xì)心地呵護(hù)著小寶貝,表現(xiàn)出感人的母愛(ài)。雄喜鵲對(duì)一家關(guān)懷備至,在日夜守護(hù)的同時(shí),勤勉覓食,為一家及時(shí)送上可口的飯菜。

4月29日,羽翼漸豐的小鳥(niǎo)第一次出巢學(xué)飛:展翅、扇翮、俯首、翹尾,父母在一旁關(guān)切地看護(hù)著。

第71天,當(dāng)最后一只雛鳥(niǎo)出窩飛走時(shí),許明的相機(jī)里已經(jīng)留下了2萬(wàn)多張照片,這是人類(lèi)第一次對(duì)野生喜鵲生育過(guò)程的翔實(shí)記錄。形形色色的喜鵲表情,千姿百態(tài)的喜鵲動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)烈沖擊著人們的視覺(jué)神經(jīng),讓人嘆為觀止。

喜鵲攝影的重大突破

拍鳥(niǎo),攝影迷們無(wú)一例外地使用“長(zhǎng)槍大炮”。而為了求得景深效果,許明首次采用廣角鏡頭拍鳥(niǎo)。不僅如此,他還第一次記錄了喜鵲將蛋殼撕碎吃掉,第一次記錄了喜鵲從幼鳥(niǎo)嘴中取出食物殘?jiān)那榫?,第一次記錄了雛鳥(niǎo)跟人類(lèi)的孩子一樣喜愛(ài)玩具。

4月11日,許明驚奇發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)小喜鵲破殼出世之后,雌喜鵲會(huì)把整個(gè)蛋殼吃掉。對(duì)不能下咽的大塊蛋殼,它會(huì)足踩蛋殼,用喙撕碎,然后吃掉。既清潔鳥(niǎo)巢,又補(bǔ)充鈣質(zhì)。這些都被許明清晰地記錄下來(lái)。

4月25日,許明又有了新發(fā)現(xiàn):雌喜鵲從小鳥(niǎo)嘴里叼出一塊黃褐色的大殘?jiān)?。原?lái),小喜鵲消化功能尚未健全,不能自主吐出食物殘?jiān)?。?xì)心的父母便及時(shí)而利索地幫助崽崽解決難題。

5月8日,樓下有人喜結(jié)連理,發(fā)射了好些慶賀的紙花彈。散落在草坪上的一些彩紙片被大喜鵲銜到了50米高的巢里,供小鳥(niǎo)叼弄玩耍。原來(lái),小喜鵲也有這般“童趣”。

浙江自然博物館鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)專(zhuān)家陳水華看了這些實(shí)錄,欣喜地說(shuō):老許的這些珍貴記錄,讓我們這些專(zhuān)業(yè)人士也開(kāi)了眼界,了解到好些喜鵲研究的未知領(lǐng)域。

魂?duì)繅?mèng)縈的人鳥(niǎo)情緣

五只小喜鵲安然出窩,離開(kāi)了這個(gè)安全而溫馨的家。許明慶幸“喜”臨家門(mén),讓他拍到了前人未能企及的2萬(wàn)多幅照片,也時(shí)時(shí)牽掛這一家子生活可好?何處安身?魂?duì)繅?mèng)縈中,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們中會(huì)有一兩只短暫返巢,許明就像見(jiàn)到久別重逢的親人那樣興高采烈,歡快地注視它們的一舉一動(dòng)。

為了讓更多人分享成果,許明選取了5幅照片參加全國(guó)攝影藝術(shù)展覽。評(píng)委評(píng)價(jià):“他的作品看似隨意和不經(jīng)心,但其中蘊(yùn)藏著生動(dòng)和樸實(shí)以及令人回味的寓意。城市、環(huán)境、動(dòng)物與人,其實(shí)就在你身邊,故事每天都在發(fā)生?!?/p>

2011年11月,許明從2萬(wàn)余幅照片中精選出329幅,按時(shí)間順序編輯成冊(cè),交由中國(guó)攝影出版社出版,獲得廣泛好評(píng)。中國(guó)美術(shù)出版社聞?dòng)嵵?,?zhuān)門(mén)向許明約稿,期望他能從藝術(shù)的角度重編一本藝術(shù)作品,讓生態(tài)文明之風(fēng)吹拂更遠(yuǎn)。

從喜鵲前來(lái)安家的事件中,許明切身體會(huì)到建設(shè)良好生態(tài)環(huán)境的重要性。他任職的“十里銀湖墅”,地處千里京杭大運(yùn)河的起始端,川澤沃衍,珍異廣聚,商賈云集,舳艫相接。他決意與拱墅人民一起,在建設(shè)“美麗中國(guó)”的進(jìn)程中,讓這片繁華富饒之地,生態(tài)文明建設(shè)更上一層樓,為百姓打造更優(yōu)美的環(huán)境,為鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)營(yíng)造更多的棲息樂(lè)園,讓那時(shí)時(shí)牽掛的七口之家共享一片青山、綠水和藍(lán)天。

(本文攝影:許明)

Magpies: Over 20,000 Photos in 71 Days

By Fu Tongxian

On October 30, 2012, we amateur photographers met to do field work in Gongshu, a district in the north of downtown Hangzhou. To our surprise and delight, we each received a copy of a photograph album created by Xu Ming, the former CPC secretary of Gongshu District. Entitled “Magpies in Front of My Window”, the album presents 329 photos, out of over 20,000 taken in 71 days in 2010, of a couple of adult magpies building a nest, laying eggs, breeding five baby magpies, baby magpies growing up, the family moving away.

Interested in painting magpies myself, I was overjoyed by the amazing photographs. Three days later, I visited the photographer to find out how he had spent 71 days photographing the magpies nesting on the balcony of his apartment on the fifteenth floor of an apartment building on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which traverses the downtown Hangzhou.

On March 2, 2010, Xu Ming found two magpies come to the flower racket on the balcony. An experienced enthusiast of photography, he realized that the magpies were a godsend for him to photograph, as in the Chinese culture, magpies are birds of happiness, luck, pleasure. He considered the birds as happiness coming from heaven.

As magpies usually build their nests high in trees or on the top of power towers, Xu Ming found it quite unusual that the couple came to his balcony. The avian guests thrilled him. He decided to photograph the birds on the balcony. To minimize disturbance, he decided not to use the balcony and the study that leads to the balcony as long as the birds stayed there. The large pane of the window between the balcony and the study was removed so that his cameras would have a clearer look at the birds. He set up a camera and a camcorder to record the whole reproduction process. Set on the automatic mode and with a wide-angle lens, the camera took a photograph every minute during daytime. In addition, he used another camera to capture good moments when he had time to watch.

The photographs tell the story of the magpies building a nest. It took the birds 20 days to finish the building project. In the first few days, the nest looked sketchy; after five days, it looked fleshed out. After ten days, it looked entangled. After twenty days, the nest looked like the National Stadium in Beijing, nicknamed the Bird Nest and especially built for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

On March 21, the first egg appeared in the nest. In the following five days, another four eggs appeared. The would-be mother sat and the would-be father watched and guarded the nest. The female moved the eggs now and then.

On April 11, the first two baby magpies came out. The next day saw another two babies hatched. On April 13, the last one came. The family of two became a family of seven.

On April 29, the chicks began to learn how to fly, with their parents watching anxiously. On the 71st day, the parents and babies all flew away. They did not come back.

The complete record of the 71 days and nights of the magpies contains a lot of surprises for scientists too. The photos show how the magpies tore the eggshells to pieces and ate them, how the adult magpies took the food remains out of the baby magpies beaks. On May 8, the adult magpies picked some paper confetti from the lawn fifty meters below the balcony and brought colorful shreds to the nest. The baby magpies were happy to play with them, treating the paper as toys.

Chen Shuihua, a bird expert with Zhejiang Natural Museum, was delighted to review the photographic record, which he says opened his eyes to some unknown behavior of magpies.

Xu Ming was thrilled to have the whole collection of the photographs. He selected five out of his precious collection and sent them to the National Photography Art Exhibition. The photos were highly appreciated at the national event.

In November 2011, Xu selected 329 photographs out of the over 20,000 pieces, chronically arranged to reflect the amazing life of the magpies over the 71 days and nights on the balcony. The album was published by China Photography Press. The album has received rave reviews. After learning about the collection, China Fine Art Press offered Xu Ming a contract to publish another collection. This time, the collection is supposed to give art a special angle.

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