句子:3月12日是中國植樹節(jié)。
誤譯:March 12th is Planting-tree Day in China.
正譯:March 12th is Tree-planting Day in China.
解釋:漢語動賓結(jié)構(gòu)作定語修飾名詞,譯成英語時語序發(fā)生變化,要用“賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。這是漢語與英語的不同之處。例如:“節(jié)能燈泡”(energy-saving bulb),“解決問題方案”(problem-solving plan)?!爸矘涔?jié)”,要譯為 Tree- planting Day 或 Tree-planting Festival。英語的 Tree Day 和 Arbor Day 也是“植樹節(jié)”的意思。arbor 來自拉丁語,其意思是tree(樹)。
“植”的第一個意思是“栽種”,與植物有關(guān)。英語可以譯為to grow, to plant。例如:
1. 這個老漢在房前屋后種植了棗樹和梨樹。The old man grew date trees and pear trees around his house.
2. 在過去幾十年里,這位老人植樹造林造福當?shù)匕傩?。Over the last few decades, the old man has planted large areas of land with trees to benefit the local people.
“植”的第二個意思是“培養(yǎng)”、“樹立”,與人或事有關(guān)。英語可以譯為 to foster, to cultivate。例如:
3. 這位科學家致力于為未來的科技發(fā)展培植后備力量。The scientist is engaged in fostering reserve forces for the future scientific and technological development.
“植”的第三個意思是“機體移植”,與人體器官有關(guān)?!爸财ぁ?,英語可以譯為 to graft?!霸僦病保⒄Z可以譯為 to replant, to reattach。例如:
4. 為了爭取救他的在大火中燒傷的小兒子的性命,這位父親請醫(yī)生將他的皮膚移植到他的孩子身上。In a bid to save the life of his young son who had suffered burns in a fire, the father asked the doctors to graft his skin onto his child.5. 醫(yī)生們給這個工人做斷手再植手術(shù),花了幾乎10個小時。It took the doctors almost 10 hours to replant the workers severed hand.▲
(本欄目供稿:王逢鑫教授)