陸 剛
(武夷學(xué)院 外語系,福建 武夷山 354300)
準(zhǔn)確譯文與受眾的認(rèn)同程度
——以外宣文本翻譯為例
陸 剛
(武夷學(xué)院 外語系,福建 武夷山 354300)
準(zhǔn)確是政治翻譯的必然要求,而外宣翻譯又是政治翻譯的一個(gè)重要組成部分。各國執(zhí)政黨報(bào)告、政府工作報(bào)告等重要外宣文本,關(guān)乎國家大事,其內(nèi)容都經(jīng)過字斟句酌,反復(fù)修改后定稿的,一詞一句都有準(zhǔn)確的含義,體現(xiàn)其政治導(dǎo)向、法律法規(guī)等。因此,譯文即要準(zhǔn)確反映原文的思想,又要在受眾心目中產(chǎn)生意想不到的力量和效果。
外宣文本;翻譯;準(zhǔn)確;認(rèn)同
準(zhǔn)確是政治翻譯的必然要求,對外宣傳翻譯是政治翻譯的一個(gè)重要組成部分。各國政府部門和機(jī)構(gòu)在相互交往中,需要將本國重要的事務(wù)性或?qū)I(yè)性文件譯成對象國的語言。尤其是,各國執(zhí)政黨報(bào)告、政府工作報(bào)告等重要外宣文本,關(guān)乎國家大事,其內(nèi)容都是經(jīng)過字斟句酌,反復(fù)修改后定稿的,每一句話、每一個(gè)詞都有準(zhǔn)確的定義,體現(xiàn)其政治導(dǎo)向、法律法規(guī)等,外宣翻譯是否準(zhǔn)確直接影響到非本國人對本國現(xiàn)狀的了解程度。因此,譯文不能偏離原意,更不能曲解原意。作為譯者必須在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi),即要確保原文思想的準(zhǔn)確,又要產(chǎn)生意想不到的力量和效果。
什么叫準(zhǔn)確?這個(gè)問題并不象表面看來那么簡單。一詞多義在英語中普遍存在,這加大了尋求“與源語信息最貼近的自然對等物”的難度。一詞多義指的是在所屬語言社團(tuán)中已經(jīng)固化的語言表達(dá),是一種可以識(shí)別的互文積累,但這種互文積累對于非本族語的譯者來說,往往不太容易識(shí)別。譯者沒有把握原文特定語匯的語域參數(shù)和互文背景,就不可能真正把握其準(zhǔn)確的含義。大家一定還會(huì)記得2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的口號(hào) “同一個(gè)世界,同一個(gè)夢想”,其譯文是One World,One Dream.人們在贊賞它的同時(shí),可能沒有想到,“單一世界”這個(gè)術(shù)語正是出自O(shè)neWorld.[1]p13因此,在其語匯意義上有了很大的差別,其政治內(nèi)涵差別就更大?!皢我皇澜纭币恢笔俏鞣秸卧捳Z中的熱門話題,已經(jīng)是政治經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的常用詞,如“單一世界秩序”、“單一世界經(jīng)濟(jì)”等等。在希拉里競選美國總統(tǒng)時(shí),網(wǎng)上有這樣一篇文章,標(biāo)題是Hillary Clinton Supports a OneWorld Government(希拉里支持單一世界政府)。文章中,作者指責(zé)希拉里暗中支持單一世界政府的構(gòu)想,卻又不敢公開自己的這一立場。從這個(gè)意義上說,譯文的準(zhǔn)確就很值得商榷了。又如,2010年上海世博會(huì),以“城市,讓生活更美好”為主題,其譯文是Better City,Better Life.從字面上看雖然有些走樣,但是它能切實(shí)地反映出主題的深刻內(nèi)涵,即展示城市文明成果,交流城市建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),傳播城市發(fā)展理念。錢鐘書先生曾說過,“一國文字和另一國文字之間必然有距離,譯者理解和文風(fēng)跟原作品的內(nèi)容和形式之間也會(huì)有距離,而且譯者的體會(huì)和他自己的表達(dá)能力之間時(shí)常還會(huì)有距離。從一種文字出發(fā),積寸累尺地渡過那許許多多距離,安穩(wěn)地到達(dá)另一種文字里,這是很艱辛的歷程。一路上顛頓風(fēng)塵,遭遇風(fēng)險(xiǎn),不免有所遺失或受些損傷。因此,譯文總有失真和走樣的地方,在意義或口吻上違背或不盡貼合原文”。[2]p.697王克非認(rèn)為,這段話正是錢鐘書先生以其深厚的語言文化造詣,對譯者勞動(dòng)表達(dá)的充分的寬容和理解。與此同時(shí),他也指出了一個(gè)值得深思的現(xiàn)象:“從翻譯文化史角度看,譯本的忠實(shí)程度與該譯本在文化溝通上的作用之大小并無絕對的正比例關(guān)系”,而“有時(shí),從不準(zhǔn)確的譯本,或再造性質(zhì)的譯述中,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些具有文化意義的東西”。[3]p.122從“有中國特色的社會(huì)主義”到“中國特色社會(huì)主義”的演變過程,正是受眾對同一語匯的認(rèn)同過程。
把馬克思主義的普遍真理同我國的具體實(shí)際結(jié)合起來,走自己的道路,建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義,這就是我們總結(jié)長期歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出的基本結(jié)論。
We must integrate the universal truth of Marxism with the concrete realities of China,blaze a path of our own and build a socialism with Chinese characteristics——that is the basic conclusion we have reached after reviewing our long history.(鄧小平文選英譯本)
分析:“有中國特色的社會(huì)主義”這個(gè)概念最早出現(xiàn)在鄧小平在黨的十二大開幕式的講話。之后,鄧小平多次談到“有中國特色的社會(huì)主義”:
我們搞的現(xiàn)代化,是中國式的現(xiàn)代化。 我們建設(shè)的社會(huì)主義,是有中國特色的社會(huì)主義。(1983年6月18日)
The modernization we are striving for is modernization of a Chinese type.The socialism we are building is a socialism with Chinese characteristics.
連資本主義社會(huì)也不允許無法無天,何況我們堅(jiān)持的是社會(huì)主義制度,我們要建設(shè)的是具有中國特色的社會(huì)主義?。?987年1月13日)
Even capitalist society doesn’t allow people to defy the law;far less can we,who uphold the socialist system and want to build a Chinese-style socialism.
中國的民主是社會(huì)主義民主,是同社會(huì)主義法制相輔相成的。中國正是根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況,建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義。(1987年7月4日)
Democracy in China means socialist democracy,and our socialist democracy and socialist legal system complement each other.We are building a Chinese socialism.
我們要在建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義道路上繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。(1992年南巡講話)
We shall push ahead along the road to Chinesestyle socialism.
這里有幾種譯法:a socialism with Chinese characteristics,a Chinese-style socialism ,a Chinese socialism.應(yīng)該說,a socialism with Chinese characteristics這個(gè)譯法沒有錯(cuò),與中文完全對應(yīng),是直到目前最穩(wěn)妥的譯法。但是它有個(gè)缺點(diǎn),不夠簡潔。英美人士也接受這個(gè)短語,可是在行文中他們往往會(huì)給這個(gè)短語加上引號(hào),有時(shí)候會(huì)帶上調(diào)侃意味。如美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬的一些政策被其對手譏為 “socialism with American characteristics”。做個(gè)比較,去掉冠詞,socialism with Chinese characteristics有四個(gè)單詞12個(gè)音節(jié),音節(jié)之多,讀起來叫人有點(diǎn)喘不過氣來。Chinese-style socialism三個(gè)單詞7個(gè)音節(jié);而Chinese socialism只有兩個(gè)單詞6個(gè)音節(jié)。從這個(gè)中文詞語本身看,它也經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)演變的過程,最早是“有中國特色的社會(huì)主義”,后來變成“有中國特色社會(huì)主義”,到十六大才定為 “中國特色社會(huì)主義”。英譯時(shí)應(yīng)該簡約譯為Chinese socialism,因?yàn)镃hinese已經(jīng)完全具備with Chinese characteristics的意義,也容易為譯語受眾所接受。
經(jīng)過長期的翻譯實(shí)踐,以及對外宣文本英譯文的認(rèn)真研讀,認(rèn)為獲得準(zhǔn)確譯文至少有以下幾種辦法可以借鑒。
例1:使黨始終成為立黨為公、執(zhí)政為民,求真務(wù)實(shí)、改革創(chuàng)新,艱苦奮斗、清正廉潔,富有活力、團(tuán)結(jié)和諧的馬克思主義執(zhí)政黨。[7]
All this will enable the Party to remain a ruling Marxist party that is built for public interests and exer-cises governance for the people;a party that is realistic,pragmatic and committed to reform and innovation;a party that is hardworking and clean;and a party that is full of vigor and enjoys solidarity and harmony.
分析:外宣文本翻譯,首先要把文內(nèi)關(guān)鍵性的詞譯好?!傲Ⅻh為公、執(zhí)政為民”在十六大報(bào)告中譯成(For the Party)to rule for the public and exercise power for the people.“立黨”譯成 to rule,與“執(zhí)政”的意思沒有多大區(qū)別,離原文遠(yuǎn)了一些。而且這里的主語就變成我們的黨了,恐怕不太妥當(dāng)(不能黨來立黨)。因此,十七大報(bào)告中譯文有了較大的改進(jìn),把“立黨”用被動(dòng)式來處理,這個(gè)譯法表明“立黨”與“執(zhí)政”的主語有所區(qū)別。
例2:只有利益共享、責(zé)任共擔(dān)、互利共贏,才最符合自己和別國的利益。[8]
Our own interests and those of others are best served when we work together to expand common interests,share responsibilities and seek win-win outcomes.
分析:原文是2010年2月5日中國外長楊潔篪在慕尼黑安全政策會(huì)議上的講話,語言精練,含意深刻,三個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語之用將原文所含的特定意思表達(dá)的淋漓盡致,也是政治上慣用的行文。
在外宣文本中所用的詞匯成為定譯的很多。所謂定譯,指在某些范圍中的某些詞語在譯語中有固定的譯法,并已為國際上所接受。碰到這種情況就得使用定譯,不能自立譯法,否則會(huì)造成理解上的混亂。
例3:科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,第一要義是發(fā)展,核心是以人為本,基本要求是全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù),根本方法是統(tǒng)籌兼顧。[7]
The Scientific Outlook on Development takes development as its essence,putting people first as its core,comprehensive,balanced and sustainable development as its basic requirement,and overall consideration as its fundamental approach.
分析:“科學(xué)發(fā)展觀”在十七大報(bào)告中有了明確的定譯,此前,即在黨的十六屆三中全會(huì)以后,它的譯名出現(xiàn)多種形式,其中比較流行的有the concept of scientific development,the scientific concept of development,a scientific approach to development,a scientific strategy of development,the scientific viewpoint of development,相比之下,前兩種翻譯方法基本上屬于望文生義,無法表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵?!翱茖W(xué)發(fā)展觀”決不是簡單的概念。第三、四、五種譯法是典型的意譯,出現(xiàn)后得到國內(nèi)不少翻譯專家和國外主流媒體的認(rèn)可,流行過一段時(shí)間。定譯the Scientific Outlook on Development是目前最流行的版本,更多考慮其內(nèi)涵,也就是“以人為本,全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,統(tǒng)籌兼顧”。
例4:著力保障“米袋子”、“菜籃子”安全。[9]
We will ensure the security of the rice bag(grain supply)and vegetable basket(non-staple food supply).
分析:譯文采用直譯和意譯并舉,能更好地保留漢語形象,能更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)喻意,更帶有異國色彩。
在長句英譯時(shí),常需要妥善安排主述位(theme)與信息中心(information focus),以便能使信息傳遞流暢,達(dá)到句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡的效果。在英語中,語義信息上的尾心(end focus)與結(jié)構(gòu)上的尾重(end weight),往往是重合一致的?!坝捎谛滦畔⑼枰纫阎畔㈥愂龅母敿?xì),因此一個(gè)可稱為尾重的組織原則和尾心原則一起發(fā)揮作用也是不難想象的”[4]p.1362。但由于漢語結(jié)構(gòu)與英語很不相同,在漢譯英中又是很難兼顧尾心與尾重。
例5:支持加快海峽西岸經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)建設(shè),是進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮福建省比較優(yōu)勢,實(shí)現(xiàn)又好又快發(fā)展的迫切需要。[10]
It is imperative to support the faster development of the Economic Zone,If Fujian is to fully bring out its comparative advantage and achieve sound and fast development.
例6:是完善沿海地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)布局,推動(dòng)海峽西岸其他地區(qū)和臺(tái)商投資相對集中地區(qū)發(fā)展的重大舉措。[10]
It is an importantmeasure for perfecting economic layout of the coastal region and promote the development of the areas surrounding the Economic Zone as well as areas where investment from as Taiwan is concentrated.
例7:是加強(qiáng)兩岸交流合作,推進(jìn)祖國和平統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略部署。[10]
It is also a strategic step/move to improve cross-Strait exchanges and cooperation and promote the grand cause of peaceful reunification of themotherland.
2.4.1 變換用詞
例8:進(jìn)一步完善促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的政策,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)國家鼓勵(lì)類服務(wù)業(yè)用電、用水、用氣、用熱與工業(yè)基本同價(jià)。[9]
We will further improve policies for promoting development of the service sector,and gradually lower the electricity,water,gas,and heat rates for govern mentencouraged service industries to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.
例9:廣大公務(wù)員兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、勤勉盡責(zé),為保增長、保民生、保穩(wěn)定做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。[9]
Our civil servants are devoted,diligent and responsible,and they made positive contributions to sustaining economic growth and ensuring people’s wellbeing and maintaining stability.
例10:今年的主要著力點(diǎn)是拓市場、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促平衡。[9]
This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the structure of and promoting balance in foreign trade.
2.4.2 提取公因式
“提取公因式”譯例在外宣文本英譯文中十分豐富,尤其是常常重復(fù)動(dòng)詞、名詞或其它關(guān)鍵詞,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。英譯很少重復(fù)同一個(gè)詞。
例11:要發(fā)展社會(huì)主義民主,切實(shí)保障人民當(dāng)家作主的民主權(quán)利,特別是選舉權(quán)、知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)和監(jiān)督權(quán)。[9]
We will develop socialist democracy,and effectively safeguard the democratic right of the people asmasters of the country,particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed,participate in,express views on,and oversee government affairs.
例12:加強(qiáng)“三河三湖”等重點(diǎn)流域水污染防治和工作廢水廢氣廢渣治理。[9]
We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai,Hai,and Liao rivers and Tai,Chao,and Dianchi lakes,and improved the control of wastewater,gases and residues from industry.
例13:切實(shí)改進(jìn)行政執(zhí)法工作,努力做到規(guī)范執(zhí)法、公正執(zhí)法、文明執(zhí)法。[9]
We will effectively improve law enforcement in government administration and work to ensure that laws are enforced in a standard,fair and civil manner.
例14:黨中央對做好今年工作作出全面部署,強(qiáng)調(diào)要更加注重提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長質(zhì)量和效益,更加注重推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,更加注重推進(jìn)改革開放和自主創(chuàng)新,增強(qiáng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長活力和動(dòng)力,更加注重改善民生,保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定,更加注重統(tǒng)籌國內(nèi)國際兩個(gè)大局,努力實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。[11]
The Central Committee has made comprehensive arrangements to succeed in this year’s work by drawing up the “five points requiring greater attention.”It has emphasized the need to give greater attention to improving the quality and performance of economic growth;transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy;advancing reform,opening up,and independent innovation,and enhancing the vigor and vitality of economic growth,improving people’s wellbeing,and maintaining social harmony and stability;and taking both the international and domestic situations into consideration to achieve steady and rapid economic development.
但是,由于文字、結(jié)構(gòu)等因素,譯文也有重復(fù)的情況。
例15:拓展閩南文化、客家文化、媽祖文化等兩岸共同文化內(nèi)涵。[10]
We need to draw on the commonality of cultures shared by people on both sides of the Strait such as the Southern Fujian culture,the Hakka culture and the Matsu culture.
例16:加強(qiáng)對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)的支持。[9]
We will increase support fort for old revolutionary areas,ethnic minority areas,border areas and povertystricken areas.
2.4.3 代詞的指代作用
由于語用傳統(tǒng)和語言結(jié)構(gòu)上的原因,英語傾向于用代詞等來替代前面提到的部分,以避免重復(fù),而漢語中的重復(fù)現(xiàn)象是正常的,甚至是必要的??紤]到這一差異,漢譯英時(shí)要盡量用代詞等來替代前面提到的部分,以使英語譯文符合其表達(dá)習(xí)慣和風(fēng)格。
例17:黨的各級組織必須同中央保持一致,維護(hù)中央權(quán)威,保證中央政令暢通。[10]
The Party’s organizations at various levels should be strictly in keeping with the Party central committee,safeguard its authority and ensure the executing of its administrative decrees.
分析:原文中“中央”一詞重復(fù)兩次,這在漢語語境里是正常的,甚至是必要的,起到了強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。而在譯文中用了代詞,避免了重復(fù)。
例18:我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真落實(shí)黨的僑務(wù)政策,做好黨的僑務(wù)工作。[10]
We should implement the Party’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs and do a good job in this regard.
分析:除了用代詞來避免重復(fù)外,還可用有關(guān)的詞或詞組來替代前面替代的部分。這里用in this regard替代 overseas Chinese affairs,就與英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣聯(lián)系起來了。
修飾詞是指修飾名詞的形容詞或詞組和修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞的副詞或詞組。在外宣文本中,有一類修飾詞使用頻率很高,多與雙音節(jié)動(dòng)詞搭配,頗具表達(dá)力和感染力,如 “認(rèn)真貫徹”、“積極推進(jìn)”、“進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)”、“始終不渝高舉”、“全方位對接”等。對以漢語為母語的讀者來說,這種由“修飾詞+動(dòng)詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)寫起來順手,念起來順口,使用方便,喜聞樂見。可以說,這類修飾詞使用頻率甚高是現(xiàn)代漢語中一種特殊的語言現(xiàn)象。
例19:近年來,福建省大力推進(jìn)海峽西岸經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)建設(shè),綜合實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng),為了進(jìn)一步加快發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。[10]
In recent years,Fujian has vigorously pushed forward the establishment of the Economic Zone.The growing strength of the Province has laid a solid foundation for faster developmentof the Economic Zone.
例20:兩岸關(guān)系出現(xiàn)積極變化,為海峽西岸經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)加快發(fā)展和開展與臺(tái)灣地區(qū)合作提供了重要機(jī)遇。[10]
The positive changes in cross-Strait relations present important opportunities for accelerated development of the Economic Zone and cooperation with Taiwan.
文本中還多次出現(xiàn)“著力……”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。我們注意到,“著力”多用于總結(jié)性的內(nèi)容和布置任務(wù)的場合。
例21:著力推進(jìn)兩岸交流合作,促進(jìn)兩岸互利共贏。[10]
We should vigorously push ahead cross-Strait exchanges and communication,promote mutual benefit and advance win-win cooperation.
例22:著力改變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和增強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新能力,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和水平。[10]
We should vigorously change the pattern of economic development,promote independent innovation and raise the quality and level of economic development.
例23:著力統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)和區(qū)域發(fā)展,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性。[10]
We should coordinate development in urban and rural areas and in different regions,and balance economic growth with social progress.
例24:著力深化改革開放,增強(qiáng)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力和活力。[10]
We should strive to deepen reform and open wider to the outside and make economic growth more dynamic by givingmore impetus for it.
例25:著力改善民生,推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)。[10]
We should give priority to improving people’s livelihood and promote the building of a harmonious socialist society.
例26:著力加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè),提高可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力,將海峽西岸經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)建設(shè)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展、文化更加繁榮、綜合競爭力不斷增強(qiáng)、人民群眾安居樂業(yè)的和諧區(qū)域,為全局做出更大貢獻(xiàn)。[10]
We should make efforts to promote a conservation culture,build capacity for sustainable development and turn the Economic Zone into a harmonious region that enjoys sustained economic growth,flourishing culture and rising competitiveness,and where people are happy about their life and work.Then the Economic Zone will be able to contributemore to the overall development of our country.
以上(除例23外)可見,修飾詞使用頻率較高是現(xiàn)代漢語中的一種特有的語言現(xiàn)象。修飾詞具有其特殊的功能和作用。為了忠實(shí)地傳達(dá)原文信息,漢語修飾詞英譯時(shí)宜從嚴(yán)把握省略的尺度,即宜盡量譯出。這種從嚴(yán)的尺度是科學(xué)的、可取的。
綜上所述,譯文只有“貼近中國發(fā)展的實(shí)際,貼近國外受眾對中國信息的需求,貼近國外受眾的思維習(xí)慣,”[6]p.61才能在受眾心目中產(chǎn)生意想不到的力量和效果,引起受眾心靈上的感觸、撞擊、震撼和共鳴。
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[2]羅新璋.翻譯論集[C].北京:商務(wù)印書館,1984:697.
[3]王克非.翻譯文化史論 [M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,1997:122.
[4]Quirk,R.et.al.A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.Longman.1985
[5]程鎮(zhèn)球.翻譯問題探索[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,1980.
[6]陳小慰.外宣翻譯中“認(rèn)同”的建立[J].中國翻譯,2007(1):61.
[7]HU J.T.Report to the 17th National Congress of CPC[J].Beijing Review,2007(I).
[8]YANG.J.C.Address at the Munich Security Conference[J]Beijing Review,2010.
[9]WEN J.B.Report on theWork of the Government[J].Beijing Review,2010(I).
[10]國務(wù)院關(guān)于支持福建省加快建設(shè)海峽西岸經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的若干意見[EB/OL].http://www.stnn.cc/china/200905/t20090514_1026750.htm l,2009-5-14.
[11]WU B.G Report on theWork of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress[J].Beijing Review,2010(14).
Target Textw ith Accuracy and Identification Degree of Readers
LU Gang
(Foreign Language Department ofWuyi University,Wuyishan,Fujian 354300)
Accuracy is the inevitable require of political translation,while foreign propaganda translation takes an important role of it.The foreign propaganda documents such as Report to the Party or Report on the Work of the Government which involve their most important events.It should be issued by perfect writing with accuracy words and has its special meaning which embodies the political guidance,laws and regulars.The target text should not only reflect the source text with accuracy butal so unthinkable power and effect.
foreign propaganda document;translation;accuracy;identification
H315.9
A
1674-2109(2011)03-0057-06
2011-03-06
陸 剛 (1960-),男,漢族,副教授,主要研究方向:英漢語對比與翻譯。