唐浩熙 李介華 張小勇 陸灶其 梁大立 李冬秀
【摘要】 目的 探討肌鈣蛋白I (cTnI)、肌紅蛋白(Mb)定量檢測(cè)在心血管疾病中的臨床價(jià)值。 方法 A組:健康對(duì)照組100例,男女各50例,平均52歲。于早晨空腹取靜脈血3 ml送檢。B組:冠心病患者153例,男94例,女59例,于早晨空腹取靜脈血3 ml送檢;C組:急性心肌梗死(AMI)無合并癥組158例,其中男121例,女37例,年齡24~86歲,平均66歲,于胸痛發(fā)作后3 h抽靜脈血3 ml送檢。D組:AMI合并心力衰竭組146例,男 118 例,女28 例。年齡40~84歲,平均65歲,于胸痛發(fā)作后3 h臨床表現(xiàn)為有心力衰竭癥狀時(shí)抽靜脈血3 ml送檢。A、B 、C、D組全部采用全自動(dòng)微粒子化學(xué)發(fā)光分析儀定量檢測(cè)cTnI、Mb 。結(jié)果 A組cTnI濃度為(0.27±0.18) μg/L ,Mb濃度為(42±21 )μg/L;B組cTnI濃度為(0.45±0.17) μg/L ,Mb濃度為(46±20 )μg/L,A組與B組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( P=0.52,P>0.5);C組cTnI濃度為(16.71±14.19)μg/L ,Mb濃度為(522±392)μg/L;D組cTnI濃度為(25.01±19.12)μg/L ,Mb濃度為(936±712)μg/L;B組與C、D組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000,P<0.01);C組與D組比較差異具有非常顯著性的意義(P=0.002,P<0.01)。結(jié)論 cTnI、Mb對(duì)冠心病患者繼發(fā)急性心肌梗死有很高的診斷價(jià)值,對(duì)有胸痛癥狀的冠心病患者檢測(cè)cTnI、Mb可早期診斷AMI,及時(shí)溶栓和治療。從C組和D組的結(jié)果來看,D組cTnI 、Mb比C組顯著增高,因此,當(dāng)cTnI濃度達(dá)到(25.01±19.12)μg/L,Mb濃度達(dá)到(936±712)μg/L時(shí),可合并心力衰竭。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 肌鈣蛋白I;肌紅蛋白;急性心肌梗死;冠心?。欢?;價(jià)值
Troponin I and myoglobin in the quantitative detection of cardiovascular disease in the applied research TANG Hao-xi,LI Jie-hua,ZHANG Xiao-yong,et al.The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Jinan University,Qingyuan City Peoples Hospital,Qingyuan,Guangdong Province 511500,China
【Abstract】 Objective Discussion troponin I (cTnI),myoglobin (Mb) in the quantitative detection of cardiovascular disease in clinical value.Methods Group A:control group of 100 healthy me n and women of all 50 people,average age 52 years old.Venous access in the morning on an empty stomach 3 ml inspection.Group B:153 patients with coronary heart disease,94 men,59 women,on an empty stomach in the morning,take blood 3 ml inspection;C:acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without complications group of 158 people,121 cases of men,37 women patients,aged 24-86 years old,the average 66-year-old,at 3 hours after onset of chest pain pump blood 3 ml inspection.D Group:AMI heart failure combined group of 146 people,118 men and 28 women.Age 40-84 years old,the average 65-year-old,at 3 hours after chest pain onset of clinical performance for heart failure symptoms when blood pumping 3 ml inspection.A,B,C,D groups the use of fully automated microparticle chemiluminescence analyzer quantitative detection of cTnI,Mb.Results A group of cTnI concentration of (0.27 ± 0.18) μg/L,Mb concentration of(42 ± 21) μg/L;B group cTnI concentration of (0.45 ± 0.17 )μg/L,Mb concentration of(46 ± 20) μg/L,A and group B group differences There was no significant meaning (P= 0.52,P> 0.5);C group cTnI concentration of (16.71 ± 14.19)μg/L,Mb concentration of(522 ± 392)μg/L;D group cTnI concentration of(25.01 ± 19.12)μg/L,Mb concentration To (936 ± 712)μg/L;B and Group C,D group differences in a very significant meaning (P= 0.000,P<0.01);C Group D and group differences in a very significant meaning (P= 0.002,P<0.01).ConclusionS cTnI,Mb of coronary heart disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction secondary diagnosis of a very high value on the symptoms of chest pain in patients with coronary heart disease detection of cTnI,Mb to the early diagnosis of AMI,and thrombolytic therapy in a timely manner.From Group C and Group D results,D group cTnI,Mb than the C group were significantly increased,so that when the concentration of cTnI reached (25.01 ± 19.12)μg/L,Mb concentration reached (936 ± 712)μg/L,could be merged with heart failure.
【Key words】 Troponin I;Myoglobin;Acute myocardial infarction;Coronary heart disease;Quantitative;Value
探討心血管疾病患者與肌鈣蛋白I、肌紅蛋白濃度的關(guān)系,并了解心肌蛋白在冠心病、AMI無合并癥、AMI合并心力衰竭患者中的水平變化,本文對(duì)153例冠心病、158例AMI無合并癥與146例AMI合并心力衰竭患者進(jìn)行cTnI、Mb定量檢測(cè),以探討其臨床價(jià)值,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1 材料和方法
1.1 病例選擇 ①A組:健康對(duì)照組100例,全部為本院保健科健康體檢人員,男50例,女50例,年齡21~66歲,平均46歲,經(jīng)全面檢查均無心、肝、肺、腎等疾病,符合健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②B組:冠心病患者153例,男94例,女59例,診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按歐洲心臟學(xué)會(huì)制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為依據(jù);③ C組:AMI無合并癥組158例均為我院住院患者,其中男121例,女37例,年齡24~86歲,平均66歲,均有胸痛等臨床表現(xiàn),結(jié)合心電圖及心肌蛋白(cTnI Mb)改變而證實(shí);④D組:AMI合并心力衰竭患者146例均為本院住院患者,男118例,女28例。均有呼吸困難,心率>100次/min,兩肺可聞濕性啰音與臨床表現(xiàn),結(jié)合心電圖及心肌蛋白(cTnI Mb)改變而證實(shí),心力衰竭的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按歐洲心臟學(xué)會(huì)制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為依據(jù)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 標(biāo)本采集 A、B兩組于09:00空腹抽靜脈血3 ml送檢;C組:于胸痛發(fā)作后3 h抽靜脈血3 ml送檢。D組:于胸痛發(fā)作后3 h臨床表現(xiàn)為有心力衰竭癥狀時(shí)抽靜脈血3 ml送檢。
1.2.2 標(biāo)本檢測(cè)方法及試劑 cTnI Mb采用美國(guó)BECKMAN COULTER公司提供的ACCESS2全自動(dòng)微粒子化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析系統(tǒng)檢測(cè),操作由專業(yè)人員嚴(yán)格按儀器操作規(guī)程操作,試劑由日本株式會(huì)社提供。陽性標(biāo)準(zhǔn):cTnI >0.5 μg/L,Mb>70 μg/L。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)采用成組設(shè)計(jì),兩組間比較用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。全部數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 10.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 對(duì)照組與B、C、D組cTnI Mb含量關(guān)系見下表1。
2.2 A組與B組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.52,P>0.5);B組與C、D組比較差異具有非常顯著性的意義(P=0.000,P<0.01);C組與D組比較差異具有非常顯著性的意義(P=0.002,P<0.01)。
3 討論
3.1 冠心病主要是供給心臟營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的血管-冠狀動(dòng)脈發(fā)生嚴(yán)重粥樣硬化或痙攣,使冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄或阻塞,以及血栓形成造成管腔閉塞,導(dǎo)致心肌缺血缺氧或梗死的一種心臟病,亦稱缺血性心臟病[1]。心肌梗死一般是由于冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化引起管腔狹窄,血管內(nèi)膜粗糙不平,局部血流通過減少或緩慢,血小板聚集、吸附和血栓形成,致使冠脈閉塞,相應(yīng)的心肌發(fā)生急性缺血性壞死所致。AMI的心肌病理改變是缺血缺氧,細(xì)胞內(nèi)容物外滲,嚴(yán)重者為不可逆性心肌壞死。目前,國(guó)外臨床資料[2-6]均認(rèn)為,相對(duì)心肌酶標(biāo)志物,cTnI能更早提供AMI診斷依據(jù)。心絞痛后(3.2±1.2) h內(nèi)可在血中出現(xiàn)并被檢測(cè)到,再灌注患者cTnI峰值出現(xiàn)于心絞痛后12 h[7]。cTnI 是肌鈣蛋白復(fù)合體中亞單位之一,參與鈣離子誘導(dǎo)的肌肉收縮,心肌和骨骼肌中的肌鈣蛋白由不同具有獨(dú)特氨基序列的基因決定的,所以,cTnI具有組織特異性。cTnI僅存于心肌細(xì)胞中[8],為心肌特異型的肌鈣蛋白,其敏感性和特異性比CK-MB高,是高度特異、高度靈敏的反映心肌細(xì)胞損傷壞死的標(biāo)志物[9,10]。正常人血液中含量一般低于0.5 μg/L,當(dāng)心肌細(xì)胞缺血缺氧,心肌細(xì)胞發(fā)生可逆性損傷時(shí),游離的cTnI從被損的細(xì)胞膜釋放入血液,造成短暫而迅速升高,如發(fā)生不可逆性損傷時(shí),結(jié)合部分的cTnI從肌纖維上降解下來,不斷釋放,導(dǎo)致血中cTnI持續(xù)升高[11-12]。
3.2 當(dāng)冠心病患者的冠狀動(dòng)脈硬化并發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈痙攣時(shí),可引起心肌缺血,心肌細(xì)胞壞死。cTnI Mb增高[13]。如較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的冠脈持續(xù)痙攣可使冠脈管腔由部分阻塞變?yōu)橥耆枞?,隨之發(fā)生梗死;或因冠脈痙攣擠壓原有的粥樣斑塊使其破裂出血,并繼發(fā)血栓形成而致急性心肌梗死,這時(shí)cTnI Mb可顯著增高[14-15]。因此,cTnI Mb對(duì)冠心病患者是否發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈痙攣或因冠脈痙攣擠壓原有的粥樣斑塊使其破裂出血,并繼發(fā)血栓形成而致急性心肌梗死有很高的診斷價(jià)值,對(duì)有胸痛癥狀的冠心病患者檢測(cè)cTnI Mb可早期診斷AMI,及時(shí)溶栓和治療。
3.3 心力衰竭患者由于改變了冠狀動(dòng)脈血流儲(chǔ)備,心肌氧供應(yīng)失常,導(dǎo)致心肌損傷,cTnI外漏并通過受損細(xì)胞膜彌散進(jìn)入細(xì)胞間質(zhì),隨之進(jìn)入血管,引起cTnI升高[16],AMI合并心力衰竭主要是冠狀動(dòng)脈阻塞引起心肌缺血缺氧,引起心肌細(xì)胞損傷甚至死亡,導(dǎo)致心力衰竭,受損或死亡的心肌細(xì)胞大量釋放cTnI入血,導(dǎo)致cTnI濃度顯著升高[17-18]。從C組和D組的結(jié)果來看,D組cTnI Mb比C組顯著增高,因此,當(dāng)cTnI濃度達(dá)到(25.01±19.12)μg/L ,Mb濃度達(dá)到(936±712)μg/L時(shí),可合并心力衰竭。
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