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新目標(biāo)英語八年級(下)Unit?。薄眨睿椋簦持R要點(diǎn)精講

2009-03-30 09:46劉艷梅
關(guān)鍵詞:副詞謂語形容詞

劉艷梅

Unit1

【知識要點(diǎn)1】 can;be able to

can和be able to 二者都可以表示“能;會”,其區(qū)別在于:

1) be able to的過去時(shí)還可以表示一種“經(jīng)過努力做到某事”的意思,can的過去時(shí)則沒有這種意義。例如:

He started late, but he was able to catch the eight oclock train. 他出發(fā)晚了,但他還是趕上了八點(diǎn)鐘的火車。

2) can通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí),而be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

Will you be able to come to our party? 你能參加我們的聚會嗎?

He hasnt been able to go to office for a month. 他已經(jīng)一個(gè)月沒能上班了。

3) 在表示猜測時(shí),只能用can, 而不能用be able to。例如:

Mr. Green cant be at home now. 現(xiàn)在格林先生不可能在家。

【知識要點(diǎn)2】 such; so

【辨析】 so與such都表示“如此的;這么;這樣”,so用來修飾形容詞和副詞;而such常用來修飾名詞。例如:

He works so hard. 他工作那么努力。

She is such a good girl. 她真是個(gè)好女孩。

【知識要點(diǎn)3】 People will live to be 200 years old.

句中的live to be ...意為“活到……”。例如:

She lived to be a hundred. 她活到了100歲。

live 用作不及物動詞時(shí),還可以表示“居??;過生活;活著”的意思,后面可接副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語等作狀語。例如:

I lived in Shanghai two years ago. 兩年前我住在上海。

Though he is in poor health, the old man is living happily. 盡管身體不好,這個(gè)老人還是愉快地生活著。

【知識要點(diǎn)4】 Ill live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.

fall in love with ...意為“愛上(某人或某物)”。例如: As soon as I got there, I fell in love with the beautiful city. 我一到那里,就喜歡上了那座美麗的城市。

He fell in love with that lovely girl. 他愛上了那個(gè)可愛的女孩。

【知識要點(diǎn)5】 Predicting the future can be difficult.

predicting the future 是動名詞短語,在句中作主語。這類短語作主語時(shí),謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。例如: Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操對你的身體有好處。

【知識要點(diǎn)6】 There are many famous predictions that never came true.

1) come true 意為“實(shí)現(xiàn);達(dá)到”。例如:

Ones dreams do not always come true. 一個(gè)人的夢想并不總是能夠成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的。

2) 句中的that 是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,其先行詞是predictions。predictions that never came true 意為“從來就沒實(shí)現(xiàn)過的預(yù)言”。例如:

These are the things that you need. 這些是你需要的東西。

【知識要點(diǎn)7】 People in the future have their own robots.

in the future 意為“將來;未來”,相當(dāng)于in the time yet to come; in future意為“從今以后”,相當(dāng)于from now on。試比較:

Who can tell what will happen in the future? 誰能知道將來會發(fā)生什么事?

Pay much attention to your handwriting in future. 今后要特別注意你的書寫。

【知識要點(diǎn)8】 He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.

句中that引導(dǎo)的從句作謂語動詞thinks 的賓語。從句是“it + be + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句式,其中it是形式主語,to do sth. 是真正的主語,句中的介詞for引出不定式短語的邏輯主語a robot。例如:

It was really not easy for me to get up early on Sunday mornings. 對我來說,要在星期日早上早起確實(shí)不容易。

Unit2

【知識要點(diǎn)1】 also, too, as well 和either

also, too, as well 和either這四個(gè)詞都意為“也”,但用法不同。

also用于肯定句,一般放在be動詞和助動詞之后、行為動詞之前。例如:

Im a teacher. He is also a teacher. 我是一名教師,他也是(教師)。

too用于肯定句,位于句尾,常用逗號分開。例如:

We are middle school students. They are middle school students, too. 我們是中學(xué)生,他們也是中學(xué)生。

as well 在口語中用得較多,用法和too相同。例如:

Tom is the captain of the football team, and is on baseball team as well. 湯姆是足球隊(duì)長,同時(shí)也是棒球隊(duì)隊(duì)員。

either只用于否定句中,置于句尾,且前面常有逗號分開。例如:

If you dont go there, I wont, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。

【知識要點(diǎn)2】 Whats wrong?

此句用來詢問對方“怎么了?發(fā)生了什么事?”,類似的表達(dá)方法還有Whats the matter/ the trouble?

如果詢問的是第三方,可用Whats wrong / the matter / the trouble with sb./sth.?表達(dá)。例如:

Whats wrong with your computer? 你的電腦怎么了?

Whats the matter/ the trouble with your mother? 你母親怎么了/出了什么事?

【知識要點(diǎn)3】 I argued with my best friend.

argue 意為“爭辯;爭論”,argue with sb. 意為“與某人爭論”,argue with sb. about sth.意為“為某事與某人爭辯”;argue sb. into doing sth.意為“盡力勸說某人做某事”。例如:

Dont argue with your mother. 不要與你母親爭辯。

Theyre always arguing with each other about money. 他們彼此總是為錢爭吵。

We argued him into traveling with us. 我們盡力勸他同我們一起去旅游。

【知識要點(diǎn)4】 Maybe you should call him up.

should 用作情態(tài)動詞,表示責(zé)任、義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)該;理應(yīng)”,也可表示一種估計(jì)或推測。should 的否定形式是should not,可縮寫成shouldnt。例如:

We should keep the school rules. 我們應(yīng)該遵守校規(guī)。(表示責(zé)任或義務(wù))

We should respect our teachers and parents. 我們應(yīng)該尊敬老師和父母。(表示道義)

Jenny left yesterday and should arrive today. 詹妮昨天動身,今天應(yīng)該到達(dá)。(表示推測)

【知識要點(diǎn)5】 Im very upset and dont know what to do.

what to do是動詞不定式短語,它由“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”構(gòu)成。動詞不定式短語通常在句中充當(dāng)賓語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。比如I dont know what to do.就相當(dāng)于I dont know what I should do. (我不知道我該做什么。)

【知識要點(diǎn)6】 ... but now parents seem to push their children a lot more.

seem 意為“看起來;似乎”。后面可以接形容詞、動詞不定式或as if引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

He seems (to be) quite happy. 他似乎十分快樂。

I seem to have lost my keys. 我覺得好像丟了鑰匙。

It seems as if it is going to rain. 看樣子要下雨了。

【知識要點(diǎn)7】 Doctors say many children are under too much pressure.

1) under 意為“承受著;處于……狀態(tài)中”,多指壓力、負(fù)荷、條件、制約等。例如:

At last we brought the fire under control. 我們終于控制住了火勢。

The matter is still under discussion. 這個(gè)問題還在討論之中。

2) too much 與much too 的區(qū)別:

too much 意為“太多”,用作名詞詞組時(shí),在句中作賓語或表語;用作副詞詞組時(shí),修飾動詞;用作形容詞詞組時(shí),修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:

Dont speak too much. 別講得太多。

I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice. 我不喜歡冬天,因?yàn)橛刑嗟难┖捅?/p>

much too 意為“太;非?!?,用作副詞詞組,修飾形容詞或副詞。例如:

Its much too cold today. 今天太冷了。

The old man walked much too slowly. 這位老人走得太慢了。

Unit3

【知識要點(diǎn)1】 when和while

when和while這兩個(gè)詞都可以作連詞用,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,兩者用法區(qū)別如下:

when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動詞,既可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是終止性的。例如:

When I got home, my little brother was watching TV. 我到家的時(shí)候,弟弟正在看電視。

When I was doing my homework, she came in. 我正在做作業(yè)時(shí),她進(jìn)來了。

while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動詞,必須是延續(xù)性的。例如:

While we were having dinner, the telephone rang. 當(dāng)我們吃飯時(shí),電話鈴響了。

若我們翻譯“當(dāng)他進(jìn)來時(shí),我正在看電視。”時(shí),只能說:

When he came in, I was watching TV.

而不能說:

While he came in, I was watching TV.

【知識要點(diǎn)2】 happen和take place

happen和take place都有“發(fā)生”的意思,都是不及物動詞,都沒有被動語態(tài)。兩者的不同之處在于:

happen 指某個(gè)事件的“突然發(fā)生”,主語往往是表示事件、事故的名詞或代詞。當(dāng)happen后接動詞不定式或用于It happens (to sb.) that中時(shí),則意為“碰巧”。例如:

I dont know what is happening in that building these days. 我不知道那棟樓房里這幾天發(fā)生著什么事。

The traffic accident happened under my eyes. 我親眼目睹了這場交通事故。

My cousin happened not to be at home. 我的表兄碰巧不在家。

take place 意為“發(fā)生;舉行”時(shí),常指某事件是按意圖或計(jì)劃“發(fā)生”的,不含偶然的意味。例如: When did the popular concert take place? 那場流行音樂會是什么時(shí)候開始的?

Great changes have taken place in our country since 1980. 自從1980年以來,我們國家發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。

在不強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性與計(jì)劃性的場合,兩者可以通用。例如:

What has happened / taken place? 發(fā)生了什么?

【知識要點(diǎn)3】 While John was walking to school, he saw a cat in a tree.

in a tree 和on a tree都意為“在樹上”,但用法不同。介詞in 意為“在……范圍內(nèi)”,當(dāng)表達(dá)“鳥、猴、松鼠、貓等活物停在樹上”時(shí),用in a tree。例如:

Is there a bird in the tree? 樹上有只鳥嗎?

Look! Some monkeys are playing in the tree. 看!一些猴子正在樹上嬉耍。

當(dāng)表達(dá)“蘋果、香蕉、梨等長在樹上”時(shí),則用on a tree。例如:

There are many apples on the tree. 樹上結(jié)著許多蘋果。

【知識要點(diǎn)4】 She didnt think about looking outside the station.

Each team thinks of 5 questions.

think about 與think of 的用法區(qū)別:

think about 意為“考慮; 想到(某人或某事)”。例如:

Ill think about it. 我會考慮這件事。

Mike was thinking about his friends in the countryside. 邁克想起了他鄉(xiāng)下的朋友。

think of 意為“考慮;打算;醞釀;思考;想”等。例如:

Im thinking of going to town this afternoon. 我打算今天下午進(jìn)城去。

She is always thinking of others. 她總為別人著想。

當(dāng)表達(dá)“對……有某種看法”時(shí),兩者可以互換。例如:

We are thinking about / of going to Shanghai for our holidays. 我們正在考慮去上海度假的事。

What do you think of / about the film? 你認(rèn)為那部影片怎么樣?

【知識要點(diǎn)5】 ... when they heard about the event.

... when they heard the news of important events in history.

hear 與hear about都可意為“聽說”,但用法不同。hear 后面跟賓語從句,hear about 后面跟名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing 形式。例如:

We are sorry to hear that you are ill. 聽說你病了,我們很難過。

Did you hear about the accident yesterday? 昨天那場事故你聽說了嗎?

hear 還可意為“聽見;聽到”,后接名詞、代詞、不帶to 的動詞不定式或v-ing 充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

He heard a knock at the door. 他聽見有人敲門。

We often hear her sing this song. 我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌。

【知識要點(diǎn)6】 Although some people may not remember who murdered him, they remember what they were doing ...

although (= though) 是連詞,意為“雖然”,用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。例如:

Although it was very late, we went to meet him at the station. 雖然很晚了,但我們還是去車站接了他。

注意:although /though不能與but 連用,但although 可以與yet, still連用。

試譯:雖然他年齡大了,但他工作很努力。

【誤】 Although he was old, but he worked hard.

【正】 Although he was old, (yet) he worked hard.

【正】 He was old, but he worked hard.

【知識要點(diǎn)7】 Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.

not all表達(dá)一種部分否定的概念,意為“不全是”。例如:

Not all of them went to the cinema yesterday evening. 昨晚他們并不是都去看電影了。(部分否定)

若要表達(dá)一種全盤否定的概念,要用none。例如: None of them went to the cinema yesterday evening. 昨晚他們都沒有去看電影。

as ... as 意為“像……

一樣”,這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞或副詞必須是原級,不能用比較級。例如:

This problem is as important as that one. 這個(gè)問題與那個(gè)問題一樣重要。

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