王明明

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是初中英語語法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一，也是各省、市中考命題的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查作一歸納和簡析, 供同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)參考。

【考點(diǎn)一】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法

在線點(diǎn)撥一 ：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,并終止于過去, 但其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。句中常含有 already(已經(jīng)), just(剛剛), yet(尚，還), ever(曾經(jīng)), never(從不), before(以前)等明確的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志。有時(shí)句中雖然沒有明確的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志,但上下文卻暗示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。

【典型考題】

1. —What are you going to do this Sunday?

—I ________________yet. (紹興市)

A. wont decide B. didnt decide

C. havent decided D. dont decide

2. —Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?

—No, I wont. I ________________it already. (南京市)

A. saw B. have seen C. seeD. will see

在線點(diǎn)撥二：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以用來表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。這時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中常含有 recently / these days, so far, up till now,“in the last / past + 一段時(shí)間”,“for + 一段時(shí)間”或“since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)/謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)的句子”等時(shí)間狀語。

【典型考題】

3. —Our country ________________a lot so far.

—Yes, I hope it will be even ________________. (包頭市)

A. has changed; well B. have changed; good

C. have changed; better D. has changed; better

4. The life we were used to ________________greatly since 1992. (蘇州市)

A. change B. has changed

C. changing D. have changed

【考點(diǎn)二】 考查 have / has gone to， have / has been to與have / has been in / at的區(qū)別

在線點(diǎn)撥：“have / has gone to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒；“have / has been in +地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長時(shí)間”，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語連用；“have / has been to +地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）。其中 have / has gone to主要與already, just等詞連用, have / has been to則與ever, twice, before 等詞語連用, have / has been in / at ... 須與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

【典型考題】

5. —Where can I find Jack?

—He ________________the post office. (武漢市)

A. has been to B. had been to

C. has gone to D. had gone to

6. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?

—Very much, of course. I ________________this school since I moved here. (黃岡市)

A. came to B. have gone to

C. have been at D. have been to

【考點(diǎn)三】考查延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的運(yùn)用

在線點(diǎn)撥：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常要用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替。常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及替代形式如下： come ／ arrive→be here ／ in; come ／ get back→be back; go ／ leave→be away; become→be; borrow→keep; buy→have; begin ／ start→be on; die→be dead; join→be in ／ be a member of ．．．； catch a cold→have a cold等。

【典型考題】

7. —How long have you ________________the book?

—For several weeks. (青島市)

A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. had

【考點(diǎn)四】考查與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

在線點(diǎn)撥：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語（如yesterday， last week， a moment ago等）連用。

【典型考題】

8. —________________ you ________________your homework yet？

—Yes． I ________________ it a moment ago．（甘肅）

A． Did; do; finished

B． Have; done; finished

C． Have; done; have finished

D． Will; do; finish

Keys: 1~5 CBDBC6~8 CDB