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名詞是歷年中考的考查熱點(diǎn)之一。同學(xué)們?cè)诮獯疬@類試題的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了不少錯(cuò)誤。為幫助同學(xué)們更好地掌握名詞的基本用法,本文僅以2008年全國(guó)部分省市的中考試題為例,對(duì)其作一簡(jiǎn)析,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。
1. (2008遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市) At the end of the volleyball match, our school______won by 3∶1.
A. members B. group C. team D. fans
[答案與解析] 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是可數(shù)名詞,且意義相近。 member是指“班級(jí)、小組或組織中的成員”; group意為“小組”; team意為“隊(duì)、團(tuán)隊(duì)”; fan意為“愛(ài)好者”。根據(jù)句意,我們不難看出,贏得比賽的應(yīng)該是我們的“校隊(duì)”。全句意為:“排球比賽結(jié)束時(shí),我們的校隊(duì)以3:1獲勝?!?故正確答案為C。
2. (2008山東省) —Do you like to listen to “Mozart(莫扎特)”?
—Yes. Listening to _________ is my favorite.
A. songs B. music C. stories D. news
[答案與解析] A項(xiàng)意為“歌曲”; B項(xiàng)意為“音樂(lè)、樂(lè)曲”; C項(xiàng)意為“故事”; D項(xiàng)意為“新聞”。莫扎特是作曲家,他寫(xiě)出的應(yīng)該是“樂(lè)曲”,而不是“歌曲”,當(dāng)然更不可能是“故事”或者“新聞”。故正確答案為B。
3. (2008山西省太原市) Jack is interested in reading very much, so his parents often take him to the_________.
A. library B. concert C. cinema
[答案與解析] library意為“圖書(shū)館”; concert意為“音樂(lè)會(huì)”; cinema意為“電影院”。既然“杰克對(duì)讀書(shū)很感興趣”,當(dāng)然他父母應(yīng)該經(jīng)常帶他去“圖書(shū)館”了,而不應(yīng)該帶他去參加“音樂(lè)會(huì)”,更不會(huì)帶他去“電影院”。故正確答案為A。
4. (2008浙江省寧波市) We have no_________ in the fridge. Lets go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
A. vegetables B. eggs C. meat D. fruit
[答案與解析] vegetables意為“蔬菜”; eggs意為“雞蛋”; meat意為“肉(類)”; fruit意為“水果”。題干后面一句中提到的peas, carrots和cabbages都屬于“蔬菜”。我們之所以要去買這些“蔬菜”,就是因?yàn)楸淅餂](méi)有“vegetables”了。故正確答案為A。
5. (2008重慶市) Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite __________ .
A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
[答案與解析] worker意為“工人”; teacher意為“教師”; dancer意為“舞蹈家”; player意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)員”。前一句意為:“在昨天的籃球比賽中,姚明打得好?!彼?dāng)然是“我”最喜歡的籃球“運(yùn)動(dòng)員”。故正確答案為D。
6. (2008河北?。?Can you imagine what life will be like in_________ time?
A. 20 years B. 20 years
C. 20-years D. 20-years
[答案與解析] 此句的意思是:“你能想象20年后的生活是什么樣子嗎?”表示“20年的時(shí)間”可用20 years time。 故正確答案為A。
7. (2008湖北省武漢市) —Bill is ill. Do you know whats wrong with him?
—Poor boy. His illness is the _____________ of eating unhealthy food.
A. result B. cause C. reason D. end
[答案與解析] result意為“結(jié)果”; cause意為“原因”; reason意為“理由”; end意為“結(jié)尾、結(jié)束”。比爾生病是因?yàn)槌粤瞬唤】档氖称?,換一句話說(shuō),就是比爾吃了不健康的食品,結(jié)果生病了。因此,正確答案為A。
8. (2008湖北省武漢市) —Hurry up, Jack!
—Just give me five minutes to put my desk in __________.
A. time B. line C. order D. shape
[答案與解析] in time意為“及時(shí)”; in line意為“成直線”; in order意為“整齊”; in shape意為“在外形上”。 “put sth in order”意為“把……放整齊”。故正確答案為C。
9. (2008北京市) Betty likes _________ very much. She draws pictures every day.
A. art B. music C. sport D. science
[答案與解析] art意為“藝術(shù)”; music意為“音樂(lè)”; sport意為“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”; science意為“科學(xué)”。從后一句“She draws pictures every day.”我們可以看出,貝蒂喜歡的應(yīng)該是“藝術(shù)”。故正確答案為A。
10. (2008天津市) Hey! If you want to find out about new cartoons, have a look at this_______. Its great.
A. time B. website C. photo D. rock
[答案與解析] time意為“時(shí)間”; website意為“網(wǎng)站”; photo意為“照片”; rock意為“巖石”。我們可以想一想,“如果你想查找新的卡通”,去哪里最合適呢?當(dāng)然是“網(wǎng)站”了。故正確答案為B。
11. (2008河南?。?When I hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were no_________ left on that plane.
A. places B. seats C. space D. room
[答案與解析] 此句的意思為:“當(dāng)我急匆匆地到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),窗戶旁邊的那位女士告訴我飛機(jī)上已經(jīng)沒(méi)有座位了?!薄白弧睉?yīng)該用seats表示。 place意為“地方”, space和room意為“空間”,均為不可數(shù)名詞,不宜填入空白處。故正確答案為B。
12. (2008山東?。?He didnt tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a _________.
A. kiss B. surprise C. chance D. gift
[答案與解析] kiss意為“親吻”; surprise意為“驚喜”; chance意為“機(jī)會(huì)”; gift意為“禮物”。此句的意思為:“他沒(méi)有告訴父母他要回家,因?yàn)樗虢o他們一個(gè)驚喜?!惫收_答案為B。
13. (2008吉林?。?Of all the vegetables, I like _________ best.
A. potatoes B. eggs C. milk D. apples
[答案與解析] potatoes意為“土豆”; eggs意為“雞蛋”; milk意為“牛奶”; apples意為“水果”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有potatoes屬于vegetables, 故正確答案為A。
14. (2008安徽省) The music made me think of the _________ of a running stream.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
[答案與解析] shout意為“大聲喊叫”; noise意為“噪音”,常指不悅耳的吵鬧聲; voice指人的“嗓音”; sound意為“聲音、聲響”。“這種音樂(lè)讓我想起的”應(yīng)該是溪水流動(dòng)的“sound”, 故正確答案為D。
15. (2008浙江省杭州市) As there were not enough chairs in the park, they had to sit on the ________.
A. ground B. earth C. land D. field
[答案與解析] ground意為“地面”; earth意為“地球”; land意為“陸地”,是與“水面”相對(duì)而言; field意為“土地”。從句意為“由于公園里椅子不夠用”,他們不能坐在椅子上,那么,他們就不得不坐在“地上”,故正確答案為A。
16. (2008浙江省杭州市) I bought ________ China Daily from a street-corner machine this morning.
A. a page of B. a piece of
C. a copy of D. a book of
[答案與解析] 此句句意為“今天早上我在街角的自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)里買了一份《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》”。從句意和表達(dá)方式上來(lái)看,只有a copy of(一份)符合題意,故正確答案為C。
17. (2008浙江省紹興市) —I want to buy the book Cold Mountain. Do you know its ________?
—Not very clearly. Maybe fifty yuan.
A. cover B. size C. color D. price
[答案與解析] cover意為“封面”; size意為“尺寸,大小”; color意為“顏色”; price意為“價(jià)格”。從題干中的答語(yǔ)“Maybe fifty yuan.”我們可知,問(wèn)話人應(yīng)該是在詢問(wèn)“價(jià)格”,故正確答案為D。
18. (2008遼寧省大連市) Having afternoon tea is an English________.
A. ceremony B. tradition C. menu D. food
[答案與解析] cermoney意為“儀式”; tradition意為“傳統(tǒng)”; menu意為“菜單”; food意為“食品”。從句意推斷,“喝下午茶”應(yīng)該是一種“傳統(tǒng)”,故正確答案為B。
19. (2008遼寧省大連市) As a ________, he tries to give the firsthand information to the public as soon as possible.
A. secretary B. passenger C. professor D. reporter
[答案與解析] secretary意為“秘書(shū)”; passenger意為“乘客”; professor意為“教授”; reporter意為“記者”。“盡快地把第一手信息傳遞給公眾的”應(yīng)該是“記者”,不應(yīng)該是其他這三種人。故正確答案為D。
20. (2008福建省廈門市) —I plan to go out for a trip, but Im afraid I dont know the______.
—A map is helpful, I think.
A. price B. way C. time
[答案與解析] price意為“價(jià)格”; way意為“方式,路”; time意為“時(shí)間”。從答語(yǔ)“A map is helpful.”我們可知,句中的“我”是不知道“路”。能表達(dá)這一意義的只能是“way”, 故正確答案為B。