彭宏利

定語從句是初中階段一個(gè)重要語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，近年來考查定語從句的試題頻繁在中考中出現(xiàn)。下面結(jié)合近年全國(guó)各地中考試題對(duì)定語從句的考查熱點(diǎn)作一梳理，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助。

一、考查Who引導(dǎo)的定語從句

We should give love to the children ______ lost their parents in the earthquake(地震). (2008陜西省)

A. who B. whom C. those D. which

【點(diǎn)撥】 定語從句如果修飾人，常常用關(guān)系代詞who,有時(shí)也用that，作主語時(shí)多用who。選A。句意為：我們應(yīng)該給那些在地震中失去父母的孩子們一些關(guān)愛。C項(xiàng)不引導(dǎo)定語從句；先行詞為人，排除D項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)不能作主語。故選A項(xiàng)。

二、考查whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1. The young lady ______ we met yesterday is our new math teacher. (2005天津市)

A. what B. whose C. whom D. which

2. Your parents are the persons ______ you should write. (2005四川綿陽市)

A. that B. whom C. who D. to whom

【點(diǎn)撥】 當(dāng)先行詞是表示人的名詞(組) 或代詞，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí), 引導(dǎo)詞用whom 或that (口語中也可用who)。

1. 選C。2. 選D。先行詞the persons表示人，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that, who或whom, 但who的前面不能有介詞，如果帶介詞，則必須用whom, 即用“介詞+whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。

三、考查which引導(dǎo)的定語從句

The book ______ was written by Yu Dan sells well. (2008寧夏)

A. who B. which C. how D. what

【點(diǎn)撥】 當(dāng)先行詞是表示物的名詞(組) 或代詞，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語時(shí), 引導(dǎo)詞用which或that。選B。句意為：于丹寫的書很暢銷。此句先行詞the book是物，引導(dǎo)詞要用which或that。故選B。

四、考查that引導(dǎo)的定語從句

I like the music ______ I can sing along with. (2008吉林長(zhǎng)春市)

A. what B. that C. who D. why

【點(diǎn)撥】 選B。先行詞為the music, 所填的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語，應(yīng)選關(guān)系代詞that。

五、查when,where,why等引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1. I will never forget the day ______ I met her. (2006江蘇省)

A. that B. which C. when D. who

2. —The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it?

—Yes, it has built many schools ______ those children can study happily. (2008黑龍江哈爾濱市)

A. where B. when C. which

3. I know the reason ______ she didnt come yesterday. (2006寧波市)

A. which B. that C. why D. where

【點(diǎn)撥】 1. 選C。先行詞the day是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，故選C。

2. 選A。此句考查定語從句，先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞schools, 故用where。

3. 選C。先行詞the reason表示原因，故選C。

六、考查whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句

We all like the teachers ______ class is interesting and creative (有創(chuàng)造性的). (2008甘肅省蘭州市)

A. which B. whose C. who D. that

【點(diǎn)撥】 選B。該句意為：我們都喜歡那些上課有趣且有創(chuàng)造性的老師。通過對(duì)題干和句意的分析可知，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，故只能用whose。