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新目標英語九年級重點句講解(Units?。贰梗?/h1>
2008-11-25 10:48沈金燕劉世一
中學英語園地·教學指導版 2008年10期
關鍵詞:副詞定語賓語

沈金燕 劉世一

Unit 7

1. Id like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations. (P52) 我想徒步到森林里去旅行,因為我喜歡令人激動的假期。

would like意為“想要”、“愿意”,相當于want。 常出現(xiàn)在以下場合:

(1) “Would you like sth ...?”用來委婉地征求對方的意見。其肯定回答常為“Yes, please. /All right. /OK.”等;否定回答為“No, thanks”。 例如:

—Would you like some more food? 你想再吃一些嗎?

—No, thanks. 不要了,謝謝!

(2) “Would you like to do sth?”用來有禮貌地向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或邀請,其肯定回答常為“Yes, Id like/love to.”; 否定回答為“Id like/love to, but ...”。 例如:

—Would you like to play football with us? 你想跟我們一起去踢足球嗎?

—Yes, Id like to. 我想去。

(3) would like sb to do sth意為“想叫某人做某事”。例如:

I would like her to meet you. 我想叫她去接你。

2. I love places where the people are really friendly. (P53) 我喜歡人們友好相處的地方。

句中的where為關系副詞,引導的是定語從句,修飾places, 并在從句中作地點狀語,相當于in which。 例如:

The building where we used to live has been put down. (= The building in which we used to live has been put down.) (= The building (which) we used to live in has been put down.) 我們以前住的那幢樓已經(jīng)拆掉了。

3. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Singapore? (P54) 對你的下一個假期為什么不考慮一下去新加坡游玩呢?

(1) “Why not do ...”是“Why dont you do/why do you not do ...”的省略形式,常用來表示建議、邀請。例如:

Why not meet at the school gate at eight? 何不八點鐘在校門口集合呢?

Why dont we stay here another day? 我們?yōu)槭裁床辉谶@兒再呆一天呢?

Why not stay with us for some more days? 為什么不和我們一起多呆幾天呢?

與“Why not do ...?”意思相同的有“Would you like to do ...? /Shall we do ...? /Lets ... do .... /What/How about doing ...?”等。例如:

Would you like to go for a picnic with us this Sunday? 本周日和我們一起去野炊,好嗎?

Shall we have a picnic tomorrow? 我們明天去野炊,好嗎?

Lets go picnicking. OK? 我們?nèi)ヒ按?,好嗎?/p>

How/What about going to the cinema? 去看電影,怎么樣?

(2) consider意為“考慮、細想”,它常常出現(xiàn)“consider + sb or oneself + 賓語補足語/consider sth + 賓語補足語/consider sb or oneself to be + 賓語補足語/consider + V-ing或從句”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:

I consider him a clever boy. 我認為他是一個聰明的小伙子。

I consider myself lucky enough. 我認為自己是夠幸運的了。

I consider it OK. 我認為這就夠了。

I consider him to be a clever boy. 我認為他是一個聰明的小伙子。

I first considered writing to him, but then decided to see him by myself. 我開始想寫信給他,但后來決定親自去見她。

We considered what we could do next. 我們考慮下一步該做什么。

4. The traffic is heavy in some parts of the city. (P54) 這個城市的一些地方交通很擁擠。

traffic常指“往來于街道的車輛、交通”,也可以指“(公路、鐵路、海上或空中人員或貨物的)流量”,是一個不可數(shù)名詞。它在句中作主語時,謂語動詞為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如:

Theres a lot of traffic at the time of day. 在一天的這段時間里往來的車輛很多。

在漢語里,我們常說“交通擁擠”,而在英語里卻不能說“crowded traffic”或“The traffic is very crowded.”。 traffic不能和crowded搭配,卻能和heavy(擁擠), light(不擁擠), little, a lot of, busy, much等詞語搭配使用。表示“交通擁擠”,可以用“heavy traffic”或“The traffic is heavy.”。 再如:

There is light/little traffic in downtown today. 今天市中心車輛不擁擠。

5. Isnt it supposed to be very hot? (P54) 難道天氣不應該是很熱的嗎?

(1) 這是一個否定形式的一般疑問句,用來表示說話人提出自己的建議或看法,并希望得到對方肯定的答復。有時它也可以表示驚訝、不相信、挖苦、批評等意義。例如:

Isnt he a League member? 難道他不是團員嗎?

Havent you known him yet? I saw you having dinner with him just now. 你難道還不認識他嗎?剛才我還見你和他一起吃飯呢。

(2) be supposed to的意思與should近似,用來表示根據(jù)規(guī)定或按照法律不得不做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。 be not supposed to常用來表示禁止做某事。例如:

Youre supposed to start work at 8:30 every morning. 你應該每天早晨八點半開始工作。

In America people under eighteen arent supposed to buy alcoholic drinks. 在美國,不允許十八歲以下的人買含酒精的飲料。

6. My family and I want to take a trip this summer somewhere in the east of China. (P56) 今年夏天,家人和我都想到中國東部的什么地方去旅游。

(1) 介詞in, on, to, at與表示方向的名詞連用,用來表示不同的意思。 in表示某個特定區(qū)域內(nèi)的某個方向; on表示某個特定區(qū)域界外毗鄰的某個方向; to表示“不在……內(nèi)”; at也可與表示方向的名詞連用,既可表示界內(nèi),也可表示界外,但側(cè)重于表示某個位置“點”。試比較:

Hebei Province is in the north of China. 河北省在中國的北部。

Japan is to the east of Korea. 日本在朝鮮東邊。

Hunan Province is on the south of Hubei Province. 湖南省在湖北省的南面。

Ceylon is an island at the south of India. 錫蘭是印度南面的一個島。

7. The room needs to be big enough for three people. (P56) 房間要能容得下三個人。

句中的to be big enough for ... 意為“大得足夠……可用于……”。其中的big可以根據(jù)意思上的需要,換用另外的形容詞。例如:

Its light enough for reading. 天亮得可以看書了。

這一句式可拓展為“be + adj. + enough to do sth”和“be + adj. + enough for sb to do sth”。 例如:

The water of the river is deep enough to swim. 這條河的水深得足可以游泳。

The book is easy enough for a six-year-old boy to read. 這本書很容易,六歲的孩子都可以讀得懂。

8. Here are some of the findings of a survey about hopes and dreams, in which thousands of students across China took part. (P58) 這里是有關希望和夢想的一些調(diào)查結(jié)果,數(shù)以千計的中國學生參加了這一調(diào)查。

這是個主從復合句, in which thousands of students across China took part是非限定性定語從句修飾a survey。 take part in為一個短語動詞,意為“參加”。

非限定性定語從句是定語從句的一種,從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號隔開,從句與主句的關系比較松散。翻譯這種定語從句時,不一定要將其放在先行詞前面。例如:

I have two brothers, who are working in the same company. 我有兩個兄弟,他們在同一公司工作。

9. It seems some students would like to start work as soon as possible, so that they can help provide better lives for their parents. (P58) 似乎有些學生想盡早參加工作,以便他們能夠為父母提供更好的生活。

(1) 本句是“it seems that ...”句式, it為形式主語, seem后接that引導的主語從句,連詞that通常可省略。例如:

It seemed that he had missed the last train. 他好像沒趕上末班車。

It seems that he had caught a cold. 他好像感冒了。

(2) as soon as possible中的as possible可以替換為as sb can, soon也可根據(jù)意思上的需要換成其他的形容詞或副詞。例如:

Maria is studying Chinese as hard as possible. (= Maria is studying Chinese as hard as she can.) 瑪麗亞正在盡量努力地學習漢語。

(3) 句中的so that是個連詞,意為“為了、以便”,引導目的狀語從句。 so that還可以引導結(jié)果狀語從句。試比較:

Speak clearly so that they can understand you. 講清楚些,讓他們能聽懂。 (so that引導目的狀語從句)

She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。 (so that引導結(jié)果狀語從句)

10. It was clear from the survey that teenagers have similar hopes. (P59) 調(diào)查顯示,青少年懷有類似的希望。

本句為“it be + adj. + that從句/wh-從句”句式, it為形式主語, “that從句或wh-從句”為真正的主語,位于句末。再如:

It is certain that the earth is round. 毫無疑問,地球是圓的。

It is doubtful whether the old man will recover from the operation. 那位老人手術后是否會康復難以確定。

Unit 8

1. No, we cant put off making a plan. (P61) 不,制訂計劃的事,我們不能再推遲了。

“Dont put it off,” says Huiping. (P62) 慧萍說:“這事,不要再推遲了?!?/p>

He looks sad. Lets cheer him up. (P61) 他看上去很傷心。我們?nèi)退褡髌饋戆伞?/p>

(1) 上面句中的put off與cheer up都是由“動詞 + 副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞。注意,當其所接賓語是代詞時,必須將該代詞置于副詞之前。若所接賓語是名詞,則可將該名詞置于副詞之前或副詞之后。試比較:

They put off the soccer game because of the rain. 因為下雨,他們把足球賽推遲了。

The good news of our ping-pong team winning the game cheered them up. 我們乒乓球隊獲勝的喜訊使他們歡呼雀躍。

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日畢。

(2) put off表示“推遲、拖延”時,后接V-ing形式作賓語。例如:

You should not put off going to the doctor. 你不應該拖延去看病了。

They have put off leaving for Hainan. 去海南的事他們已經(jīng)推遲了。

2. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week. (P62) 這份義工每周花了他們每個人好幾個小時的時間。

句中的take表示“花費”意思,常用于“it takes ... to do sth.”句式,其中的it作形式主語,真正的主語是句末的動詞不定式。例如:

Itll take only ten minutes to walk there. 只要十分鐘,就可以走到那兒。

It took me two yuan to buy the magazine. 我花兩元錢買了這本雜志。

但是take的主語也可以是某種活動,后面接賓語或雙賓語,本句就屬于這一類。再如:

The work will take three weeks. 這項工作要花費三周的時間。

The journey took me two days. 旅途上花去了我兩天的時間。

3. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62) 我不僅對幫助別人感到很滿足,而且我還漸漸地花時間做自己喜愛做的事情。

“not only ... but also ...”意為“不僅……還……、不但……而且……”。使用時要注意以下幾點:

(1) 連接的兩部分必須是相同的句子成分,句子重心在后者。其中的also有時可以省略。例如:

Mary not only sings well but also dances well. 瑪麗不僅歌唱得好,而且舞跳得也好。

My mother knows not only English but also French. 我媽媽不僅懂英語,而且還懂法語。

(2) 用“not only ... but also”連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的形式須與后一個主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

Not only you but also I am planning to go there. 不僅你,而且我也準備去那兒。

Not only the teacher but also the students were invited. 不但那位教師受到邀請,而且學生們也受到了邀請。

(3) not only位于句首以示強調(diào)時,其后分句的主語和謂語要用部分倒裝語序,即將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be動詞等放在主語之前。例如:

Mary is not only a doctor but she is also a writer. (= Not only is Mary a doctor but she is also a writer.) 瑪麗不但是個大夫,而且還是個作家。

(4) not only ...but also不能用于否定句,在否定句中可以用as well as。 例如:

His mother, as well as his father, does not have a job. 他的父親與他的母親一樣,都沒有工作。

不可說:Not only his mother but also his father does not have a job.

另外,句中get to spend中的get意為“開始感覺到、認識、成為……某事物”,用來說明有一個過程。例如:

Youll get to realize that these things dont matter. 你將會知道這些事無關緊要。

Shes getting to be an old lady now. 她現(xiàn)在可算是一位老太太了。

4. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64) 他想到的那些辦法結(jié)果證明是成功的。

(1) that he came up with是定語從句,修飾前面的先行詞strategies。 The strategies是主句的主語, worked out是主句謂語動詞。

(2) come up with意為“想出”,相當于think up, think out。 例如:

We must come up with/think up/think out a good plan. 我們得想出一個好辦法。

Lets put our heads together and see if we can come up with/think up/think out anything. 咱們來集思廣益,看是否能想出什么辦法。

(3) work out可用作不及物短語動詞,意思是“得到圓滿解決、情況進行良好”,后面不接賓語,也不能用“人”作主語。例如:

Things will work out if you will just be patient. 如果你還耐心一點的話,事情會得到圓滿解決的。

(4) fine是副詞,意思是“好、順利”。例如:

The machine works fine. 這臺機器運行良好。

Sam is doing fine in his new business. 薩姆在他的新業(yè)務中一切進展順利。

5. For sure, you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66) 毫無疑問,你們已經(jīng)幫我擁有了“幸運”,它使我的生活充滿了快樂。

(1) make it possible for me to have “Lucky”是省去to的動詞不定式,作help的賓語。 make后接復合賓語, it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是動詞不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)for me to have “Lucky”, possible是賓語補足語。 who has filled my life with pleasure是非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞Lucky(狗的名字)。

(2) find, think, make等動詞后面常可接形容詞作賓語補足語,構(gòu)成“動詞 + 賓語 + (形容詞)賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我們必須保持教室的整潔。

The students should do more exercise and make themselves strong. 學生應多參加體育鍛煉,使自己的身體強健。

當賓語比較長時,通常將it放在賓語的位置上用作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語置于賓語補足語的后面。例如:

Youll find it useful to learn even a little English after you leave school. 畢業(yè)后你會發(fā)現(xiàn)學一點英語也有用。

Do you think it possible to finish the work this week? 你認為在本周內(nèi)有可能完成這項工作嗎?

(3) 動詞不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)由“for/of + sb + to do ...”構(gòu)成,在句中可作主語、賓語、狀語等。例如:

Its clever of you to leave away then. 你當時離去是明智之舉。

They found it very difficult for Danny to get up so early. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要丹尼起這么早很困難。

The box is too heavy for them to carry. 箱子太重他們抬不動。

Unit 9

1. Theyre used for seeing in the dark. (P69) 它們被用于在黑夜里觀看。

be used for意為“被用來做……”,介詞for指目的和用途。例如:

Wood can be used for making paper. 木材可以用來造紙。

What is the knife used for? 這把刀子是干什么用的?

常見的含有be used的短語還有:

(1) be used as意為“被用作……”,介詞as意為“作為”,其后一般接名詞。例如:

This book can be used as a textbook. 這本書可以當作教科書來用。

“Look” can be used as a noun. “l(fā)ook”可作名詞用。

(2) be used by表示“被……使用”, by后接動作的執(zhí)行者。例如:

The computer is often used by our teacher. 電腦常常歸我們老師使用。

This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops. 這種機器被農(nóng)民用來收割莊稼。

2. I think it would be better to have ... (P70) 我認為擁有……會更好些。

句中的would是情態(tài)動詞,用于委婉地表達自己的意見和看法,沒有時態(tài)的限制。例如:

He would never do anything to hurt you. 他絕不會做任何傷害你的事。

I would look at the problem a little differently. 我對這個問題的看法略有不同。

I would think the journey will take something like two weeks. 依我看,這次旅行大約需要兩個星期的時間。

3. Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? (P72) 你知道,茶,這種世界上(繼水之后)最受歡迎的飲品是偶然發(fā)明的嗎?

(1) the most popular drink in the world (after water) 是tea的同位語。這種同位語可見于下列句中:

This is my friend Harry. 這是我的朋友哈利。

We teachers should be responsible for it. 我們老師就對此負責。

This is Mr Johnson, director of the health center. 這是約翰先生,醫(yī)療中心的主任。

(2) by accident意為“偶然地,碰巧”,相當于by chance。 例如:

X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, William Konrad Rontgen, in 1895, almost by accident. X射線是1895年由德國科學家威廉?康拉德?倫琴幾乎是在無意中首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

It was only by accident (by chance) that I saw her. 我只是偶爾見過她。

4. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nung discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. (P72) 根據(jù)古代中國的傳說故事,神農(nóng)氏在一堆篝火上煮飲用水時發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶。

according to表示“據(jù)(某人)所述、根據(jù)(某事物)”,也表示“根據(jù)、依照(某事物)”。例如:

According to John there will be a meeting next week. 據(jù)約翰說,下周要召開一個會議。

Everything went on well according to our plan. 一切都是按照我們的計劃順利進行的。

5. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72) 附近叢林里的一些樹葉掉進了水里,并留在那里很長時間。

(1) fall into在這里作“落入、陷入”解,有時它也可以作“開始”解。例如:

He fell into conversation with me. 他開始和我交談起來。

They fell into talk about the future of the farm. 他們開始談論農(nóng)場的未來。

(2) remain 表示“留下”、“保持”,指在他人走后某人仍留在原處或保持原來狀態(tài),后面通常不接賓語。例如:

She remains in the house all these days. 她這些天一直呆在那棟房子里不出來。

Three out of four of them remained single. 他們四個人中有三個人還是單身。

remain還有“剩下、殘余”之意。例如:

I cant go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone. 我不能去看電影,因為我還有很多作業(yè)沒有做。

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賓語從句及練習
英語定語從句跟蹤練習
副詞和副詞詞組
小議賓語補足語
直接賓語和間接賓語
hardly是hard的派生詞嗎?
定語從句