姜經(jīng)志
1. belong
①belong 是不及物動詞,意為“屬于”“歸……所有”,后接介詞to。例如:
All power belongs to the people. 一切權(quán)力屬于人民。
Over the telephone, he spoke in a voice that did not seem to belong to him. 在電話里,他的說話聲音都變了。
The bicycle belongs to Helen. 這輛自行車是海倫的。
②belong可作“是……的成員”解釋。例如:
Which school do you belong to? 你是哪個學(xué)校的?
Tigers and cats belong to the same family of beasts.
虎與貓在獸類中屬于同一種。
Most of the seeds we eat belong to a large group called grains.
我們食用的植物種子大部分都屬于叫做谷物的一大類。
[拓展] belong不與to連用時,后面通常跟副詞或其他的介詞短語,作“應(yīng)當在(某處)”“適合在(某處)”解釋。例如:
That table belongs in the other room. 那張桌子是另外那個房間的。
Those words do not belong in modern dictionaries.
那些單詞在現(xiàn)代的詞典中查不到。
I refuse to go abroad; I belong here. 我不到外國去,我是這里的人。
A man of your ability belongs in writing.
具有你這樣能力的人適合于寫作。
Where do these things belong?這些東西應(yīng)放在哪兒?
You dont belong in the beginners class. 你不適合在初修班。
[引申]belong的名詞形式是belongings, 常用作復(fù)數(shù)“財物”“財產(chǎn)”解釋。例如:
Are these your belongings? 這些是你的東西嗎?
With all his earthly belongings, he couldnt make his life any longer.
他腰纏萬貫,卻還是無法延長自己的生命。
2. possibly
possibly 是副詞,意為“可能,也許”,常用于肯定句中。例如:
It may possibly be true. 那也許是真的。
Possibly he was telling the truth. 也許他在說真話.
[拓展]possibly與can/could連用,起強調(diào)作用,用于疑問句中時,意為“難道”;用于否定句中時,意為“無論如何”。例如:
Could he possibly agree? 他難道會同意嗎?
He cannot possibly forget it. 他無論如何不會忘記。
[引申]possibly, probably, perhaps, maybe這幾個副詞都有“可能”的意思。
possibly 意為“或許、也許”,所指的可能性較小。與may連用,表示的可能性更小。例如:
It may possibly be true. 也許是真的。
probably 意為“很有可能;十之八九”,其語意較強,可能性較大。注意在否定句中,probably不能緊跟在否定詞之后。例如:
她不可能遲到。
[誤] She wont probably be late.
[正] Probably she wont be late.
[正] She probably wont be late.
perhaps/maybe意為“也許”,含有“可能這樣、也可能不這樣”之意,兩者的含義和用法基本相同,只是maybe多用于美式英語。例如:
Perhaps/Maybe it will rain tomorrow. 明天可能要下雨。
在這幾個單詞中,表示可能性最強的是probably, 其次是perhaps和maybe, 最弱的是possibly。
3. sky
sky是名詞,意為“天”、“天空”,指從地球上看到的有云、太陽、星星等的天空。通常用作單數(shù),與定冠詞the連用,若有形容詞修飾時,也可與不定冠詞連用。例如:
There are some clouds in the sky. 天空中有一些云彩。
You can see all kinds of kites flying in a blue sky in spring.
春天你能看見藍天上飛著各種各樣的風箏。
[拓展]sky用作復(fù)數(shù)形式(skies)時,意為“天氣,氣候”。如:the sunny skies晴朗的天氣
[引申] 與“天”有關(guān)的詞還有space; universe等。
space 意為“宇宙”、“太空”、“空間”,指天外星星、月亮等所存在的“空間”,一般不與冠詞連用。例如:
It is our nearest neighbor in space. 在太空中它是我們最近的鄰居。
space 還有“空間”、“地方”之意。例如:
There is a space in the centre of the town. 城鎮(zhèn)中心有塊空地。
universe 意為“宇宙”,常與定冠詞連用。例如:
When we talk about the universe, we mean not only the earth, the moon, the sun and the stars, but also all the things too far away to see.
我們談?wù)撚钪鏁r,不僅指地球、月亮、太陽和星星,也指所有遠得看不見的東西。
4. noise
noise意為“噪音”、“喧鬧聲”,常指不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲。例如:
Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs. The baby is asleep.
你上樓時盡量別弄出響聲,孩子在睡覺。
The noise woke me up. 喧嘩聲吵醒了我。
[拓展]make a noise意為“吵鬧”,“高聲喧鬧”;make a noise about sth. 意為“為某事吵吵嚷嚷”;make a noise in the world意為“名噪一時”。
[引申]表示“聲音”的詞還有voice, sound等,但意思稍有區(qū)別:
(1)voice 一般指人的說話聲、歌聲或笑聲,也可用于指鳥鳴聲或一些擬人化的聲音。如:
The girl has a beautiful voice. 那女孩嗓音很美。
When the teacher came into the classroom, the monitor spoke in a loud voice, “Stand up!” 老師走進教室時,班長大聲喊:“起立!”
They are talking in low voices. 他們在小聲交談。
(2)sound 泛指任何用耳朵能聽到的聲音。如:
I heard the sound of the bell. 我聽見了鈴聲。
There was a sound of footsteps in the next room. 隔壁房間有腳步聲。
Light travels much faster than sound. 光的傳播速度比聲音快得多。
5. count
count用作動詞時,意為“計”,“值”。例如:
Can you count from one to a hundred in English?
你能用英語從1數(shù)到100嗎?
There were forty people present, not counting the children.
出席者四十人,兒童未算在內(nèi)。
Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.(諺語)
小雞未孵出,尚不能算數(shù)。
[拓展]含count的常見短語有:
count out 點清
count up 結(jié)算
count on ones fingers 屈指計算
6. smell
smell用作名詞時,意為“氣味”,“嗅覺”。例如:
What a smell! 多難聞的氣味??!
Theres a smell of cooking. 有烹調(diào)的氣味。
[拓展]smell還可以用作動詞,意為“聞到;嗅”,“發(fā)出氣味”,“發(fā)出臭味”等。例如:
I can smell something burning. 我聞到有東西燒著的氣味。
The room smells of print. 這房間有油漆味。
The egg smells. 這只蛋臭了。
smell作連系動詞用時,意為“聞起來”,常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。例如:
The flowers smell sweet. 鮮花聞起來很香。
The dinner smells good. 這飯菜聞起來很好。
7. final
final用作形容詞,意為“最后的,最終的”。例如:
The final thing she did before she left the house was to lock the door. 她離開房子前做的最后一件事是鎖門。
That was the final scene of a film. 那就是電影的最后場面。
[拓展]final 用作名詞,意思為“決賽;期末考試”。
He lost in the final. 他在決賽中失利了。
[引申]final與last用法不同。
final 指“完結(jié),終止”,不強調(diào)順序性。
last 指一系列東西的最后一個,表順序性。
Is this his final decision? 這是他的最終決定嗎?
Who is the last man in the line? 誰是那一排的最后一位?
8. anxious
anxious 是形容詞,意為“渴望”,“憂慮的”,“焦慮的”,“不安的”,后面可接動詞不定式短語。例如:
They are anxious to know the result. 他們急于知道結(jié)果。
anxious后面也可接for, about引起的介詞短語。例如:
The boy was anxious for a new pen. 那個小男孩渴望有一支新鋼筆。
Some people feel anxious about the future. 有些人對前途感到不安。
We are anxious about your health. 我們關(guān)心你的身體。
anxious后接that從句時,從句須用虛擬語氣。例如:
We are anxious that he should do his best. 我們渴望他竭盡全力。
9. neighbor
neighbor 指鄰居或鄰近的人或物,注意它和neighborhood的區(qū)別。
neighborhood指城市的一小塊地區(qū)或某地區(qū)的人或與某處鄰近的地區(qū)。
Were next-door neighbors. 我們是隔壁鄰居。
We live in a rather rich neighborhood. 我們住在很富裕的住宅區(qū)。
10. interview
interview用作動詞,意為“采訪,會見,接見”。例如:
She was interviewed by a reporter about her marriage.
一個記者采訪了她的婚姻生活。
He has interviewed a lot of people for the job.
關(guān)于這份工作,他已面試過很多人。
[拓展] interview還可用作名詞“面試,采訪”。
The president gave an interview on television last night.
總統(tǒng)昨晚在電視上接受了采訪。
11. lift
lift用作動詞時,意為“舉起,抬起,搬起”;用作名詞時,意為“電梯”,“搭(便車)”。例如:
The box was so heavy that I couldnt lift it.
這箱子太重了,我提不動。
He lifts the bag and runs away. 他提著那個袋子逃走了。
I took the lift to the fifth floor. 我乘電梯到了五樓。
[拓展] give sb. a lift 讓某人搭乘便車。
He gave me a lift to the station in his car.
他讓我搭他的汽車去火車站。