1.raise

解讀動(dòng)詞，在中學(xué)課本中主要出現(xiàn)以下幾種意思：

①舉起，使升高

He raised his head and looked at me. 他抬起頭看著我。

At the party we all raised our glasses to her.

在聚會(huì)上，我們都舉杯祝她健康。

②種植，飼養(yǎng)

The rich farmland is used for raising crops.

那塊肥沃的耕地是用來種莊稼的。

She makes a living by raising and selling sheep.

她靠飼養(yǎng)和出售綿羊生活。

③籌（款），招募

Theyll give a concert to raise money for educational aid program.

他們將舉辦一場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)，為教育援助工程募款。

A group of volunteers are raised to support Chinas least-developed areas. 要招募一批志愿者去支援中國最落后的地區(qū)。

比較 lift的意思也是“舉起”，它常常表示舉（提、抬）起某物時(shí)需要費(fèi)些力氣。例如：

This is too heavy for me to lift. 這太重了，我舉不起來。

The elephant is so strong that it can lift a log easily.

大象力氣很大，它可以毫不費(fèi)力地舉起一根圓木。

raise著重指使某物豎立起來。例如：

Those who are ready, please raise your hands. 準(zhǔn)備好的人，請(qǐng)舉手。

應(yīng)用 選擇填空。

①The sun ____ in the east and sets in the west.

A. raises B. lifts C. rises D. goes

②They ____ rice in the south of China.

A. plant B. grow C. produce D. keep

③Shes so young that she cant ____ the heavy bag.

A. take B. bring C. raise D. lift

④The chairman ____ his voice and went on speaking.

A. lifted B. grew C. raised D. rose

解答

①C (日、月、云霧等的自動(dòng)）升起用rise。

②B 表示“種植”，也可用raise。

③D 表示“費(fèi)力氣舉（提）起”。

④C raise ones voice意思是“提高嗓門”。

2.run out of

解讀(1)動(dòng)詞短語，意思是“（貯存物、供應(yīng)品等）用盡，用完?！?例如：

Ive run out of my ink. 我用完了墨水。

——Why did he get back? 他怎么回來了？

——He ran out of money. 他把錢花光了。

(2)run一詞除“跑”的意思外，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的意思還有：

①駕駛（車輛）

Uncle runs a taxi to support his family. 叔叔靠開出租車來養(yǎng)家糊口。

②經(jīng)營，開辦

My father runs a shoe factory. 我爸爸經(jīng)營一家鞋廠。

Night schools were often run before. 以前常常辦夜校。

③流經(jīng)，流淌

A small river runs through my hometown. 一條小河流經(jīng)我的家鄉(xiāng)。

Blood ran down his nose. 血從鼻子流下。

④延伸，伸展

Green Ave. runs from the railway station to a factory.

格林大街從火車站一直延伸到一家工廠。

(3)run構(gòu)成的短語常見的有：

run away逃跑，失控 run for競選

run into撞，陷于 run up to累計(jì)達(dá)到

in the long run終究，最后 run after追趕，追捕

警示 run out of還可以表示“從……跑出來”。例如：

Did you notice someone run out of the dormitory?

你曾注意到有人從宿舍里跑出來嗎？

應(yīng)用 根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列句子。

①She ____(用完) time, so she had to stop.

②Theres a railway ____(伸展) through the town.

③Look, your sons nose ____(流鼻涕).

④He was so careless that he ____(撞上) the wall.

⑤The butcher got a stick and ____(追趕) the dog.

解答

①ran out of ②running ③is running ④ran into ⑤ran after

3.free

解讀 形容詞，主要意思有：

①自由的，無拘束的

Everyone is free to express themselves. 大家都可以暢所欲言。

Now you come and set me free. 現(xiàn)在你來，把我放了。

She got the first prize in free style. 她在自由式游泳中得了第一名。

②空閑的，有時(shí)間的

Ill go with you if Im free tomorrow.

明天，我如果有時(shí)間就和你一起去。

What do you usually do at your free time? 你閑時(shí)常干什么？

③免費(fèi)的

Theres no free lunch in the world. 天下沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。

Look!It says “Children under 7: free.”

瞧！上面寫著：“七歲以下兒童免費(fèi)?！?/p>

Youll get a scarf for free. 你將免費(fèi)得到一條圍巾。

延伸 free的副詞是freely,意思是“自由地，無拘束地”。例如：

Tell them to talk loudly and freely. 叫他們自由地大聲談。

應(yīng)用 選擇填空。

①M(fèi)ore than 300 war prisoners(戰(zhàn)犯) were set ____ in Iraq(伊拉克) last week.

A. out B. up C. free D. home

②Fish are swimming ____ in the water.

A. freely B. early C. carefully D. friendly

③In China many people enjoy ____ medical care.

A. well B. high C. many D. free

④Maybe Ill have ____ next Tuesday.

A. free B. time C. busy D. times

解答

①C set…free 將……釋放。

②A freely 自由地，隨意地。

③D free medical care 公費(fèi)醫(yī)療。

④B have time“有空”相當(dāng)于be free。

4.at a meeting

解讀 (1)介詞短語，意思是“在開會(huì)”。例如：

My father is at a parents meeting. 我爸爸在開家長會(huì)。

At a meeting in Beijing I got to know her.

某一次在北京的開會(huì)時(shí)，我認(rèn)識(shí)了她。

比較 have (hold) a meeting 也是“開會(huì)”的意思，但它是動(dòng)詞短語。例如：

When shall we have the meeting? 我們什么時(shí)候開會(huì)？

(2)介詞at的一些常見意思與用法：

①表示地點(diǎn)

Lets meet at the station. 我們?cè)谲囌疽姲伞?/p>

Whos standing there at the door? 誰站在門口？

②表示時(shí)間

He joined the League at 15. 他15歲入團(tuán)。

Dinner is ready at 9:00. 9點(diǎn)鐘開飯。

③表示方向

Dont throw a stone at the dog. 不要朝狗扔石塊。

警示 at表示方向時(shí)，只與少數(shù)的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞搭配使用。例如：

come at 朝……撲過來 shout at沖……大喊 look at看

shoot at 朝……開槍 aim at 朝……瞄準(zhǔn)

④表示原因

He looked surprised at seeing us. 他看到我們顯出很驚異的樣子。

At the news we jumped with joy. 聽到這消息，我們高興得跳了起來。

⑤表示“處于……狀態(tài)”

How long have you been at work? 你上了幾年班？

We must never think that all is at peace now.

我們千萬不要認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在天下太平了。

⑥表示“在……方面”

Marcia was better than me at chess. 瑪莎的棋比我下得好。

Bill is quite clever at drawing. 比爾在畫畫方面有天賦。

⑦表示價(jià)格、速度等

A spaceship flies at 11 kilometres a second.

宇宙飛船以每秒11千米的速度飛行。

We have nice skirts for girls at ￥30 each.

我們有女孩子穿的裙子，每條30元。

⑧用于某些固定搭配：

at first 開始 at last 最后at least 至少

at most 至多 at night 在晚上 (not) at all 一點(diǎn)也不

at the same time 同時(shí) at noon 在正午at times 不時(shí)

應(yīng)用 選擇填空。

①I live ____ 401 Nanjing Road, Wuhan.

A. in B. on C. at D. during

②You can have a pair of socks ____ a good price.

A. in B. at C. for D. on

③Theyll ____ a friendly visit to Argentina.

A. in B. on C. at D. to

④The monkey threw a banana ____ us.

A. at B. on C. for D. to

⑤The teacher was quite pleased ____ her.

A. at B. to C. on D. with

⑥Mum often woke up ____ midnight.

A. in B. on C. at D. over

解答

①C 表示某一地點(diǎn)。

②B 表示價(jià)格。

③B on a visit參觀，訪問。

④A 表示方向。

⑤D be pleased with對(duì)……感到滿意。

⑥C 固定搭配。

5.annoy

解讀 (1)動(dòng)詞，意思是“使……生氣，使……煩惱”。例如：

What annoys you most when youre shopping?

你在購物時(shí)，什么最讓你惱火?

If you stand in the subway door reading, everyone will annoy you.

你要是站在地鐵口看書，人們會(huì)生你的氣。

(2)annoyed形容詞，常用于下列搭配：

①get/be annoyed with sb. 生……的氣

Nancy was annoyed with her brother. 南茜生她弟弟的氣。

Dont get annoyed with that boy.

犯不著為那孩子煩惱。

②get annoyed for(at) sth. 因……而生氣

Mr Black got annoyed at your carelessness.

布萊克先生對(duì)你的粗心大意感到惱火。

What were you annoyed for? 你生什么氣呀？

③get annoyed to do sth. 做某事感到惱火

He was annoyed to learn that he had to pay the fine.

聽到要被罰款，他心里感到煩惱。

(3)annoying形容詞，意思是“討厭的，煩人的”。

Youre an annoying fellow. 你是個(gè)討厭的家伙。

延伸 annoy的名詞形式是annoyance。例如：

To our annoyance, Peter was late again.

使我們生氣的是彼特又一次遲到。

A lot of annoyance was on her face. 她一臉厭煩的神態(tài)。

應(yīng)用 指出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并改正。

①How annoying my aunt was then!

②Dont get annoyed at me, sir!

③What an annoyed trip we had last week!

④They sent him away with great annoying!

解答

①annoying→annoyed 與“人”有關(guān)用v.-ed形式。

②at→with get annoyed with sb. 生……的氣。

③annoyed→annoying 與“人”無關(guān)用v.-ing形式。

④annoying→annoyance 名詞形式。

6.complain

解讀 (1)動(dòng)詞，意思是“抱怨，投訴，訴苦”。例如：

Dad complained that I didnt work hard. 爸爸抱怨我工作不努力。

Li Fang is a good student who studies hard and never complains.

李芳是個(gè)好學(xué)生，她學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，從不抱怨。

(2)常見搭配有：

①complain about(of)投訴，抱怨

She complained of my mistake. 她抱怨說我犯了錯(cuò)誤。

Ill write to your manager and complain about it.

我要寫信給你們經(jīng)理，投訴此事。

②complain to sb. of sth. 控告某人某事

Did you complain to the teacher of his bad deeds?

你向老師申訴了他所做的壞事嗎？

延伸 complain的名詞是complaint。例如：

Now the most common complaint is the tuition fee for college.

現(xiàn)在，投訴最多的是大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)。

I cant write a letter of complaint. 我不會(huì)寫投訴信。

應(yīng)用指出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并改正。

①She was busy complaint; didnt notice(注意) me.

②In the letter he complained three things happened in your store.

③Remember to make your letter of complain more polite.

解答

①complaint→with the complaintbe busy with sth. 忙于某事。

②complained→complained about(of) 意思是“投訴”。

③complain→complaint “投訴信”是a letter of complaint。

郭躍勝山西山陰縣第三中學(xué)