王治平
我們都知道,表示人或事物名稱(chēng)的詞叫做名詞。根據(jù)名詞的可數(shù)性,英語(yǔ)中的名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類(lèi)。
一、可數(shù)名詞具有以下特點(diǎn):
1.可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。如:one desk, two chairs, many birds等。
2.可數(shù)名詞可以直接用不定冠詞a/an、數(shù)詞或many, some, any, a lot of, lots of等修飾。如:an apple, three pictures, some students等。
3.單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
There is a pen on the desk. 桌上有一支鋼筆。
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有一些學(xué)生。
4.在特殊疑問(wèn)句中,用how many修飾可數(shù)名詞。如:
How many kilos of meat would you like? 你要幾公斤肉?
How many students are there in your class? 你們班上有多少學(xué)生?
二、不可數(shù)名詞具有以下特點(diǎn):
1.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如不能說(shuō)a meat, two milks, many breads等。
2.不可數(shù)名詞前不能用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或many, a few, several (幾個(gè)) 等詞修飾;但可以用 some, any, much, a little, a lot of等詞修飾。如:
He wants to buy some bread for supper. 他想要買(mǎi)些晚飯吃的面包。
There is a little tea in the glass. 杯子里有點(diǎn)兒茶。
3.不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
The meat is on the table. 肉在桌上。
There isnt much food in the fridge. 冰箱里沒(méi)有太多的食物了。
4.在特殊疑問(wèn)句中,用how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:
How much meat would you like? 你想要多少肉?
How much rice is there in the bag? 袋子里有多少大米?
三、有些名詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞,又可用作不可數(shù)名詞,使用時(shí)要注意辨別。如:
fish魚(yú)(可數(shù)),魚(yú)肉(不可數(shù));
chicken小雞(可數(shù)),雞肉(不可數(shù));
glass玻璃杯(可數(shù)),玻璃(不可數(shù));
room房間(可數(shù)),空間(不可數(shù));
time次數(shù)(可數(shù)),時(shí)間(不可數(shù))。