緱桂芳

一、詞語例解

1. inspire vt. 1)鼓舞；激勵(lì)

His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜樣激勵(lì)我們大家更加努力。

I was inspired to work harder. 我受到鼓舞而更加努力工作。

The good weather inspired me to work in the garden. 好天氣使我想起在花園里干點(diǎn)活兒。

2）賦予……靈感；給……以啟示

The scene inspired his painting The Sun

flowers.這一場面啟發(fā)他畫出"向陽花"。

【聯(lián)想拓展】inspirationn. 鼓舞; 激動(dòng); 鼓舞人心的人/事; 靈感

get inspiration from... 從……得到啟示give (the) inspiration to... 啟發(fā)；鼓舞

2. admire vt. 贊賞，欣賞；欽佩，羨慕

The tourists admired the view from the tow-er. 游客登塔欣賞景色。

He admires your poems very much.他非常欣賞你的詩。

We admire them for their great successes. 我們敬佩他們?nèi)〉镁薮蟪删汀?/p>

3. mean adj 吝嗇的，小氣的；卑鄙的，心地不好的；鄙陋的

Her husband is very mean about money.她的丈夫在金錢上很吝嗇。

She is mean and never invites people to meals. 她很小氣，從不請人吃飯。

That was a mean trick! 那是一個(gè)卑劣的詭計(jì)!

It was mean of you to tease the little boy. 你戲弄那個(gè)小男孩，你真壞。

The young couple made their home in a mean dwelling. 這對年輕夫婦在一個(gè)簡陋的住處安了家。

vt. (言詞等) 表示……的意思（通常接名詞、代詞或賓語從句）；

You mean that you can help me? 你的意思是你可以幫助我？

When I say a thing Imean it 我說話是算數(shù)的。

What do you mean by acting like this?你這樣做是什么意思？

vt.意欲；意圖；打算（通常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式）

I mean her no harm.我無意傷害她。

I meant this photo for her. 我是準(zhǔn)備把這張照片送給她的。

I mean to call on him this evening.我打算今晚拜訪他。

注意：若用過去完成時(shí)表示“本來打算”，但實(shí)際上沒有實(shí)行，例如：

I had meant to study history, but my father didnot agree with my idea.我本來打算學(xué)歷史，但我父親不同意。

n. an average 平均數(shù)，比例中項(xiàng)

The mean of 3,5 and 7 is 5.三、五和七的平均數(shù)是五。

Six is the mean number between three and nine. 六是三和九的中間數(shù)。

4. somehow adv.1) 由于某種未知的原因；不知怎么的

Somehow he was afraid of her.不知怎的,他怕她。

He arrived in Beijing somehow, though I dont know how he did it. 反正他到了北京，雖然我不知道他是怎樣去的。

He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind 他原本能按時(shí)做完這件事的，但不知怎么搞的卻落后了。

【拓展】同義表達(dá)：by some means； by some means or other；in one way or another；no matter how；somehow or other

5. regretvt. 懊悔；因……而遺憾（可接名詞、代詞、從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞）

I didnt regret the choice I had made. 我對所做的選擇并不后悔。

I regret to say that we cant stay here any longer. 很抱歉，我要說我們不能再在這兒多呆了。

To this day I do not regret having made that remark. 我至今不后悔說了這話 。

He regretted that he had failed in the exam.考試不及格，他感到很遺憾。

注意：接不定式與接動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別，接不定式表示對將來做的事“感到遺憾或后悔”，接動(dòng)名詞表示對已做的事或已發(fā)生的事“感到后悔或遺憾”，例如：

He regretted telling her that bad new.把那個(gè)壞消息告訴了她，她感到后悔。

He regretted to tell her that bad news.要把那個(gè)壞消息告訴她，她感到遺憾。

n. 1）懊悔；悔恨；抱歉；遺憾

He felt no shame and no regret.他既不感到羞愧也不感到遺憾。

I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我對這樣浪費(fèi)光陰深感懊悔。

Much to my regret, I didnt go with them. 非常遺憾，我沒有同他們一起去。

【搭配】 express regret at （for, over）對……表示可惜（遺憾）；為……表示抱歉

refuse with many regrets （much regret）婉言謝絕

send regrets （a regret） (尤指對請貼)發(fā)出辭謝信

a matter for regret 一件憾事

refuse with much regret 婉言拒絕

express deep regret at對……深表遺憾

二、短語精析

1. become of 后果會怎么樣

But for the heat of the sun, what will be-come of the living things on earth？ 要是沒有太陽的熱，地球上的生物會成什么樣子？

What will become of the naughty boy if he keeps behaving like that? 如果這個(gè)淘氣的男孩繼續(xù)這樣下去，他將來會怎么樣？

2.be around the corner在拐角處，不遠(yuǎn)；就在眼前

The bank is just around the corner. 銀行就在拐角附近。

Victory is just around the corner.勝利就在眼前。

The fortune teller told Mary that there was an adventure for her just around the corner. 那個(gè)算命的跟她說她馬上就要有麻煩。

3. die down 變?nèi)酰褐饾u停止；漸漸消失

Open the air hole; the fire is dying down. 把氣孔打開，火要熄了。

After the excitement of the audience died down, the speaker restarted his speech.等聽眾激動(dòng)的情緒平息后，演講人又重新開始演講。

【搭配】die out滅絕 die away逐漸停止；逐漸消失 die off相繼死去

4. take up開始花時(shí)間做……；對……產(chǎn)生興趣；占用（時(shí)間或空間）

John took up acting while he was at col-lege.約翰在上大學(xué)時(shí)喜歡上演戲。

Alfred has just taken up playing the guitar. 阿爾弗雷德迷上了彈吉它。

take up還有其他意思：打聽，對……采取進(jìn)一步的行動(dòng)；（事物或事情）繼續(xù)。

如：The job took up most of Sunday.這項(xiàng)工作占用了大半個(gè)星期天。

These boxes of yours are taking up too much space.你的這些箱子占去了太多的空間。

Ill take up the story where I finished

yesterday.我將從昨天寫完的地方繼續(xù)把這個(gè)故事寫下去。

5. come to terms 達(dá)成協(xié)議；妥協(xié)；讓步；屈服

Laura has come to terms with the fact that she will never study in that famous school.勞拉已經(jīng)接受了這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí), 那就是她永遠(yuǎn)不可能在那所有名的學(xué)校就讀了。

Diana came to terms with the fact that she lost the game. 黛安娜接受了比賽失敗的事實(shí)。

【搭配】on good / bad terms with sb 與某人關(guān)系好（壞）

on equal terms 以平等的地位

in terms of…/in … terms 至于；根據(jù)；從……觀點(diǎn)來看

in real terms 實(shí)際上

6. as it is 照現(xiàn)在的樣子；照原來的樣子

As it is, learning English is not easy for freshmen of high school.其實(shí)，學(xué)英語對高中新生來說真不容易。

We had hoped to finish it today, but as it is, we probably wont finish until tomorrow.我們原本希望今天能做完它，但實(shí)際上是我們或許要等到明天才能做完。

Dont say anything else; youre in enough trouble as it is.不要再說了，照現(xiàn)在的樣子你已經(jīng)夠麻煩的啦。

三、句式點(diǎn)睛

1. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.

句中It is said that…這一結(jié)構(gòu)為常用句型。常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞還有：reported, hoped, known, believed, decided等。例如：

It is reported that Hillary intends to run for American president in 2008. 據(jù)報(bào)道希拉里有意競選2008年美國總統(tǒng)。

It is hoped that women and children all over the world can be given very good medical care. 大家希望全世界的婦女和兒童都能擁有很好的醫(yī)療保健。

It is expected by the fans of Harry Potter that J.K.Rowling would come to China. 哈里·波特迷們都期待著J·K·羅林能來中國。

2. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.

該句相當(dāng)于For women life sometimes seems twice as difficult as it is. 。用英語表達(dá)“A是B 的N倍長（寬，高，大，重等）”，“A比B長（寬，高，大，重等）N倍” 或“A 的長度（寬度，高度，大小，重量等）是B 的N倍”，可用下列幾種句型：

1） A + be + 倍數(shù) + as + 計(jì)量形容詞原級 + as + B

2） A + be + 倍數(shù) + 計(jì)量形容詞比較級 + than + B

3） A + be + 倍數(shù) + the + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + B

例如: “我們的學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校的三倍。”可翻譯為：

Our school is three times as big as theirs.

Our school is three times bigger than theirs.

Our school is three times the size of theirs.

注意觀察下面的句子并體會倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式：

The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新擴(kuò)建的廣場為以前的四倍大。

In this workshop, the output of July was 4 times that of January.這個(gè)車間7月的產(chǎn)量是1月的4倍。

After the experiment, the plant is four times the height of what it was before.實(shí)驗(yàn)以后，這種植物是過去的4倍高。

The production is now double what it was 10 years ago.現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是10年前的兩倍。

There are 6 times as many students as we expected.學(xué)生數(shù)量是我們預(yù)料的6倍。

3. I had traveled only 2 hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up before the winds became too strong.

句中的when用作連詞，意為“還沒（剛剛）……就”。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when the dog barked. 還沒等我把門打開，狗就叫起來了。

The students hadnt played football long when the bell rang. 學(xué)生們足球沒踢一會兒，鈴就響了。

當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，它可表示從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，也可表示兩者一前一后發(fā)生。when可譯為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，“在……之前”，“在……之后”，其表示何意義主要通過主從句的不同時(shí)態(tài)來區(qū)別。如：

Was it raining when you came to school yesterday?(同時(shí))

When I had done the work，I took a rest. (從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作)

The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. (主句動(dòng)作先于從句動(dòng)作)

4. When asked if she regretted not saving her son, she said she made the choice without regret.

When asked為省略形式，相當(dāng)于When she was asked。在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中，常常省略相同的主語或作主語的代詞it以及be動(dòng)詞,保留現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。例如：

While (you are) cycling, dont forget the

traffic lights. 騎車時(shí)，不要忘記看紅綠燈。

If (it is) necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家里打電報(bào)。

四、語法細(xì)解

主謂一致

主謂一致是指英語句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間在人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。主謂數(shù)的一致關(guān)系可表現(xiàn)為三種形式或原則，即：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近原則。

一、語法一致原則。句中作主語的詞若是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式；若主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

The results of the exam show that you have all made good progress. 考試的結(jié)果表明，你們都進(jìn)步很大。

The content of his book is very good. 他那本書的內(nèi)容很好。

二、意義一致原則。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)不是由主語的形式?jīng)Q定，而是由主語表達(dá)的意義決定。

My family is a large one. 我家是個(gè)大家庭。

My family are all music lovers. 我們家個(gè)個(gè)喜歡音樂。

三、就近原則。謂語和就近的主語一致。句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí)，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由與之鄰近的主語決定。

Neither you nor I am able to persuade her.你和我都沒有辦法說服她。

There is a pen, two envelopes and some paper. 這兒有一支筆，兩個(gè)信封和一些紙。

【高考題例】

1. A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006年 江蘇卷）

A. isB. are C. was D. were

【解析】答案為A。A poet and artist是由and 連接兩個(gè)名詞，但只用一個(gè)冠詞A，因此是指同一個(gè)人，他既是詩人又是畫家。如果改為A poet and a artist 那就指兩個(gè)人，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

2. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _______ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.（2006年 浙江卷）

A. isB. areC. wasD. were

【解析】答案為D。one-third指one third of the notebook computers，復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. （2004年 北京卷）

A. was B. were C. had been D.would be

【解析】答案為A。主語The teacher是單數(shù)，盡管后面跟有with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)，因?yàn)閣ith是介詞，不是并列連詞。

4. A survey of the opinions of experts ________that three hours of outdoor exercises a week ______ good for ones health.

A. show; are B. shows; is

C. show; is D. shows; are

【解析】答案為B。three hours of outdoor exercises a week表整體概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

5. The construction of the two new railway lines ________ by now.

A. has completed

B. have completed

C. have been completed

D. has been completed

【解析】答案為D。construction為主語，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又表被動(dòng)，故選D。