毛麗娟
下面是一道高考題,請問你會選擇哪個選項呢?
A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. whichC. that D. where
正確選項為A。你選對了嗎?很多同學(xué)會選B。究其原因,學(xué)生沒能正確判斷定語從句與賓語從句。選B的學(xué)生都把這道題當(dāng)定語從句處理,認(rèn)為定語從句中介詞之后用which。
在練習(xí)中如何區(qū)分定語從句與賓語從句?仔細觀察這一類型的練習(xí),我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有如下兩種句式。
1.動詞+介詞+從句(如上題)
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語
從句放在先行詞的后面。因此,定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+動詞+名詞+關(guān)系詞+從句。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看,介詞之前無先行詞(名詞或代詞),這不可能是定語從句。而in+which是定語從句中很典型的用法。既然這不是定語從句,就不能選in+which。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,介詞后接上一句子作賓語,那就是賓語從句。從句中缺少主語或賓語時用in +what。同一類的題目還有:
例1After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in ______ later proved a new continent. (答案為B)
A. where B. whatC. whichD. that
例2A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. (答案為A)
A. what B. which C. thatD. where
例3Zheng Hes first stop during the expedition was in _____ is a part of Vietnam today. (答案為B)
A. whereB. whatC. which D. that
2.動詞+名詞+介詞in +從句
若遇上這一結(jié)構(gòu),考生則需要判斷是定語從句還是賓語從句。定語從句用in which,賓語從句用in what。判斷方法有兩種:一、從意義著手,看后面的從句與名詞之間是否存在修飾關(guān)系。有修飾關(guān)系的是定語從句;否則便是賓語從句。二、根據(jù)定語從句的用法,介詞前的名詞代入從句中,句子通順的是定語從句;否則是賓語從句。請看下面的例子:
例4They built a university in _____ used to be a church.
A. whereB. whatC. which D. one
從方法一來看,這句話要表達的大意大致如下:他們在原來是教堂的地方建造了一所大學(xué)。從句與前面的名詞the university之間無修飾關(guān)系。從判斷方法二著手,把a university代入到從句中,則得到這樣一個句子: A church used to be in a university 或 In a university used to be a church。整個句子不達意,因此這是一個賓語從句,選B in what。
例5The expert insisted that silkworms were first raised by a woman in ____ is now Hebei Province. (答案為B)
A. whichB. what C. where D. that
例6They built a university in _____ a lot of foreign students studied.
A. where B. what C. whichD. one
本句大意如下:他們建造了一所大學(xué),那兒有許多外國的學(xué)生。后面的從句a lot of foreign students studied 修飾a university。因此,當(dāng)我們把university代入后面句子中時,便組成了這樣的句子A lot of foreign students studied in a university。無論從方法一還是方法二判斷,這都是一個定語從句。本題答案為C。