顧俊萍
被動語態(tài)是兩大語態(tài)之一,也是各類考試命題的熱點(diǎn)。在現(xiàn)階段,同學(xué)們首先要——
了解使用場合
1.行為主體不明確,不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如:
Basketball is played all over the USA.
2.不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如:
——My new bike was stolen.
一Im sorry to hear that
3.漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。例如:
Simon iS asked to come by orr Enelish teacher.
4.漢語中沒有“被”、“由”等詞,而在原句中加這類詞且句意通順時(shí)。例如:
These songs are usually sung by girls.
5.漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時(shí)。例如:
Itis said that the old man can still eat three bowls Ofrice for lunch at the ageof 75.
6.某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動語態(tài)。例如:
MycousinWas bornOn October 1st,1999.
7.表示禮貌時(shí)。例如:
You are invitedtOcometOoureveningparty at6:00p.m.tomorrow.
了解了被動語態(tài)的使用場合,同學(xué)們還需要——
掌握基本結(jié)構(gòu)
be動詞在被動語態(tài)中只算作助動詞,總管一切變化,如人稱、數(shù)、否定、疑問、時(shí)態(tài)等。
請看下表:
通過上表,同學(xué)們可以將此前所學(xué)的五大時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)知識有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,從而達(dá)到將所學(xué)知識系統(tǒng)化的效果。
注意:被動語態(tài)中過去分詞后介詞可用by,也可用with。一般地,表示動作的施動者(某人)或施動力(某物),當(dāng)其原則上是行為者時(shí)之前用介詞by;當(dāng)其是工具時(shí)之前用with。但有時(shí)可把物比作人,把人比作物。體會:
The model plane Was made by him.
The street is crowded with people on New Years Day·
元旦街上擠滿了人。(把人比作物)
The wooden house is surrounded by flowers.
木房周圍都是花。(把物比作人)
被動語態(tài)是初中英語的重點(diǎn),而將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)又是其難點(diǎn)。在此向同學(xué)們介紹一種簡便方法。
一變二同三注意
一、變。即把主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語;主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞;主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,放在謂語動詞后面(如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者,by短語??墒÷?;其它成分不變。如:
They plant trees every year.
主語謂語賓語(主動語態(tài))
Trees are planted by them every year.
主語謂語(被動語態(tài))
二、同。主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞是什么時(shí)態(tài),變成被動語態(tài)后還是什么時(shí)態(tài),即助動詞be的時(shí)態(tài)要跟原主動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)相同。如:
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+過去分詞。例如:
Theybuyapples everyweek.
→Apples are bought by them every week.
2.一般過去時(shí):was/were+過去分詞。例如:
A policeman saved the little gur1.
→The little girl was saved by a policeman.
三、注意。主動語態(tài)在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.含有雙賓語的主動句變成被動句時(shí),通常把指“人”的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,指“物”的直接賓語保留不變。例如:
My parentsgavenle anewcalnerfiyesterday.
→IWasSiVeilailewcamerabymyparentsyesterday·
如果要把指“物”的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,則在間接賓語前加to或for。例如:
AnewcameraWasSiveil to Omebymyparentsyesterday
2.含有復(fù)合賓語的主動句在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí),將其中的賓語變成主語,賓語補(bǔ)足語不變。例如:
Wefound Peteraverycleverboy.
→PeterWasfoundaverycleverboybyus.
但是,如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的動詞不定式,主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)時(shí)要加上不定式符號to。例如:
TheteachermakeshimreadEngisheverymorning。
→HeiSmadetoreadEnglish Shbytheteachereverymorning.
3.如果主動句中的謂語動詞是一些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語動詞,變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r(shí)短語動詞中的介詞或副詞不可以丟掉。例如:
HetookgoodcareOfyourcat.
→YourcatwastakengoodcareOfbv him
學(xué)習(xí)了以上知識點(diǎn)之后,同學(xué)們可以通過精練以下典型試題來檢測一下學(xué)習(xí)的效果。
A)單項(xiàng)選擇,選擇最佳答案。
1.Shewasheard——anEnglishsonginherroomlastniSht
A.sing
B.sang
C.tOsinSing
D.tOsinS
2.一Surf-riding first slands Of Hawaii,didntit?
—Yes,butIIOW it——by people all over the world.
A.is enjoyed
B.is enjoying
C.has enjoyed
D.will enjoy
3.How——the great hdll(大廳)——withoutanymOdelTlmachlieslastyear?
A.is,bumB.WOUld,bebuiltC.have,been builtD.Was,built
4.Tes tudentsan——EnSlishOrChilieseeverymorninSOnweekdays.
A.keptreadinSB.keepinSreadingC.kept[OIeadD.keeping to read
5.HeWas made——yesterday.
A.cry
B.tocry
C.crying
D.Iobecxied
B)語態(tài)互換,每空一詞。
1.The廠113[1anSuage thatmostpeoplespeakinNewZealandi9Endish.
English——————the firse lanSuage——most people in New Zealand.
2.Most business letters in the world are written in English.
People often write___________________·
3。We must dig holes for planting trees.
H01es___________for plantinS trees。
4.Theyeouldntmake出ecowSO.
The cow eouldnt_________________
5.My aunt gave me a beautl birthday present yesterday.
A beautiful birhday present___________me by my aunt yestexday·
Keys:A)1-5 DADAB
B)1.is spoken as; 2.bysubess in English 3.nyst be dug 4.bemade to go 5.was given to