[摘要]目的評(píng)估定量腹腔積液預(yù)測(cè)急性胰腺炎(AP)嚴(yán)重程度的可靠性。
方法收集2018-2021年我院收治的273例AP病人,評(píng)估病人腹腔積液的發(fā)生情況并定量計(jì)算腹腔積液。收集病人的床旁急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)(BISAP)評(píng)分、急性生理與慢性健康評(píng)估Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)評(píng)分、CT嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)(CTSI)。采用受試者工作特征曲線(xiàn)下面積(AUC)分析腹腔積液量及不同評(píng)分系統(tǒng)對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的早期預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
結(jié)果273例AP病人的腹腔積液發(fā)生率為23%。腹腔積液量與AP嚴(yán)重程度(χ2=35.88~156.21,P<0.001)及器官衰竭(t=5.00~12.14,P<0.001)有關(guān),與各評(píng)分系統(tǒng)之間存在正相關(guān)(r=0.546~0.716,P<0.001)。腹腔積液量預(yù)測(cè)重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)的AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.918、87.5%、94.0%;預(yù)測(cè)器官衰竭的AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.815、70.8%、88.0%。腹腔積液量預(yù)測(cè)SAP的AUC高于BISAP評(píng)分、APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分(Z=2.101、3.159,P<0.05)。
結(jié)論腹腔積液量與AP嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),與臨床評(píng)分系統(tǒng)呈正相關(guān),定量腹腔積液可用于早期預(yù)測(cè)SAP及器官衰竭的發(fā)生,且預(yù)測(cè)SAP的效能高于臨床評(píng)分系統(tǒng)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]胰腺炎;腹水;體層攝影術(shù),X線(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī);器官衰竭;預(yù)測(cè)
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R576;R442.5
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]2096-5532(2024)04-0518-05doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2024.60.139
[開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版]https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.r.20240930.0936.002;2024-09-3015:22:38
Value of peritoneal effusion quantitatively measured by abdominal computed tomography in predicting severe acute pancreatitisSONG Zhimin, CUI Jiufa, ZHU Qingyun, HU Bin, PAN Xinting(Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China); [Abstract]ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability of quantitative measurement of peritoneal effusion in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).
MethodsA total of 273 patients with AP who were admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2021 were enrolled to evaluate the onset of intra-abdominal fluid and quantitatively calculate the amount of peritoneal effusion. Related data were collected, including Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, and Computed Tomography Severity Index (CTSI). The receiver operating characte-
ristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to investigate the value of peritoneal effusion volume and different scoring systems in the early prediction of the severity of AP.
ResultsThe incidence rate of peritoneal effusion was 23% among the 273 AP patients. Peritoneal effusion volume was associated with the severity of AP (χ2=35.88-156.21,P<0.001) and organ failure (t=5.00-12.14,P<0.001) and was positively correlated with various scoring systems (r=0.546-0.716,P<0.001). Peritoneal effusion volume had an AUC of 0.918, a sensitivity of 87.5%, and a specificity of 94.0% in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and an AUC of 0.815, a sensitivity of 70.8%, and a specificity of 88.0% in predicting organ failure. Peritoneal effusion volume had a significantly larger AUC than BISAP score and APACHE Ⅱ score in predicting SAP (Z=2.101,3.159;P<0.05).
ConclusionPeritoneal effusion volume is associated with the severity of AP and is positively correlated with clinical scoring systems. Quantitative measurement of peritoneal effusion can be used to predict the onset of SAP and organ failure in the early stage, with a better efficacy than clinical scoring systems in predicting SAP.
[Key words]pancreatitis; ascites; tomography, X-ray computed; organ failure; forecasting
急性胰腺炎(AP)是常見(jiàn)的消化系統(tǒng)疾病,該病給病人帶來(lái)多種局部或全身并發(fā)癥[1-3]。AP的嚴(yán)重程度主要取決于全身炎癥反應(yīng)引起的器官衰竭及其持續(xù)時(shí)間[4-5]。早期重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)和器官衰竭對(duì)AP的危險(xiǎn)分層尤為重要。臨床上主要常用床旁急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)(BISAP)評(píng)分[6-7]、急性生理和慢性健康檢查Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)評(píng)分[8]來(lái)評(píng)估和預(yù)測(cè)AP病人的嚴(yán)重程度,但APACHEⅡ評(píng)分最初用于重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房病人病情的評(píng)估,而且它與BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)需要大量的臨床數(shù)據(jù),在評(píng)估
SAP方面存在局限性[9-10],在臨床中應(yīng)用有限。腹部CT常用于診斷AP并確定AP的范圍,具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性和敏感性,CT嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)(CTSI)可以評(píng)估AP的嚴(yán)重程度,特別是AP的局部并發(fā)癥[9],然而造影劑可能會(huì)加重胰腺炎的病情[11]。腹腔積液作為AP的并發(fā)癥之一,其中含有大量細(xì)胞因子、血管活性物質(zhì)、胰酶等毒性物質(zhì),這些毒性物質(zhì)引起的連鎖反應(yīng)可加重AP的病情[12-14]。本研究基于腹部CT圖像評(píng)估AP病人腹腔積液的發(fā)生率,以及BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)、APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分系統(tǒng)和CTSI評(píng)分系統(tǒng),分析腹腔積液量與AP嚴(yán)重程度及器官衰竭的關(guān)系。
1資料與方法
1.1研究對(duì)象
收集2018年1月—2021年12月我院連續(xù)收治的273例AP病人的臨床資料。AP的診斷參照文獻(xiàn)[15-16]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①急性發(fā)病;②在早期進(jìn)行腹部CT檢查;③臨床資料完整;④年齡在18~80歲的住院病人。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①既往存在腹腔積液病史;②慢性胰腺炎。臨床基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)包括:住院時(shí)間、入院48 h BISAP評(píng)分、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分和Marshall評(píng)分等。APACHEⅡ評(píng)分分級(jí)為輕度(0~7分)和重度(≥8分)[9,16],BISAP評(píng)分分級(jí)為輕度(0~2分)和重度(≥3分)[17]。AP嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)根據(jù)Atlanta分級(jí)(RAC分級(jí))[18],其中器官功能障礙的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基于改進(jìn)的Marshall評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[1]。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),病人均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2CT檢查
所有病人均使用CT掃描儀(東芝醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)Activion 16或西門(mén)子Somatom Definition Edge)進(jìn)行CT檢查。腹部CT檢查的參數(shù)如下:120 kVp、200 mAs,探測(cè)器配置為64 mm×0.6 mm,矩陣 512×512,截面厚度5.0 mm,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重建算法。掃描范圍:膈肌圓頂至髂骨嵴。增強(qiáng)造影劑(碘普羅胺)的流量為3~5 mL/s。其中CTSI分級(jí)為輕度(0~3分)、中度(4~6分)和重度(7~10分)[19]。兩名不知臨床結(jié)果的放射科醫(yī)生對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行分析,必要時(shí)在協(xié)商一致的情況下對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行校正。使用CT圖像后處理站或3D-slicer(3D Slicer image computing platform|3D Slicer)[20-21]等開(kāi)源軟件,標(biāo)記CT切片中所需測(cè)量區(qū)域的粗略輪廓,腹腔積液定義為該輪廓CT值在“0~30”之間的所有體素[22]。對(duì)所需體素進(jìn)行渲染后,通過(guò)軟件進(jìn)行建模,自動(dòng)計(jì)算體積。見(jiàn)圖1、2。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
采用SPSS 26.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以例數(shù)(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)量資料以±s表示,組間比較采用兩獨(dú)立
樣本t檢驗(yàn)。指標(biāo)間的相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)采用Spearman相關(guān)分析。采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線(xiàn)下面積(AUC)預(yù)測(cè)疾病的嚴(yán)重程度。以P<0.05為差異有顯著性。
2結(jié)果
2.1一般情況
本研究共納入273例病人,平均年齡(48.6±16.5)歲;其中男性174例,平均年齡(46.2±16.1)歲;女性99例,平均年齡(52.8±16.4)歲。AP原因:膽道113例(41.4%),高脂65例(23.8%),乙醇30例(11.0%),其他65例(23.8%)。AP程度:輕度180例(65.9%),中度69例(25.3%),重度24例(8.8%)。APACHEⅡ評(píng)分平均為(3.17±2.82)分(0~12分),其中輕度237例(86.8%),重度36例(13.2%)。BISAP評(píng)分平均為(0.73±0.97)分(0~4分),其中分級(jí)輕度256例(93.8%),重度17例(6.2%)。CTSI評(píng)分平均為(2.36±2.72)分(0~10分),其中輕度184例(67.4%),中度64例(23.4%),重度25例(9.2%)。平均住院時(shí)間(8.88±6.10)d(1~40 d)。其中器官衰竭48例(17.6%),死亡1例(0.4%)。
2.2腹腔積液量與各評(píng)分系統(tǒng)以及住院時(shí)間的相關(guān)性
本文273例AP病人中,63例觀(guān)察到腹腔積液,平均積液量為210 mL。腹腔積液量與CTSI評(píng)分(r=0.716,P<0.001)、BISAP評(píng)分(r=0.635,P<0.001)、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分(r=0.546,P<0.001)以及住院時(shí)間(r=0.657,P<0.001)呈正相關(guān)。
2.3不同評(píng)分系統(tǒng)各等級(jí)中腹腔積液的發(fā)生情況
不同評(píng)分系統(tǒng)各等級(jí)中腹腔積液的發(fā)生情況差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=35.88~156.21,P<0.001)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.4腹腔積液量與SAP和器官衰竭的關(guān)系
非SAP病人(即輕、中癥AP病人)腹腔積液量低于SAP病人(t=9.65,P<0.01),BISAP評(píng)分、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、CTSI評(píng)分和住院時(shí)間也低于SAP病人(t=5.00~15.39,P<0.001)。無(wú)器官衰竭病人腹腔積液量低于有器官衰竭病人(t=12.13,P<0.01),BISAP評(píng)分、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分、CTSI評(píng)分和住院時(shí)間也低于有器官衰竭病人(t=9.75~12.14,P<0.001)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.5腹腔積液量及不同評(píng)分系統(tǒng)對(duì)SAP和器官衰竭的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值
腹腔積液量預(yù)測(cè)SAP的AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.918、87.5%和94.0%,預(yù)測(cè)器官衰竭的AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.815、70.8%、88.0%。腹腔積液量預(yù)測(cè)SAP的AUC高于BISAP評(píng)分和APACHE Ⅱ評(píng)分(Z=2.101、3.159,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖3、表3。
3討論
AP作為世界上常見(jiàn)的疾病之一,其發(fā)病率在世界范圍內(nèi)呈上升趨勢(shì)[23],其病死率在10%~15%之間[24],特別是SAP的病死率更可高達(dá)30%~50%[25]。早期、快速識(shí)別其病情嚴(yán)重程度及死亡風(fēng)
險(xiǎn)具有重要意義。腹腔積液作為AP的并發(fā)癥之一,其中含有大量細(xì)胞因子、血管活性物質(zhì)、胰酶等毒性物質(zhì),這些毒性物質(zhì)引起的連鎖反應(yīng)是導(dǎo)致SAP早期多器官功能障礙綜合征和死亡的重要原因之一[12-14,26],但通過(guò)定量檢測(cè)腹腔積液來(lái)早期預(yù)測(cè)AP的嚴(yán)重程度的研究極少。
本研究結(jié)果表明,腹腔積液作為AP的并發(fā)癥之一,隨著AP的加重及器官衰竭的加重而加重,腹腔積液量也進(jìn)一步增加,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的腹腔積液可作為判斷SAP的指標(biāo)[26]、是死亡率的重要預(yù)測(cè)因子[14]的結(jié)果相符。
本研究結(jié)果表明,腹腔積液量與現(xiàn)存的AP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)具有相關(guān)性,且較現(xiàn)存評(píng)分系統(tǒng)具有更高的準(zhǔn)確性,這與SAMANTA等[14]的研究相似。對(duì)于預(yù)測(cè)SAP和器官衰竭,腹腔積液量為217.5 mL或更高時(shí),對(duì)SAP的預(yù)測(cè)特異度(94.0%)高于BISAP評(píng)分、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分和CTSI評(píng)分;腹腔積液量為124.5 mL或者更高時(shí),對(duì)器官衰竭的預(yù)測(cè)的特異度(88.0%)高于APACHEⅡ評(píng)分和CTSI評(píng)分。本研究所采用的腹腔積液定量方法避免了造影劑在AP早期應(yīng)用的危害[27],也避免了大量收集臨床數(shù)據(jù)帶來(lái)的偏倚[16]。腹腔積液的存在易于觀(guān)察,積液量可用影像操作系統(tǒng)直接或間接檢測(cè),獲取方便。腹腔積液的定量檢測(cè)對(duì)于判斷AP病情嚴(yán)重程度具有重要意義。
本文研究還存在一些局限性。本文分析中選擇的是早期進(jìn)行腹部CT檢查的病人,可能存在選擇偏倚。腹腔積液量與臨床預(yù)后相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)指標(biāo)(如C反應(yīng)蛋白水平、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)等)的關(guān)系在本研究未涉及,還需要進(jìn)一步研究驗(yàn)證。
綜上所述,AP病人腹部CT中常見(jiàn)的腹腔積液量與AP的嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),與器官衰竭的嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān)。定量測(cè)量腹腔積液量可作為SAP和器官衰竭的早期預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。
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(本文編輯周曉彬)
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2024年4期