主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)方面要保持一致,需要掌握以下三個(gè)原則。
一、語法一致,即主語和謂語要在語法上保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如:主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
二、意義一致,即從意義角度處理一致關(guān)系。如:主語形式上是單數(shù)形式,但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式;主語形式上是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但如果作整體看待,動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用單數(shù)形式,其中有些主語如不定代詞none,謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以,視具體情況而定。
三、就近一致,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于靠近它的主語。
例題解析:
1. There going to be a basketball match this afternoon .(is)
2. There still some milk in the fridge. It’s not necessary to go to the store today. (is)
3. There only one doctor in the hospital today. (is)
4. David, there some books and a dictionary on your desk. Please put them away. (are)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】在“There be +名詞或代詞”句式中,謂語動(dòng)詞的形式一般與作主語的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致。如果be動(dòng)詞后面出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最靠近be的那個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
5. —Physics more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
—Yes, I think so. (is)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】有些名詞形式上貌似復(fù)數(shù),但實(shí)際意義為單數(shù),如news(消息)、maths(數(shù)學(xué))、physics(物理)等。它們作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
6. There lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.(were)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】主語是people、police等集體名詞時(shí), 它們雖為單數(shù)形式,卻含有復(fù)數(shù)意義,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但有些集體名詞如family、group、class、team等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)具體情況而定。若看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若強(qiáng)調(diào)每個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
7. The number of teachers in our school greatly increased last term. A Number of teachers in this school from the countryside. (was; are)
8. The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them
about science. (are)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】“a number of (許多) + 可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of(……的數(shù)目)+可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
9. —Which would you like, tea or coffee?
—Either . OK, but I prefer coffee milk. (is; with)
10. Each of the girls here to the West Lake twice. (has been)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng)either、neither、each、one、the other、another、no one 等不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
11. I hear one third of the books in Wuhu Library new. Let’s borrow some. (are)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】“百分?jǐn)?shù)/分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式,應(yīng)根據(jù)of后面的名詞的數(shù)去確定。若名詞為復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若為不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
12. Neither my father nor my mother rock music. They think that It’s too . (likes; noisy)
12. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but I good at drawing. (am)
14. —Do you like your new T?shirt ?
—Yes. Not only I but also my mother it. (likes)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】由not only...but also(不但……而且)、either...or(或者……或者)、neither...nor(既不……也不)等并列連詞連接的成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最靠近它的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
15. —How much is the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars enough. (is)
16. I can’t afford the car. Five thousand dollars too much for me.(is)
【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】表示整體概念的時(shí)間、距離、金錢和度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·中考版2024年9期