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完形填空解題策略

2024-08-29 00:00:00鄭策

完形填空題是在一篇短文中空出某些詞或短語,每個(gè)空白處提供四個(gè)選項(xiàng),要求從中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,使短文意思完整、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、無語法錯(cuò)誤。完形填空出題內(nèi)容靈活、綜合性強(qiáng),重點(diǎn)考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語篇層次和語篇意義,對(duì)學(xué)生的理解性能力和語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力有較高的要求。

一、真題解析

下面以遼寧省盤錦市2023年中考完形填空為例。

On a hot and wet summer day, Nura and her dad found a place to cool off at the city museum. Suddenly the lights went out, leaving the room completely__1__.

“Dad, what’s going on?” Nura called out loudly.

“Don’t worry. The lights might come back on soon.” Dad said__2__to comfort (安慰) Nura. In a moment, a worker said loudly, “Excuse me, sir. There is a power cut (停電) across the city. We have to__3__the museum. I will walk you to the gate.”

Nura and her dad stopped at their favorite shop for ice cream. The shop owner__4__

when Nura’s dad tried to pay for it. They got free ice cream.

After Nura and her dad arrived home, they found the neighbors__5__their apartments. Everyone shared ice water, talking and laughing about the hot weather.

“I can’t__6__the heat in my room.” Mrs. Fong said, fanning herself with a newspaper.

A woman who lived downstairs was standing in the doorway. “If the power doesn’t come on soon, I’ll have to__7__all the food,” she said.

“The meat in the__8__will go bad without power,” said Nura’s dad. “Let’s take out the grill (烤架) to cook it.”

The woman in the doorway said. “I’ll make sure to bring enough for everyone.”

As they had their__9__night fell over the city. The air was thick and hot, but Nura didn’t mind anymore. She had enjoyed__10__ice cream, and she had shared a meal with her neighbors. She smiled to herself and continued to watch the stars.

11. A. cold B. crowded C. dark D. empty

12. A. peacefully B. weakly C. fairly D. strangely

13. A. open B. close C. tidy D. visit

14. A. spend B. cost C. pay D. afford

15. A. along B. inside C. above D. outside

16. A. stand B. suggest C. raise D. create

17. A. take off B. throw away C. look through D. cut up

18. A. market B. bowl C. glass D. fridge

19. A. breakfast B. drink  C. lunch D. dinner

20. A. smooth B. fresh C. free D. cheap

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在一個(gè)炎熱潮濕的夏夜,雖然整個(gè)城市停電,但是 Nura 不僅享用了免費(fèi)的冰激凌,還和鄰居們共進(jìn)了晚餐的故事。

1. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“suddenly the lights went out”可知,燈突然滅了,整個(gè)房間一片漆黑。dark黑暗的,符合語境。故選 C。

2. 考查副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“Dont worry. The lights mightcome back on soon.”和下文中的“to comfort (安慰) Nura”可知,爸爸平靜地安慰 Nura。peacefully 平靜地,符合語境。故選 A。

3. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文“I will walk you to the gate.”可知,不得不關(guān)閉博物館。close 關(guān)閉,符合語境。故選B。

4. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語境可知,當(dāng) Nura 的爸爸試圖付錢時(shí),店主拒絕了。pay支付,符合語境。故選 C。

5. 考查副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文“Everyone shared ice water, talking and laughing about the hot weather.”及語境可知,在 Nura和爸爸到家后,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰居們?cè)谒麄兊墓⑼饷?。outside在外面,符合語境。故選 D。

6. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“the heat in my room”及語境可知,F(xiàn)ong 太太表示她受不了房間里的高溫,stand忍受,符合語境。故選A。

7. 考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)上文中的“if the power doesn’t come on soon”及語境可知,住在樓下的一位女士說如果不能很快恢復(fù)供電,她就不得不扔掉所有的食物,throw away 扔掉,符合語境。故選B。

8. 考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“will go bad without power”及語境可知,Nura 的爸爸說:“沒有電,冰箱里的肉就會(huì)變質(zhì)?!?fridge冰箱,符合語境。故選 D。

9. 考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“night fell over the city”及語境可知,當(dāng)他們吃晚飯的時(shí)候,夜幕降臨了。dinner 晚餐,符合語境。故選D。

10. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文 “the shop owner refused”及語境可知,Nura 享用了免費(fèi)的冰激凌。free 免費(fèi)的,符合語境。故選C。

本篇文章長(zhǎng)度略長(zhǎng),10小題中包括名詞詞義辨析2小題,動(dòng)詞詞義辨析4小題(包含一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語)、形容詞詞義辨析2小題以及副詞詞義辨析2小題。

中考英語的完形填空試題語篇的長(zhǎng)度一般控制在200-250字左右,多數(shù)試卷設(shè)10或15小題。整體來說,難度適中,是體現(xiàn)區(qū)分度的重點(diǎn)題型。

在遼寧省中考樣題中,確定完形填空為10個(gè)小題,每小題1分。其中名詞詞義辨析4小題、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析4小題(包含一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語)、形容詞詞義辨析1小題以及連詞用法1小題。

完形填空題注重對(duì)實(shí)詞進(jìn)行考查,特別是對(duì)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語、名詞、形容詞、副詞等的考查,注重在具體的語境中考查詞語的用法;也會(huì)對(duì)連詞進(jìn)行考查,考查學(xué)生對(duì)行文邏輯的掌握及關(guān)聯(lián)詞的正確運(yùn)用。其他詞性略有涉及,但是不會(huì)涉略太多。

二、解題技巧

完形填空題與單項(xiàng)選擇題有著本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別,單項(xiàng)填空題側(cè)重對(duì)語法知識(shí)的考查,而完形填空題則側(cè)重對(duì)語用能力的考查,更注重對(duì)語篇的理解,而不是對(duì)單個(gè)句子的理解。要想做好完形填空,必須理解全文和注意上下文的呼應(yīng)。絕大多數(shù)完形填空題,如果只看單個(gè)句子,題目所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從語法角度來看都講得通,但是在具體的語篇中只能有一個(gè)正確答案。因此,看一空做一空的做法是不可取的,必須從語篇的角度來考慮所選答案。做題時(shí)一定要聯(lián)系上下文,從字里行間尋找隱藏信息,同時(shí)要善于根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)來進(jìn)行選擇。

三步閱讀法即“略讀”——“精讀”——“補(bǔ)讀”可以很好地完成完形填空題。每一遍閱讀的目的不同,所用時(shí)間和方法技巧也不同。

1. “略讀”——帶著5個(gè)“W”概括主旨大意。建議1-2分鐘完成,旨在粗略了解文章大意。在略讀過程中不要代入選項(xiàng),只看文本原來的材料。特別注意的是,文章的首句雖然不設(shè)題,但卻是理解文章主旨大意的關(guān)鍵,所以千萬不能忽略。文本多為夾敘夾議類文章,心里要帶著五個(gè)“W”問題進(jìn)行閱讀。

2. “精讀”——保持“線索感”和“代入感”。精讀是完形填空作答的核心部分。在搞清文章主旨大意之后,帶入選項(xiàng)進(jìn)入精讀,在答題時(shí)一定要注意,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都要帶入原文進(jìn)行辨析。精讀時(shí)要保持 “線索感”和“代入感”?!熬€索感”指的是注意上下文的呼應(yīng),把握文本給大家的提示信息,做到閱讀時(shí)理解自然、順理成章?!按敫小敝傅氖亲鲱}時(shí)要身臨其境,把自己想成文本中的主人公,自己設(shè)身處地地思考如果是我會(huì)怎樣做(動(dòng)詞詞義辨析),也可以推斷隨著故事的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的情緒(形容詞詞義辨析)。

3. “補(bǔ)讀”——查缺補(bǔ)漏。補(bǔ)讀環(huán)節(jié)是在精讀之后,對(duì)整篇文章有了深入和全面的理解之后,對(duì)某些在精讀環(huán)節(jié)不能確定答案的試題進(jìn)行再次作答的過程。補(bǔ)讀環(huán)節(jié)非常有必要,因?yàn)樵诰x之后,不確定的試題往往是命題者設(shè)置的有區(qū)分度的試題,所以這些試題也是高分選手拉開差距的關(guān)鍵。

三、模擬練習(xí)

When I was young, my father worked as a volunteer at Ray Home, a home for disabled children. At that time, I__1__with my brother Bob a lot. To help us, my father took us to__2__the Ray Home Sports Day.

The first__3__was a 50-meter race to see who could run the fastest. All the competitors were disabled. As the race started , all the children__4__as fast as they could, and just then, one of the girls fell down suddenly. She began to cry at the top of her voice. Without__5__twice, all the competitors stopped. They helped the__6__girl get to her feet. Then, they held their hands and moved to the finishing line. My brother and I were__7

shocked at their behavior. The children were not__8__at all in winning the race. The audience (觀眾) stood up and__9__applauded (鼓掌).

It was an important__10__. for my brother and me. Since then, we’ve never fought. The day at Ray Home taught us a lesson that we would never forget.

1. A. fought B. talked C. traded D. cried

2. A. suggest B. attend C. request D. review

3. A. show B. program C. event D. score

4. A. laughed   B. called C. agreed D. moved

5. A. thinking B. looking C. working D. reading

6. A. brave B. honest C. poor D. proud

7. A. beautifully B. completely C. widely D. successfully

8. A. important B. excited C. relaxed D. interested

9. A. warmly B. finally C. luckily D. exactly

10.A. friendship B. experience  C. examination D. discovery

【文章大意】本文講述了父親帶“我”和弟弟參加殘障人士運(yùn)動(dòng)日,使“我”和弟弟明白了互幫互助的道理。

1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為:“那時(shí),我和我弟弟鮑勃經(jīng)常打架?!眆ight意為“打架”;talk意為“交談”;trade意為“進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”;cry意為“哭泣”。由最后一段中的“Since then,we’ve never fought.”可知選A項(xiàng)。

2.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。suggest意為“建議”;attend意為“參加”;request意為“要求”;review意為“復(fù)習(xí)”。根據(jù)空后的“the Ray Home Sports Day”可知此處指參加,故選B項(xiàng)。

3.考查名詞辨析。show意為“演出”;program意為“(電視或廣播的)節(jié)目”; event意為“比賽項(xiàng)目”;score意為“分?jǐn)?shù)”。根據(jù)空后的“a 50-metre race”可知選C項(xiàng)。

4.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為:“比賽開始時(shí), 所有的孩子都盡可能快地移動(dòng)?!眑augh意為“笑”;call意為“打電話”;agree意為“同意”;move 意為“移動(dòng)”。根據(jù) to see who could run the fastest 可知選D項(xiàng)。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為:“沒有再三考慮,所有的參賽者都停了下來?!眛hink twice意為“再三考慮”。故選A項(xiàng)。

6.考查形容詞辨析。brave 意為“勇敢的”;honest意為“誠實(shí)的”;poor意為“可憐的”;proud意為“驕做的”。根據(jù)“one of the girls fell down suddenly”可知,女孩摔倒了,她很可憐。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.考查副詞辨析。句意為:“我弟弟和我完全被他們的行為震驚了?!眀eautifully意為“美麗地”;completely意為“完全地”;widely意為“廣泛地”;successfully意為“成功地”。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。

8.考查形容詞辨析。句意為:“孩子們對(duì)贏得比賽一點(diǎn)也不感興趣?!眎mportant意為“重要的”;excited意為“興奮的”;relaxed意為“放松的”;interested意為“感興趣的”。be interested in意為“對(duì)……感興趣”,符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。

9.考查副詞辨析。句意為:“觀眾站起來熱烈鼓掌。”warmly意為“熱烈地”;finally意為“最后”;luckily意為“幸運(yùn)地”;exactly意為“確切地”。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知此處表達(dá)熱烈地鼓掌,故選A項(xiàng)。

10.考查名詞辨析。句意為:“這對(duì)我弟弟和我是一次重要的經(jīng)歷?!眆riendship 意為“友誼”;experience意為“經(jīng)歷”;examination意為“考試”;discovery意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。結(jié)合語境,故選B項(xiàng)。

我們?cè)诮馔晷翁羁疹}時(shí)要利用好上下文的提示信息,把握行文邏輯,反復(fù)閱讀推敲確定正確答案。需要說明的是解題的技巧固然重要,但踏踏實(shí)實(shí)進(jìn)行大量知識(shí)積累才是關(guān)鍵。有了知識(shí)量的積累再談技巧,才能達(dá)到質(zhì)的飛躍!

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