涼粉,無(wú)疑是夏天里的一股清流,以晶瑩剔透的外觀和冰爽彈牙的口感,成為人們對(duì)抗炎炎夏日的不二選擇。在酷熱的天氣里,當(dāng)一碗浸潤(rùn)著不同料汁的涼粉,穿舌過(guò)喉在身體內(nèi)長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入時(shí),整個(gè)夏天就變得清爽起來(lái)。
我們常見(jiàn)的涼粉,白白嫩嫩,多以淀粉為原料,與水混合、加熱攪拌,盛出冷卻后如羊脂玉般瑩潤(rùn),因其操作簡(jiǎn)單、原料易得,較早地出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)人的餐桌上。1000多年前,《齊民要術(shù)》里有用淀粉制作食物的記錄,到了宋代,《東京夢(mèng)華錄》里更是出現(xiàn)了“細(xì)索涼粉”的字眼。毫不夸張地說(shuō),我們吃的每一口涼粉,都是歷史。
歷史悠久,再加上地大物博,給了中國(guó)各地涼粉“百花齊放、百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的底氣。云南的木瓜水、紹興的木蓮豆腐、閩南的燒仙草、潮汕的草粿……花哨的調(diào)味卻掩蓋不了口感上的相似。在“亂花漸欲迷人眼”中,山東沿海地區(qū)一款從海里“撈”出的涼粉,帶給這個(gè)夏天不一樣的色彩。
大海的饋贈(zèng)不僅有海鮮,還有海菜。在山東沿海的近海礁石上,長(zhǎng)有一種海藻——石花菜?!侗静菥V目》中有記載:石花菜,生南海沙石間,高二三寸,狀如珊瑚,有紅白二色,枝上有細(xì)齒。以沸湯泡去砂屑,沃以姜醋,食之甚脆。其根埋沙中,可再生枝也。一種稍粗而似雞爪者,謂之雞腳菜,味更佳。二物久浸皆化成膠凍也??梢?jiàn),石花菜的食用,古已有之。古時(shí)候,山東沿海居民就地取材,利用石花菜制作出了海涼粉。
在每年夏季快到來(lái)的時(shí)候,很多海邊居民會(huì)去礁石上采摘石花菜,將其晾曬至呈現(xiàn)出一種微微泛黃的白色。為了不影響涼粉的口感,他們會(huì)將曬干后的石花菜進(jìn)行反復(fù)清洗,再放入大鍋中加水熬制成膠狀,然后用濾網(wǎng)將石花菜濾出,留下湯汁,讓其自然凝固成滑嫩的涼粉。待天氣炎熱之時(shí),就拿出來(lái)切條或是切塊,再加入海米、蒜泥、陳醋、香菜末等,便做成了一道糅合北方和大海味道的海涼粉。
海涼粉,外形看起來(lái)如水晶一般,入口爽滑又略帶些韌性,在唇齒間存留不了多久便化開(kāi)來(lái),這口感十分讓人上癮。除了美味可口,海涼粉還具有一定的養(yǎng)生價(jià)值。據(jù)《本草綱目》記載,石花菜具有“清肺部熱痰,導(dǎo)腸中濕熱,陰虛濕熱、痔血等癥,皆可用之”的功效。因而,在這個(gè)炎炎夏日里,不妨來(lái)一碗海涼粉,清熱解暑、健胃消食,不僅能帶來(lái)身體上的清涼,更能為心靈帶來(lái)一絲寧?kù)o和愜意。
老味道好吃,但制作比較繁瑣。如今,已經(jīng)很少有年輕人愿意花功夫、費(fèi)時(shí)間去做這道菜了。但在山東沿海,仍然有許多餐館保留著這份傳統(tǒng)的味道,讓本地人和外地游客,在吃上海涼粉的時(shí)候,都打心眼里愛(ài)上山東的這片海。
編輯/郭曉娟
Agar jelly is undoubtedly a refreshing food in summer, becoming our best choice to withstand summer heat with its crystal-clear appearance and icy and springy texture. In scorching weather, when a bowl of agar jelly with its different sauces enters your stomach through your tongue and throat, your whole summer will be refreshing and pleasant.
Every year as summer approaches, lots of seaside dwellers may pick agar weed on a reef, and air the agar until it turns yellowish white. To avoid affecting the taste of agar jelly, they repeatedly wash the dried agar weed, add water to stew it into jelly in a wok, and then filter out the agar weed with a strainer to retain juice before letting it naturally solidify into smooth, tender jelly. In hot weather, they will take it out to cut into strips or slices, and add dried shrimps, mashed garlic, mature vinegar, minced coriander, etc. to complete a dish of agar jelly combining the flavors of the north and the sea.
Nowadays, few young people are willing to spend time and effort on making this dish. However, in the coastal area of Shandong, many restaurants still retain the traditional taste, enabling both natives and nonnative tourists to fall in love with the sea when eating the bowl of agar jelly.