何金俊 岑瑛
[摘要]目的:探討胰激肽原酶對(duì)大鼠背部超長(zhǎng)隨意皮瓣存活、炎癥因子和氧化應(yīng)激的影響。方法:將SPF級(jí)SD大鼠分為假手術(shù)組、生理鹽水組、胰激肽原酶低劑量組和胰激肽原酶高劑量組。假手術(shù)組僅切開(kāi)皮瓣,其余組做皮瓣損傷模型,生理鹽水組不給予藥物處理,胰激肽原酶低劑量組給予7.2 U/kg胰激肽原酶,胰激肽原酶高劑量組給予14.4 U/kg胰激肽原酶,治療7 d。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,觀(guān)察大鼠皮瓣成活率,HE染色觀(guān)察大鼠皮瓣病理變化,使用原位末端轉(zhuǎn)移酶標(biāo)記技術(shù)(Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling,TUNEL)染色觀(guān)察皮瓣細(xì)胞凋亡情況,CD31染色觀(guān)察血管形成情況,ELISA檢測(cè)大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量,皮瓣中Nrf2/HO-1水平。結(jié)果:與生理鹽水組相比胰激肽原酶組提高了大鼠皮瓣存活率,減輕了皮瓣組織損傷,降低了血清TNF-α和IL-6含量,增高了Nrf2/HO-1水平。結(jié)論:胰激肽原酶能夠提升皮瓣存活率,減輕大鼠炎癥反應(yīng)和氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]胰激肽原酶;皮瓣存活;氧化應(yīng)激;Nrf2/HO-1
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R622? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2024)01-0054-04
Effects of Pancreatic Kallikrein on Flap Survival,Inflammatory Factors and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Dorsal Flap Injury
HE Jinjun,CEN Ying
(Department of Plastic Surgery/Burn,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 644000,Sichuan,China)
Abstract: Objective? To investigate the effects of pancreatic kininogenase on the survival,inflammatory factors and oxidative stress of super-long random skin flap in rats. Methods? SPF SD rats were divided into sham operation group, control group, low dose pancreatic kininogenase group and high dose pancreatic kininogenase group. The sham operation group only cut open the skin flap, the other groups made the skin flap injury model, the control group was not given drug treatment, the pancreatic kininogenase low dose group was given 7.2 U/kg pancreatic kininogenase, and the pancreatic kininogenase high dose group was given 14.4 U/kg pancreatic kininogenase for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the survival rate of rat skin flap was observed, the pathological changes of rat skin flap were observed by HE staining, the apoptosis of skin flap was observed by TUNEL staining, the angiogenesis was observed by CD31 staining, the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and the level of Nrf2/HO-1 in skin flap were detected by ELISA. Results? compared with the control group, pancreatic kininogenase increased the survival rate of skin flap, reduced the tissue injury of skin flap, decreased the content of serum TNF-α and IL-6, and increased the level of Nrf2/HO-1. Conclusion? pancreatic kininogenase can improve the survival rate of skin flap and reduce inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in rats.
Key words: pancreatic kininogenase; flap survival; oxidative stress; Nrf2/HO-1
皮瓣移植是整形、美容和重建手術(shù)中廣泛使用的一種主要方式,用于治療皮膚缺損。這種方法因其方便性和彈性而被用于治療創(chuàng)傷性皮膚損傷、難治性傷口、癌癥切除、燒傷和下肢血管潰瘍[1-3]。然而,皮瓣組織損失率從占皮瓣長(zhǎng)度的25%~50%是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題[4]。胰激肽原酶又稱(chēng)胰激肽釋放酶,是哺乳動(dòng)物胰腺等器官中提取的一種蛋白水解酶,具有血管舒張、改善血液循環(huán)和微循環(huán)、防止血栓形成等作用[5]。基于此,本研究通過(guò)測(cè)定皮瓣存活率、平均血管密度、炎癥因子、抗氧化物和Nrf-2、HO-1蛋白表達(dá)來(lái)探討胰激肽原酶對(duì)大鼠皮瓣存活的影響。
1? 材料和方法
1.1 試劑和儀器:細(xì)胞因子的酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測(cè)試劑盒(上海酶聯(lián)生物科技有限公司),蛋白特異性一抗(英國(guó)Abcam公司)。顯微鏡(麥克奧迪實(shí)業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司),凝膠電泳系統(tǒng)及成像系統(tǒng)(上海天能科技有限公司)。
1.2 動(dòng)物造模及分組:SPF級(jí)6~8周雌性SD大鼠24只,體質(zhì)量200~300 g,購(gòu)自成都達(dá)碩實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物有限公司[SCXK(川)2020-0030]。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物經(jīng)華西醫(yī)院動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)審批,審批編號(hào):20230425001。適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周,隨機(jī)分為A組(假手術(shù)組)、B組(0.9%生理鹽水對(duì)照組)、C組(胰激肽原酶低劑量組,7.2 U/kg)、D組(胰激肽原酶高劑量組,14.4 U/kg)組,每組6只。A組僅切開(kāi)皮瓣,其余組給予腹腔內(nèi)注射2%戊巴比妥鈉(20 mg/kg)進(jìn)行麻醉后,固定、背部手術(shù)區(qū)域刮毛,設(shè)計(jì)一蒂部在尾側(cè)端長(zhǎng)寬約8 cm×2 cm皮瓣,碘伏消毒、鋪巾,沿設(shè)計(jì)線(xiàn)切開(kāi)皮膚至肉膜層,全層游離掀起,止血滿(mǎn)意后皮瓣予4-0絲線(xiàn)原位縫合。于術(shù)后開(kāi)始給藥,C組和D組分別腹腔注射7.2 U/kg和14.4 U/kg的胰激肽原酶[6],A組和B組等量生理鹽水腹腔注射,1次/天,連續(xù)7 d。
1.3 皮瓣成活率觀(guān)察:術(shù)后7 d,測(cè)量皮瓣存活區(qū)面積百分比。皮瓣成活率=皮瓣存活面積/皮瓣總面積×100%。
1.4 HE染色:術(shù)后7 d切取大鼠皮瓣距尾端3~4 cm處組織,10%多聚甲醛溶液中固定48 h,石蠟包埋;制3 μm切片,HE染色,于顯微鏡下觀(guān)察。
1.5 TUNEL染色:用末端脫氧核苷酸轉(zhuǎn)移酶(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase,TDT)介導(dǎo)的缺口末端標(biāo)記(TUNEL)染色檢測(cè)DNA斷裂程度。脫蠟、復(fù)水、封閉、10.2 mmol/L檸檬酸鹽緩沖液處理,PBS洗滌后,37℃原位細(xì)胞死亡檢測(cè)試劑盒(羅氏中國(guó),中國(guó)上海)染色30 min,DAPI染色細(xì)胞核。最后,在熒光顯微鏡(奧林巴斯,日本東京)下捕獲每張玻片的6個(gè)隨機(jī)場(chǎng),對(duì)TUNEL陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)。
1.6 CD31染色:切片按照免疫組化試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行CD31染色。先將染色切片置于低倍鏡下確定血管密度最高區(qū)域,再在高倍鏡下選取3個(gè)密度較多視野進(jìn)行微血管計(jì)數(shù)并取平均值,計(jì)算出單位面積微血管數(shù)目。
1.7 ELISA檢測(cè):術(shù)后7 d于皮瓣蒂部抽取腹壁淺動(dòng)脈血液1.5 ml,4 000 r/min條件下離心15 min分離血清,按照ELISA試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行操作,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線(xiàn)計(jì)算各組大鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-6含量。選取部分皮瓣組織稱(chēng)重后用超聲勻漿機(jī)制成10%勻漿液,于4℃下10 000 r/min離心20 min后取上清液,按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)步驟進(jìn)行操作,采用比色法檢測(cè)皮瓣組織中SOD活性和MDA含量。
1.8 WB檢測(cè):取各組大鼠皮瓣組織剪碎勻漿,加入RIPA裂解液提取總蛋白,采用BCA法測(cè)定樣品濃度,取等量蛋白進(jìn)行凝膠電泳分離后,轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜上。用脫脂奶粉封閉1 h后,4℃孵育稀釋后的一抗(VEGF-A、HIF-1α和GAPDH,1∶1 000)12 h。次日清洗后加入相應(yīng)二抗孵育2 h。洗滌后,加入顯影液顯影成像。使用GAPDH抗體進(jìn)行內(nèi)參校正,曝光圖像用Image J軟件對(duì)條帶灰度值進(jìn)行分析,用目的蛋白與GAPDH灰度值比表示目的蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.9 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用GraphPad 8.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果用(xˉ±s)表示,兩組數(shù)據(jù)之間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),三組間及三組以上數(shù)據(jù)分析采用單因素方差分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1 皮瓣外觀(guān)觀(guān)察及成活率:各組皮瓣存活率顯著差異,與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比,生理鹽水組大鼠皮瓣存活率顯著降低(P<0.001),與生理鹽水組對(duì)比,胰激肽原酶高劑量組大鼠皮瓣存活率顯著升高(P<0.05),見(jiàn)圖1~2。
2.2 皮瓣組織病理學(xué)觀(guān)察:通過(guò)HE染色,假手術(shù)組皮瓣組織表皮結(jié)構(gòu)完整清晰,角質(zhì)層明顯,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。生理鹽水組皮瓣組織大面積變性壞死,見(jiàn)壞死區(qū)域細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)消失,胞質(zhì)溶解,胞核固縮或消失,可見(jiàn)皮瓣組織內(nèi)不同程度出血。胰激肽原酶低劑量組皮瓣組織表皮結(jié)構(gòu)較完整清晰,角質(zhì)層明顯,復(fù)層扁平上皮層較薄,細(xì)胞排列整齊緊密,真皮層內(nèi)膠原纖維不同程度變性壞死,見(jiàn)膠原纖維結(jié)構(gòu)消失。胰激肽原酶高劑量組皮瓣組織表皮結(jié)構(gòu)完整清晰,角質(zhì)層明顯,細(xì)胞排列整齊緊密;真皮層內(nèi)見(jiàn)少量的炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),毛囊和皮脂腺等附屬器結(jié)構(gòu)完整。見(jiàn)圖3。TUNEL染色發(fā)現(xiàn),與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比,生理鹽水組細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著升高(P<0.001);與生理鹽水組對(duì)比,胰激肽原酶低劑量組和胰激肽原酶高劑量組細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著降低(P<0.001)。見(jiàn)圖4。
2.3 各組大鼠血管形成情況:與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比,生理鹽水組大鼠血管數(shù)量顯著降低(P<0.01);與生理鹽水組對(duì)比,胰激肽原酶高劑量和胰激肽原酶低劑量組大鼠血管數(shù)量顯著增加(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)圖5。
2.4 皮瓣中TNF-α、IL-6水平:與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比,生理鹽水組大鼠TNF-α、IL-6含量顯著升高(P<0.001);與生理鹽水組對(duì)比,胰激肽原酶高劑量和胰激肽原酶低劑量組大鼠TNF-α、IL-6含量顯著降低(P<0.001)。見(jiàn)圖6。
2.5 皮瓣中生化試劑盒檢測(cè)總蛋白TP、超氧化物歧化酶SOD、丙二醛MDA水平:各組大鼠的總蛋白含量無(wú)顯著差異。與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比,生理鹽水組大鼠SOD含量顯著降低(P<0.001),MDA含量顯著增加(P<0.001);與生理鹽水組對(duì)比,胰激肽原酶高劑量和胰激肽原酶低劑量組大鼠SOD含量顯著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量顯著降低(P<0.001)。見(jiàn)圖7。
2.6 皮瓣中Nrf2/HO-1水平:Nrf2(細(xì)胞核,內(nèi)參用histone h3)、HO-1(總蛋白,內(nèi)參用β-actin)。與假手術(shù)組對(duì)比,生理鹽水組大鼠Nrf2和HO-1表達(dá)量無(wú)明顯差異;與生理鹽水組對(duì)比,胰激肽原酶高劑量和胰激肽原酶低劑量組大鼠Nrf2表達(dá)顯著升高(P<0.05),胰激肽原酶高劑量大鼠HO-1表達(dá)顯著升高(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)圖8。
3? 討論
胰激肽原酶為蛋白類(lèi)水解酶,可調(diào)節(jié)血糖、血壓及炎癥反應(yīng)等[7]。有研究報(bào)道,胰激肽原酶在糖尿病腎病中發(fā)揮抗氧化應(yīng)激、抗炎癥反應(yīng)及抗組織纖維化等重要調(diào)控作用[8]。本研究結(jié)果表明,高劑量胰激肽原酶可顯著改善大鼠背部皮瓣存活情況,促進(jìn)組織結(jié)構(gòu)完整,降低細(xì)胞凋亡率,促進(jìn)血管生成,改善炎癥。
有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),胰激肽原酶能夠有效降低血液黏稠度,抑制血小板聚集,擴(kuò)張毛細(xì)血管,改善機(jī)體微循環(huán)[9-10]。本研究前期檢測(cè)了各組大鼠的皮瓣損傷,結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)胰激肽原酶治療后大鼠的皮瓣組織表皮結(jié)構(gòu)變得完整清晰,細(xì)胞凋亡也顯著減少,血管數(shù)量顯著增加。這表明胰激肽原酶對(duì)皮瓣損傷具有修復(fù)作用。
皮瓣存活受到三重因素的威脅,包括灌注不良、炎癥機(jī)制和氧化應(yīng)激[11-12]。隨意皮瓣無(wú)特殊血管存在,主要依靠新的毛細(xì)血管網(wǎng)供血[13]。由于不受特定血管的限制,造成皮瓣的柔韌性,但也容易導(dǎo)致組織缺血和壞死[14]。一旦血管生成和血液灌注,就會(huì)發(fā)生缺血再灌注損傷[15],這意味著氧化應(yīng)激發(fā)生在缺血組織和損傷的皮瓣上,伴有細(xì)胞凋亡[16-17]。本研究對(duì)大鼠皮瓣勻漿中炎癥因子TNF-α、IL-6和超氧化物歧化酶SOD、丙二醛MDA檢測(cè),結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)過(guò)胰激肽原酶干預(yù)后,大鼠皮瓣SOD水平顯著升高,MDA水平顯著降低,說(shuō)明大鼠的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)改善較好。
Nrf2/HO-1信號(hào)通路是細(xì)胞抗氧化防御機(jī)制的一個(gè)組成部分[18],研究報(bào)道NRF2可通過(guò)上調(diào)HO-1表達(dá),對(duì)抗氧化應(yīng)激水平升高,減輕細(xì)胞損傷[19]。有研究表明,當(dāng)Nrf2/HO-1表達(dá)上調(diào)時(shí),活性氧類(lèi)、促炎因子等顯著減少[20]。本研究結(jié)果顯示經(jīng)胰激肽原酶干預(yù)后,Nrf2和HO-1的表達(dá)水平均增高,這表明胰激肽原酶能有效緩解皮瓣損傷的氧化應(yīng)激和細(xì)胞損傷。
綜上所述,胰激肽原酶對(duì)皮瓣損傷大鼠表皮組織、氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)中具有調(diào)控作用,本實(shí)驗(yàn)從動(dòng)物水平上初步說(shuō)明了胰激肽原酶對(duì)皮瓣損傷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,后續(xù)將計(jì)劃進(jìn)一步探究胰激肽原酶的具體調(diào)節(jié)作用機(jī)制,為胰激肽原酶的臨床應(yīng)用及藥物研發(fā)提供更加充分的理論依據(jù)。
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[收稿日期]2022-12-09
本文引用格式:何金俊,岑瑛.胰激肽原酶對(duì)背部皮瓣損傷大鼠皮瓣存活及炎癥因子與氧化應(yīng)激的影響[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2024,33(1):54-58.