1 A hot online discussion—unreservedseats were priced the same as secondclassseats無(wú)座和二等座同價(jià)上熱搜

An online discussion emerged［ 浮現(xiàn)］ regarding the pricing andusage of unreserved seats on high-speed trains recently. Thecontroversy［爭(zhēng)論；辯論］ gained significant attention and sparked heateddebates among netizens. Many passengers voiced their frustration，pointing out that unreservedseats and second-class seatswere being sold at the sameprice. They expressed theirdissatisfaction with the situation，highlighting the stark differencein comfort between the twooptions. One netizen humorously remarked， “We’re paying the samefare， but one gets to sit comfortably while the other is squeezed［擠］near the restroom.”

In response to these concerns， the 12306 China railwaycustomer service provided an explanation. They stated thatcurrently， unreserved seats were priced the same as second-classseats. This pricing policy was established in accordance with theguidelines set forth by China’s National Development and ReformCommission， allowing railway transport companies to determinepricing independently. The pricing adhered to the relevant laws andregulations， including pricing and railway laws， while also consideringmarket conditions and implementing［執(zhí)行］ a flexible fare system.

最近，網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于高鐵列車上無(wú)座的定價(jià)和使用的討論。這一爭(zhēng)議引起了極大的關(guān)注，并在網(wǎng)民中引發(fā)了激烈的辯論。許多乘客表達(dá)了他們的失望之情，他們指出，無(wú)座和二等座的票價(jià)是一樣的。他們表達(dá)了對(duì)這種情況的不滿，突顯出這兩種選擇在舒適度上的巨大差異。一名網(wǎng)友幽默地評(píng)論：“我們付的是同樣的車費(fèi)，但一個(gè)可以舒適地坐著，另一個(gè)則擠在洗手間附近?！?/p>

針對(duì)這些疑慮，12306 中國(guó)鐵路客服進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。他們表示，目前無(wú)座與二等座的定價(jià)相同，這一定價(jià)政策是根據(jù)國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委文件精神，由鐵路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)自行定價(jià)。按照價(jià)格法、鐵路法等法律法規(guī)規(guī)定，同時(shí)會(huì)根據(jù)市場(chǎng)情況，實(shí)行多檔次浮動(dòng)票價(jià)體系。

Fill in the blanks：

Many passengers pointing out that unreserved seats and second-class seats were being sold at the __________ price.

2The benefits of laughter： smilingfor a healthy heart

開(kāi)懷大笑的好處： 有利于心臟健康

The old adage that “l(fā)aughter is the best medicine” may containan element of truth when it comes to heart health. A study hasdemonstrated［ 證明］ that having a chuckle［ 輕聲笑］ causes the tissueinside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around thebody. “Our study found that laughter therapyincreased the functional capacity of thecardiovascular system，” said Prof MarcoSaffi， of the Hospital de Clínicas de PortoAlegre in Brazil.

In the trial， scientists carried out a first-ofits-kind study to examine if laughter therapy couldimprove symptoms of patients with heart disease. It involved26 adults with an average age of 64， all diagnosed with coronaryartery disease. At the end of the 12-week study period， the comedygroup improved by 10% in a test measuring how much oxygentheir heart could pump around the body. This study found thatlaughter therapy is a good intervention that could help reduce thatinflammation and decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke.

俗話說(shuō)“笑是最好的良藥”，這句話在心臟健康方面也許是有道理的。一項(xiàng)研究表明，笑能讓心臟內(nèi)部組織擴(kuò)張，從而增加體內(nèi)的氧氣流量。巴西阿雷格里港醫(yī)院的馬克·薩菲教授表示：“我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大笑療法能改善心血管系統(tǒng)的功能。”

科學(xué)家在這項(xiàng)研究中開(kāi)展了一場(chǎng)史無(wú)前例的試驗(yàn)，看大笑療法能否減輕心臟病患者的癥狀。平均年齡為64 歲的26 名成人參與了這個(gè)試驗(yàn)，他們?nèi)即_診冠心病。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)12 周的研究結(jié)束時(shí)，科學(xué)家對(duì)他們的身體進(jìn)行檢查后發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀看喜劇的小組成員心臟供應(yīng)全身的氧氣流量增加了10%。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大笑療法是很好的干預(yù)手段，有助于減輕炎癥并降低心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Fill in the blanks：

Laughter therapy had reduced inflammation and decrease the risk of_________________and stroke.

3Childhood amnesia： the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories

童年失憶癥：成年人無(wú)法回憶的情景記憶

Childhood amnesia， also called infantile［ 幼兒的］ amnesia， is theinability of adults to retrieve episodic［ 插曲式的］ memories （memoriesof situations or events） before the age of 2 to 4 years. It may alsorefer to the scarcity or fragmentation［ 破碎］ of memories recollectedfrom early childhood， particularly occurring between the ages of 2and 6. Childhood amnesia is a normal part of brain development.Episodic memories involve the hippocampus， a part of the brainfound in the temporal lobe， which is not fully developed at birth. Thehippocampus should be ready at about the age of 4. Memories thatare not repeatedly retold and strengthened become lost over time.

For a long time， scientists thought childhoodamnesia occurred because the brains ofyoung children simply couldn’t formlasting memories of specific events.More studies provided evidence thatat some point in childhood， peoplelose access to their early memories.And they found that children as old as7 could still recall more than 60 percentof those early events， while children whowere 8 or 9 recalled less than 40 percent. Onaverage， this fragmented period wanes off at around 4.7 years. Around5 or 6 years of age in particular is thought to be when autobiographicalmemory seems to stabilize and be on par with adults.

童年失憶癥，也稱為嬰兒健忘癥，指的是成年人無(wú)法回憶起自己2歲或者4 歲之前的情景記憶；也指在2 至6 歲之間，童年早期記憶的碎片化。童年失憶癥是大腦發(fā)育的正?，F(xiàn)象。人的記憶需要大腦顳葉中海馬體的協(xié)助，而嬰兒剛出生時(shí)，海馬體尚未發(fā)育完全，在4 歲左右漸趨成熟。沒(méi)有被反復(fù)講述和強(qiáng)化的記憶會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失。

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為童年失憶癥是因?yàn)橛變旱拇竽X根本無(wú)法形成對(duì)特定事件的持久記憶。更多的研究提供了證據(jù)，表明在童年的某個(gè)時(shí)候，人們就失去了早期記憶。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)7 歲的孩子仍然可以回憶起自己幼兒時(shí)期60% 以上的事件，而8～9 歲的孩子只能回憶起不到40%的事件。平均而言，童年失憶癥的平均年齡在4.7 歲左右。當(dāng)兒童到了五六歲之后，他們的自傳體記憶逐漸穩(wěn)定，幾乎與成年人相當(dāng)。

Fill in the blanks：

Childhood amnesia， also called ____________ amnesia， is a normal part of brain development.

4 When hair standing on end—don’t run頭發(fā)突然豎起——專家：不能跑

A video clip showing a group of tourists traveling in the desert with theirhair standing on end， sparked heated discussion on social media. Manynetizens said the phenomenon［現(xiàn)象］ is a sign of an approaching storm andsuggested that the group should have run away as soon as possible.

However， Feng Minxue， directorfrom the Lightning Prevention andDisaster Reduction Institution inJiangsu Province noted that runningaway is not the best measure to adoptin such a circumstance. Accordingto Feng， “If an individual’s hair is dryand there is a little too much staticelectricity， there is still time to leave. However， if the hair has alreadystood on， people should not run. Running can form step voltage whichis more dangerous. The correct approach is to lower one’s body height.If they can’t leave the mountain top in time， they should quickly crouchdown on the spot， bring their feet as close together as possible， and usetheir hands to shield［ 保護(hù)］ their heads， avoiding touching the ground，”he said.

近日，一個(gè)視頻片段顯示，一群游客在沙漠中旅行時(shí)頭發(fā)豎起，這在社交媒體上引發(fā)了熱烈討論。許多網(wǎng)民表示，這一現(xiàn)象是暴風(fēng)雨即將到來(lái)的跡象，并建議這群人應(yīng)該盡快跑。

然而，江蘇省防雷中心主任馮民學(xué)介紹，大家遇到類似的情況趕緊跑并非上策。他說(shuō)：“如果頭發(fā)僅僅是干燥，靜電有點(diǎn)多，那還有時(shí)間離開(kāi)；然而，如果頭發(fā)已經(jīng)豎起來(lái)了，就不能跑了。而且跑會(huì)形成跨步電壓，反而更危險(xiǎn)。正確的做法應(yīng)該是首先降低自己的高度。如果來(lái)不及離開(kāi)山巔，趕緊就地蹲下，雙腳盡量并攏，雙手避免觸地，抱頭藏膝間?！?/p>

Fill in the blanks：

If the hair has already stood on， people should not_________________