黃美云
一、代詞概述
代詞用來(lái)代替名詞,在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),有時(shí)還可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。代詞在考試命題中主要考查代詞格的變化、代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式以及不定代詞和it 的用法等。
二、基本知識(shí)
(一)人稱(chēng)代詞:主格作主語(yǔ),賓格用作及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語(yǔ)
第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù):I/me/my/mine/myself
第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù):we/us/our/ours/ourselves
第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù):you/you/your/yours/yourself
第二人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù):you/you/your/yours/yourselves
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):he/him/his/his/himself/she/her/hers/herself/it/it/its/its/itself
第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù):they/them/their/theirs/themselves
He often helps me.
他經(jīng)常幫助我。
The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.
這輛自行車(chē)屬于湯姆和我。
出現(xiàn)并列主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),其排列順序有以下規(guī)律:?jiǎn)螖?shù)時(shí)是第一、第二、第三人稱(chēng),即“I, you and he” 或“me, you and him”; 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)是第一、第二、第三人稱(chēng),即“we, you and they” 或“us, you and them”。
(二)物主代詞:形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ),后加名詞; 而名詞性物主代詞等于形容詞性物主代詞加名詞;名詞性物主代詞可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
1. 作主語(yǔ)
Your pen is blue. Mine is blue, too.
你的筆是藍(lán)色的,我的也是。
2. 作賓語(yǔ)
May I use your pen? I’ve lost mine.
我可以用下你的筆嗎?我的筆不見(jiàn)了。
3. 作表語(yǔ)
This is my book. = This book is mine.
這是我的書(shū)。= 這本書(shū)是我的。
(三)反身代詞:第一、第二人稱(chēng)的反身代詞在形容詞性物主代詞后加上self 或selves,第三人稱(chēng)的反身代詞在賓格代詞后加self 或selves,用作賓語(yǔ)或起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
1. 作賓語(yǔ)
I can look at myself in the mirror.
我可以在鏡中看到自己。
2. 作強(qiáng)調(diào)
I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.
我自己去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我叔叔。
(四)指示代詞
1. this、that、these、those
What’s this (that)? It’s a book.
這是什么?是一本書(shū)。
What are these (those)? They are books.
這些是什么?它們是書(shū)。
this 和these 指代距離比較近的人或物,that 和those 指代距離稍遠(yuǎn)的人或物。
2. it
(1)指物
It’s a robot.
它是一個(gè)機(jī)器人。
(2)指自然現(xiàn)象
It’s raining now, but it will be fine soon.
現(xiàn)在在下雨,但很快會(huì)放晴。
(3)指時(shí)間
What time is it? It’s 8 o’clock.
幾點(diǎn)了? 8 點(diǎn)了。
(4)指距離
It’s twenty minutes’ walk.
步行20 分鐘的路程。
(5)作形式主語(yǔ)
It took me half an hour to finish the work.
我花了30 分鐘才完成這項(xiàng)工作。
(6)作形式賓語(yǔ)
We think it necessary to relax from time to time.
我們認(rèn)為適時(shí)放松很重要。
(五)不定代詞
1. some、any
(1)通常情況下,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中
There are some pens on the desk.
桌上有一些鋼筆。
There aren’t any pens on the desk.
桌上沒(méi)有鋼筆。
Are there any pens on the desk?
桌上有鋼筆嗎?
(2)在表示請(qǐng)求、建議、反問(wèn)等語(yǔ)氣的句子中,用some 而不用any
Would you like some drink?
你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎?
(3)any 也可以表示任何一個(gè)
If you have any questions, you can ask me.
如果你有任何問(wèn)題,你都可以問(wèn)我。
2. 復(fù)合不定代詞:something、anything、nothing、everything、somebody、anybody、nobody、everybody、someone、anyone、no one、everyone、somewhere、anywhere、nowhere,everywhere
(1)作主語(yǔ)
Someone is waiting for you.
有人在等你。
(2)作賓語(yǔ)
Have you got anything to say?
你還有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?
(3)不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)放在其后
I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
我有一些有趣的事要告訴你。
3. few、a few、little、a little
a few、few 修飾可數(shù)名詞,a little、little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few、little表示否定,意思是“幾乎沒(méi)有”,a few、a little 表示肯定,意思是“還有幾個(gè);有一點(diǎn)”。
There is still a little time left, you needn’t hurry.
還有些時(shí)間,你不必著急。
I can’t buy anything, because I have little money on me.
我什么也不能買(mǎi),因?yàn)槲覜](méi)帶多少錢(qián)。
4. both、all、neither、none
both 表示“兩者都”,all“三者以上都”,neither 表示“兩者都不”,none 表示“三者以上都不”,either 表示“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”,both...and 表示“兩者都”, neither...nor 表示“兩者都不;既不……也不……”,either...or 表示“兩者中的一個(gè)”。
(1)作主語(yǔ)
Both of the twins are doctors.
這對(duì)雙胞胎都是醫(yī)生。
All of them are honest.
他們都很誠(chéng)實(shí)。
Neither of them is a doctor.
他們兩個(gè)都不是醫(yī)生。
None of them is/are honest.
他們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
(2)作形容詞
There are many trees on both sides of the river.
河的兩岸有許多樹(shù)。
There are many trees on either side of the river.
河的兩邊有許多樹(shù)。
(3)詞組
Both Li Ping and I are students.
我和李萍都是學(xué)生。
Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.
李萍和我都不是學(xué)生。
練習(xí)
1. John sits among .
A. you, me and Mary B. Mary, you and I
C. you, Mary and me D. you, Mary and I
2. performed the play very well.
A. The both children B. They both
C. Both two boys D. Both they
3. Don’t worry. There is with you.
A. anything wrong B. something wrong
C. nothing wrong D. wrong something
4. Miss Brown will teach English next term.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
5. Happy New Year, George! Here is a card for ________, with ________
best wishes.
A. you; our B. us; your C. you; your D. us; our
6. There are many high rises on side of Huaihai Road. What a
magnificent view!
A. either B. neither C. none D. all
7. The boy received ________ education that he ________ hardly write his
own name.
A. a little; could B. so little; could
C. so few; couldn’t D. such few; couldn’t
8. What’s in your hand?
A. the other B. other C. another D. one
9. The small village is too far away. ________ people have been there.
A. A few B. A little C. Few D. Little
10. We found ________ important to relax ourselves.
A. that B. its C. it D. this
參考答案:
1~5 CBCAA 6~10 ABBCC