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優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理在小兒濕疹護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果

2023-08-21 09:22王麗娟
醫(yī)學(xué)美學(xué)美容 2023年14期
關(guān)鍵詞:優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理

王麗娟

【摘 要】目的 探討優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理在小兒濕疹護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選擇我院2021年4月-2023年4月收治的38例濕疹患兒為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組19例。對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)護(hù)理,觀察組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上給予優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理,比較兩組治療效果、癥狀緩解時(shí)間、濕疹嚴(yán)重程度及護(hù)理滿意度。結(jié)果 觀察組治療總有效率為94.74%,高于對(duì)照組為68.42%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組皮膚瘙癢消失時(shí)間、濕疹結(jié)痂時(shí)間、濕疹消失時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組干預(yù)后表皮剝脫、紅斑、苔蘚化、硬腫/丘疹評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組護(hù)理滿意度為94.74%,高于對(duì)照組的63.16%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 在小兒濕疹護(hù)理中應(yīng)用優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理可縮短癥狀緩解時(shí)間,改善濕疹嚴(yán)重程度,提高護(hù)理滿意度,促進(jìn)患兒快速康復(fù),值得臨床應(yīng)用。

【關(guān)鍵詞】小兒濕疹;優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理;濕疹程度;癥狀緩解時(shí)間

中圖分類號(hào):R473 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1004-4949(2023)14-0132-04

Application Effect of High Quality Nursing in Pediatric Eczema Nursing

WANG Li-juan

(Pediatrics Department of the First Peoples Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan 628000, Sichuan, China)

【Abstract】Objective To explore the application effect of high quality nursing in the nursing of children with eczema. Methods A total of 38 children with eczema admitted to our hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 19 children in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, and the observation group was given high quality nursing on the basis of the control group. The treatment effect, symptom relief time, eczema severity and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.74%, which was higher than 68.42% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The disappearance time of skin itching, eczema crusting time and eczema disappearance time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of epidermal exfoliation, erythema, lichenification, scleredema/papule in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 94.74%, which was higher than 63.16% of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The application of high quality nursing in the nursing of eczema in children can shorten the time of symptom relief, improve the severity of eczema, improve the satisfaction of nursing, and promote the rapid recovery of children, which is worthy of clinical application.

【Key words】Children with eczema; High quality nursing; The degree of eczema; Symptom relief time

濕疹(eczema)是兒科常見(jiàn)疾病,特別新生兒或嬰幼兒中,濕疹發(fā)生率極高。分析原因可能在于新生兒剛出生時(shí),身體還未發(fā)育完全,在新環(huán)境下需要一定時(shí)間的適應(yīng),當(dāng)其出生后對(duì)其洗澡,身體保護(hù)膜消失,此時(shí)嬰幼兒需自主呼吸,且利用自身免疫力與抵抗力去生存,但其抵抗力與免疫力較差,導(dǎo)致外部細(xì)菌更易侵襲,從而出現(xiàn)過(guò)敏反應(yīng)[1]。濕疹實(shí)際上就是一種新生兒過(guò)敏反應(yīng),且在新生兒疾病中占比高居前幾位。小兒濕疹會(huì)有皮膚瘙癢、皮疹、表皮剝脫、紅斑、苔蘚化、硬腫等癥狀。從既往報(bào)道看出[2,3],小兒濕疹會(huì)影響其正常的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量下降,一旦病情惡化,還會(huì)誘發(fā)諸多并發(fā)癥,威脅其生命安全。針對(duì)小兒濕疹需及時(shí)診斷與治療,但小兒配合度較差,對(duì)疾病知識(shí)不了解,加上癥狀導(dǎo)致其身心難受,都不利于治療的順利開(kāi)展[4]。因此,針對(duì)小兒濕疹還需做好護(hù)理干預(yù),常規(guī)護(hù)理主要是根據(jù)醫(yī)囑開(kāi)展各項(xiàng)護(hù)理服務(wù),缺乏針對(duì)性與個(gè)體化,而且忽略患者的身心健康。優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理是近幾年廣泛開(kāi)展起來(lái)的新型護(hù)理模式,在臨床多種疾病中證實(shí)其價(jià)值確切。與常規(guī)護(hù)理相比,優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化了常規(guī)護(hù)理各項(xiàng)措施,同時(shí)重視患者的生理與心理健康,能進(jìn)一步提升護(hù)理質(zhì)量。本研究結(jié)合我院2021年4月-2023年4月收治的38例濕疹患兒臨床資料,旨在探討優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理在小兒濕疹護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選擇廣元市第一人民醫(yī)院2021年4月-2023年4月收治的38例濕疹患兒為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組19例。對(duì)照組男10例,女9例;年齡5個(gè)月~6歲,平均年齡(2.95±0.64)歲;病程1~10 d,平均病程(4.52±1.31)d。觀察組男8例,女11例;年齡4個(gè)月~6歲,平均年齡(2.87±0.69)歲;病程1~10 d,平均病程(4.74±1.23)d。兩組性別、年齡及病程比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),研究可比。

1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①臨床資料完整;②確診滿足濕疹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5];③年齡≤6歲;④患兒家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①先天性疾??;②患兒嚴(yán)重?zé)┰瓴话不螂y以配合完成治療等;③中途退出研究者。

1.3 方法

1.3.1對(duì)照組 予以常規(guī)護(hù)理:囑家屬做好照顧與監(jiān)護(hù),避免患兒觸摸藥物后帶入口內(nèi),誘發(fā)不良事件;遵醫(yī)囑涂抹藥物治療,注意藥物涂抹面積,并對(duì)涂抹后患兒的皮膚情況進(jìn)行觀察,告知家屬用藥期間注意事項(xiàng),并做好日常的飲食指導(dǎo)。

1.3.2觀察組 予以優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù):①環(huán)境干預(yù):營(yíng)造溫馨、安靜及舒適的住院環(huán)境,維持病房?jī)?nèi)空氣的清新,定期開(kāi)窗通風(fēng);室內(nèi)定期清潔,維持病房干凈與整潔及地面的干燥;減少探訪時(shí)間,限制探訪人次,避免交叉感染,加重患兒病情;室內(nèi)溫度與濕度需適宜,溫度24 ℃~26 ℃為宜,濕度55%左右為宜;②心理干預(yù):患兒年齡較小,但患處會(huì)有瘙癢,導(dǎo)致其無(wú)法表達(dá)自己的感受,容易出現(xiàn)煩躁、不配合及哭鬧等表現(xiàn),為此護(hù)理人員溝通時(shí)注意語(yǔ)氣溫柔,態(tài)度和藹,耐心交流與照護(hù)患兒,讓患兒產(chǎn)生信任,有利于配合度的提升;利用擁抱與拍背等方式對(duì)患兒進(jìn)行安撫,讓其感覺(jué)到安全;同時(shí),對(duì)家屬進(jìn)行健康教育,提高家屬認(rèn)知程度,促使其協(xié)助患兒做好配合;并對(duì)家屬的心理情緒進(jìn)行疏導(dǎo),提高家屬的信心;③基礎(chǔ)護(hù)理:住院期間,特別是入院后,對(duì)患兒患處用溫水沖洗,并嚴(yán)格區(qū)分其應(yīng)用的毛巾;注意患兒的衛(wèi)生管理,勤換衣,維持床上用品的干凈,預(yù)防交叉感染;做好患兒的飲食干預(yù),食物盡量清淡且易于消化,避免辛辣、刺激性食物;④用藥干預(yù):患兒患處清洗且擦干皮膚后,予以藥物涂擦,涂擦注意力道,避免傷害患處,刺激患兒,導(dǎo)致其瘙癢加重;皮疹嚴(yán)重部位,容易抓撓,涂抹時(shí)要注意觀察患兒有無(wú)不適;指導(dǎo)家屬用適當(dāng)方式轉(zhuǎn)移患兒注意力,比如播放動(dòng)畫(huà)等。

1.4 觀察指標(biāo)

1.4.1治療效果 臨床癥狀完全消失,膚色恢復(fù)正常為治愈;臨床癥狀明顯緩解,皮疹面積降幅>60%,偶有瘙癢為顯效;臨床癥狀有所減輕,皮疹面積降幅20~60%為有效;未滿足前述要求為無(wú)效[6]。總有效率=(治愈+顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.4.2癥狀緩解時(shí)間 包括皮膚瘙癢消失時(shí)間、濕疹結(jié)痂時(shí)間及濕疹消失時(shí)間。

1.4.3濕疹程度 采取濕疹面積及嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù)評(píng)分(EASI)[7]評(píng)定,評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目包括表皮剝脫、紅斑、苔蘚化、硬腫/丘疹、皮疹,按照0~3分法評(píng)估,其中無(wú)癥狀為0分,輕度為1分,中度為2分,重度為3分,即評(píng)分越高則濕疹程度越嚴(yán)重。

1.4.4護(hù)理滿意度 于干預(yù)結(jié)束后對(duì)患兒家屬開(kāi)展?jié)M意度問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,問(wèn)卷分值為0~100分,<60分為不滿意,60~89分為基本滿意,>90分為非常滿意。滿意度=(基本滿意+非常滿意)/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料以(x-±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn);P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組治療效果比較 觀察組治療總有效率高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組癥狀緩解時(shí)間比較 觀察組皮膚瘙癢消失時(shí)間、濕疹結(jié)痂時(shí)間、濕疹消失時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

2.3 兩組濕疹程度比較 觀察組干預(yù)后EASI各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

2.4 兩組護(hù)理滿意度比較 觀察組護(hù)理滿意度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。

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