Making“OrphanedConcepts”aFamily:ConstructingaProblem-basedKnowledgeSystem——AConceptualizationofGrassrootsGovernanceResearchinChina

XU Yong LI Min-Hao4

〔Abstract〕The importance of constructing an independent knowledge system in China has been much discussed in academic circles, but less on how to proceed. Since the reform and opening up of China, some scholars have developed original concepts based on their experience in China, but on the whole, the present concepts are more based on certain experiences. The “orphaned concepts” that are individual, fragmented, isolated, and unconnected need to be linked together through certain ties to form a system of knowledge or a family of concepts with certain connections. The basic problems of the discipline and the classical issues arising from its research are the ties that link these concepts together to form a system of knowledge. Since the reform and opening up of China, a great deal of research has been carried out on the basic issues of grassroots governance, and many original concepts have been established, making grassroots governance one of the most active fields of study. In order to link these “orphaned concepts” into a family of systematic concepts, it is necessary to place the concepts within the framework of the basic issues embedded in the research object, to link them with the classical issues that arise from the basic issues, so as to promote the systematic construction of the concepts of grassroots governance research in China by using the basic issues and the classical issues as a link.

〔Keywords〕philosophy and social science with Chinese characteristics; knowledge system; orphaned concepts; issues; grassroots governance

TheLogicalAnalysis,SignificanceandPracticalPathof“ThePartyistheKeytoBuildingaComprehensiveSocialistModernState”：In-depthStudyoftheSpiritofthe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina

HONG Xiang-Hua YU Huan11

〔Abstract〕Our Party has a pivotal role in building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has led the people in successfully exploring and forming an independent Chinese path to modernization that is adapted for China’s national conditions, features Chinese characteristics, and highlights its global significance. From the perspective of the appearance logic, presence logic and future logic, the Chinese path to modernization under the leadership of the Party surpasses the western modernization construction model and civilization form, contains the unique Chinese gene and Chinese power, and provides a new path to realize modernization. As China’s socialist modernization drive develops in depth, its inclusiveness and openness contributed Chinese wisdom, Chinese practice and Chinese form to the modernization drive. Entering a new stage of development, in order to create a new miracle of Chinese modernization, we must improve the Party’s overall leadership layout in harmony with modernization, bring into play the role of the Party’s organizational system in harmony with modernization, strengthen the Party’s governance capacity in harmony with modernization, and achieve the Party’s goal of people’s approval in harmony with modernization.

〔Keywords〕Communist Party of China; Chinese Modernization; The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China; Overall Leadership of the Party

TheCulturalFoundationandPracticalOrientationoftheHistoricalInitiativeofChineseModernization

BAI Mao-Feng FU Hui-Fang20

〔Abstract〕As an ideological form cast in history, practice and nation, culture is an important basis for promoting the historical initiative of Chinese modernization. The ideological crystallization precipitated by the excellent traditional Chinese culture is the source of historical initiative, which is embodied in the spirit of initiative innovation, the concept of consciously serving the people for the people are the country, and the independent patriotic feeling of the unity of family and country. From the perspective of revolutionary culture, the historical initiative originates from the inspiration of the revolutionary spirit of Chinese Communists, the edification of revolutionary morality, and the conclusion of revolutionary experience. From the perspective of advanced culture of socialism, the guidance of the scientific theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of our times, the driving force of the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the grand ideal of communism, and the inspiration of the national spirit and the spirit of the times constitute the profound support of the historical initiative. Under the new era conditions, the author thinks that we should strengthen historical and cultural confidence in deepening the study of the history of Chinese civilization, promote the adaption of Marxism to the chinese context and the needs of our times in deepening the practice of “two combinations” and enhance the appeal of chinese culture in multi-level and three-dimensional communication, so as to effectively consolidate the cultural foundation of historical initiative in Chinese modernization.

〔Keywords〕the 20th national Congress of the CPC；a new journey；a Chinese path to modernization；historical Initiative；Chinese culture

TheHistoricalEvolution,PracticalInnovationsandExperientialInsightsofCPC’sCapacityBuildingonLong-termGovernance

LIU Xian-Chun LIN Song-Tao29

〔Abstract〕As the largest Marxist party in the world, the Communist Party of China has gone through a hundred years of glorious history and created more than 70 years of brilliant achievements in power. In the new era, the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has keepen in mind both domestic and international imperatives, deepened?the understanding and grasp of the laws underlying governance by a communist party through theoretical and practical innovation, and put forward the strategic goal of “Marxist party exercising long-term governance we should develop”, in order to strengthen the political direction of the Party’s long-term governance, consolidate the ideological basis of the Party’s long-term governance, and consolidate the organizational basis of the Party’s long-term governance In the rich practice of improving the system of the Party’s long-term governance, we explored and answered the major questions of our times of “what kind of Marxist party exercising long-term governance we should develop, as well as how we should go about achieving these tasks”, and accumulated valuable experience in strengthening the Party’s long-term governance capacity. To strengthen the Party’s long-term governance capacity, we must fully draw on the past successful experience，take into account the real changes in the governance environment, work tirelessly under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, focus on the central task of the CPC, reinforce the Party’s political foundations firstly, and adhere to multiple measures.

〔Keywords〕New Era;CPC; Long term governance capacity building; Governing law

TheCommunistPartyofChina’sConceptofCommonWealthDrawsfromTraditionalThoughtsanditsDevelopment

WEN Feng’an LUO Ya-Jie38

〔Abstract〕The thought of common prosperity of a cultural country with a history of five thousand years runs through the development of our country, and the thought of great harmony and equality and the traditional concept of justice and benefit run through the development of our society for thousands of years. It has become the cultural enlightenment and cultural support proposed by the concept of common prosperity of our country, and is a vivid manifestation of the Communist Party of China’s mission of seeking development for the Chinese people. The great construction and achievements made by the Communist Party of China over the past hundred years are the best inheritance of the outstanding traditional cultural genes such as Great Harmony, Equality, Justice and Benefit in China’s traditional culture. In the future, common prosperity is not only the goal of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, but also the ideal vision of all mankind for a better life.

〔Keywords〕Common wealth; the Communist Party of China Chinese excellent traditional culture; gene of culture

Lenin’sPracticeandThoughtontheRussianCommunistParty(Bolshevik)’sCourageousSelf-revolution

WANG Yi-Juan YU Liang-Zao48

〔Abstract〕After the victory of the October Revolution, Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) made efforts to carry out the practice of self-revolution within the party. The contents mainly include: admitting that the party had committed the mistake of “revolutionary empty talk” on the issue of whether to sign the Peace of Brest; admitting that the debate on the role of trade unions within the Party is a “l(fā)uxurious act” that delays the development of the party’s career, and a harmful act that generates factional activities within the party and destroys the unity of the Party organization; admitting that the Party was guilty of adopting “wartime communism” measures during the civil war; admitting that the Communists were seriously not good at leading the economy during the New Economic Policy period. He led the Party in a serious struggle against these mistakes and demanded that the Party quickly overcome its existing problems. The above practices of Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) reflect the spirit of self-revolution of the ruling Communist Party. At the same time Lenin expounded important thoughts on the significance of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) to admit its own mistakes and to have the courage to self-revolution. Lenin’s practice and thought of self-revolution of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) have important enlightenment significance to strengthen the construction of the Communist Party of China in the new era.

〔Keywords〕Self-revolution；Lenin；Socialism；Party building

WhoseRepresentativesandWhoTheySpeakfor:AStudyoftheRepresentativenessofDeputiestotheNationalPeople’sCongress

YU Chong-Sheng58

〔Abstract〕The representativeness of deputies to the People’s Congress is the essential attribute of them. Whose deputies to the People’s Congress are, in performing their duties and whose interests they represent, or for whom they speak, is the core issue of the representativeness of NPC deputies. To understand and grasp the representativeness of People’s Congress, this study is mainly carried out from legal provisions and actual performance of duties. According to relevant laws and regulations, deputies to people’s congresses are both deputies to all the people, deputies to electoral districts or electoral units, and members of organs of state power. Judging from their actual performance of their duties, People’s Congress deputies should speak up for both the interests of the people and the interests of the voters and, more importantly, for the public interest. To give full play to the representative role of deputies to people’s congresses, we need to raise their awareness of their roles, improve their ability to perform their duties, strengthen voter oversight of their deputies, and improve their code of conduct.

〔Keywords〕People’s Congress system; deputies to the People’s Congress; representativeness

TechnologicalInnovationEmpowerstheModernizationofChina’sEcologicalGovernance:Origin,ConditionandPath

YANG Yin-Yin JIA Shu-Pin67

〔Abstract〕The harmonious coexistence of man and nature is an inherent requirement for the modernization of ecological governance, and is also one of the essential characteristics of Chinese modernization path. Looking back at the history of human civilization, science and technology, while promoting the rapid development of capitalist industry, have also caused serious ecological problems. As global environmental problems become increasingly serious, people gradually confirm that science and technology innovation is an important means to solve the “ecological scourge”. In promoting “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” to achieve high-quality development, we should continue to explore the practical path of science and technology innovation to empower the modernization of ecological governance in China: Firstly, we should continue to increase the use of scientific and technological innovation in the field of ecological governance, strengthen the technical research in key areas and key links, and increase the strength of scientific and technological innovation to empower the modernization of ecological governance. Secondly, we should aim at the international cutting-edge technology to build the scientific and technological innovation pattern of ecological governance modernization, and explore the depth of scientific and technological innovation to empower ecological governance modernization. Thirdly, we should encourage the government, enterprises, social organizations and the public and other multiple subjects to participate in ecological governance in a coordinated manner, build joint governance forces, and broaden the breadth of ecological governance modernization enabled by scientific and technological innovation.

〔Keywords〕ecological governance; modernization; technology empowerment; “carbon peaking”; “carbon neutrality”

FromProjectIntegrationtoSharedOrderConstruction:TheOperationMechanismoftheNewEraCivilizationPracticeCenter

MA Chao-Feng XUE Mei-Qin76

〔Abstract〕The practice of civilization is the spiritual bond between the country and the society, and also the key to rebuild the national spirit. Compared with other rural policies, civilized practice should not only realize the effective delivery of policies, but also construct the sharing order of rural culture. Through the observation and process tracking of the case in M county of Yangtze River Delta. The research finds that the project system is the institutional basis of civilized practice, but in the construction of rural cultural sharing order, the project system has a new feature. In particular, it emphasizes demonstration effect in project selection, solidarity mechanism in project operation and reproduction mechanism of culture in project assessment. Understanding the civilized practice operation under the shared order can expand the dimension of the project system theory and enrich the content of rural cultural construction theory.

〔Keywords〕civilized practice; rural culture; shared order; the project system

IntegratedOrganization:ProductionLogicandAdaptionMechanismoftheNewStructureofChina’sGrass-rootsGovernance

LAI Xian-Jin84

〔Abstract〕The optimization of modern grass -roots government governance structure requires logical conversion to better meet the people-centered integrated service needs and governance needs from the grassroots. The integration logic of the departmental lines is becoming a new trend of innovation in China’s grass -roots government governance structure. Relatively centralized administrative approval reform (establishment of administrative examination and approval bureaus) allows departmentalization approval system to be relatively more centralized. The reform of comprehensive administrative law enforcement system allows departmentalization of administrative law enforcement to relatively more centralized. Grass -roots government governance is transforming from strip line structure to integrated structure, and integrated organization and integrated government born from this. Compared with functional organizations, integrated organizations have the basic characteristics of process simplification, functional integration, overspecialization of human resources configuration, and governance digitization. This article uses “L” County-level city as the case to analyze the reform performance, problems and challenges of the integrated government governance structure, so as to establish a improvement mechanism to better achieve the efficient collaboration of the governance structure of the grass -roots government to promote modernization of grass -roots governance capabilities.

〔Keywords〕the Administrative Examination and Approval Bureau ; Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement; Modernization of the Grass -roots Governance

WhytheGrass-rootsSelf-managementSystemofUrbanResidentsCanSelf-perfectionandSelf-development:ReviewandInspectionBasedonDynamicmechanismandChangeLogic

CHEN Ke-Lin ZENG Lin-Miao93

〔Abstract〕Urban residents’ autonomy is an important topic of domestic grass-roots governance research. However, from the perspective of the autonomy system, it is still rare to see how the urban residents’ autonomy system can self-perfection and self-development. On the typological analysis of the practice mode of urban residents’ autonomy, the relevant research has formed the classification modes of “two classifications”, “three classifications” and “four classifications”. With regard to the dynamic mechanism for the self-perfection and self-development of the urban residents’ autonomy system, relevant studies have formed representative views such as path dependence theory based on historical institutionalism, interest interaction theory based on rational choice analysis, social capital theory based on sociological and cultural analysis, institutional advantage theory based on Marxist politics, and power space theory based on post-modernism. With regard to the change logic of self-perfection and self-development of the urban residents’ autonomy system, relevant studies have shown the basic trend of changing from “autonomy system” to “governance system”, from “authoritative organization” to “multiple organizations”, from “administrative leadership” to “party building guidance”, and from “elite participation” to “democratic participation”. At present, in the research of urban residents’ autonomy system, there are still some problems, such as the dualistic opposition tendency of the analytical framework, the lack of an overall perspective, the lack of localization of the theoretical perspective, the difficulty in dialogue between experience and theory, the lack of richness of research methods, and the limited representativeness of research conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically build a comprehensive plan to promote the self-perfection and self-development of urban residents’ autonomy system in the new era from the three levels of subject, structure and path.

〔Keywords〕urban grassroots governance; residents’ self-governance system; the driving force of institutional development; self-perfection and self-development

EmbeddingandPathofPerformanceManagementinDigitalGovernmentConstruction

ZHENG Wen-Xue JIA Yu-Yun WU Jun-Qian104

〔Abstract〕Promoting the Modernization of State Governance System and Governance Capacity is of great significance for insisting and perfecting the socialist system with Chinese characteristics，but it also puts forward new requirements for improving the efficiency of government governance. E-government and digital government are important components of the national governance system and have made great contributions to promoting economic and social development. However, in the context of the modernization of national governance systems and governance capabilities, ‘digital government’ has richer connotations than ‘e-government’. The existing construction of digital government cannot totally respond to the essential requirements of ‘digital government’. Therefore, it is necessary to embed performance management tools to further promote the construction of digital government. On the basis of investigating the current situation of digital government construction, this paper believes that the institutional incentive of digital government construction can be improved by introducing government performance management, and puts forward a basic framework of performance management of digital government.

〔Keywords〕digital government ; government performance management ; governance efficiency ; technology empowerment ; embedding

CentralizedandUnifiedManagement:TheReformDirectionofGovernmentOperationGuaranteeSystemfromThePerspectiveofModernization

ZHANG Gang-Sheng115

〔Abstract〕In recent years, the government operation guarantee system, which mainly focuses on office affairs, has been reformed in the direction of centralized and unified management. The reason for centralized and unified management is not only a requirement of the central government’s major policies, but also a scientific judgment based on modernization theory. What modernization needs is a bureaucratic government with a unified decree composed of specialized functional agencies. Therefore, the government operation guarantee must change the fragmented mode of self-responsibility of each agency, and then concentrate its powers in the office affairs management department to form an integrated system with equal standards. Centralized and unified management can help increase efficiency, improve quality, and reduce costs, as well as eliminate welfare inequality within the government and curb corruption. However, centralized and unified management also has boundaries—it is limited to internal administrative affairs or back-office administrative affairs and is applicable to general affairs rather than special affairs. In addition, the principle of unity of power and responsibility must be adhered to. If there is a problem, the office affairs management department should bear the corresponding responsibility. The modernization process leading to the centralized and unified management of government operation guarantees is not a smooth road, it requires the party’s overall control and attention, as well as the scientific, rational and orderly promotion of reforms, with high-quality and efficient economy as the evaluation standard.

〔Keywords〕Government operation guarantee; Modernization；Centralized and unified management；Government office affairs；The Leadership of CPC.