Overseas

08 Refuse to Become a US Vassal? — The Difficult Road to European Strategic Autonomy Sun Tianyue Wei Nanzhi

12 Europe’s “Rearmament” May be in a Quandary Wang Siyu Shen Yihao

The Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022 will seriously impact the original geopolitical structure of Europe. European countries have expanded their defense expenditures one after another,and have listed military strength building as a priority in their national strategies. Europe's military transformation has put it in the severe predicament of insufficient defense capacity and a decline in military cooperation. Europe's power center will further shift eastward and become more dependent on the United States.

16Cover Story: 21st Century Socialism

18 The Crisis of “Human” in the Age of Digital Intelligence: What Can Socialism Do? Gao Shiming

26 New Era, New Self-Consciousness — How to Rethink Socialism in the Present Zhang Hui

35 The Law of “Labour-Surplus” and the Issue of Leadership in the Era of Global Capitalism Lin Yanzhi

45 What is China’s Socialism? Yao Yang Qin Zizhong

The primary stage of socialism is ending in China. The time is ripe for China to establish a long-lasting form of socialism that accommodates its successful experience of the reform era and combines Marxism with China’s virtuous traditional values.Its goal is to promote the free and all-around development of human beings; its political system is built on political meritocracy; its economy is comprised of both private and public enterprises and operates according to the market principle; and its redistribution aims at improving citizens’ income capability and all-around development.

Academic Review

60 The Backbone of the Chinese: The Significance of Du Fu to Lv Zhenghui Zhao Gang

Tendency

70 The Large Language Model: Artificial Intelligence Thought and Its Social Experiments Chen Xiaoping

Large language models automatically generate natural languageexpressions using language traces extracted from the humanscale corpus. A large language model is instance-based, changing the tradition of generalization-based modeling in science and technology. The large language model has no life and works according to principles different from that of humans. The anthropomorphic imagination of AI is a fiction originating from the dualism of mind and matter. The approach of large language models follows the idea of integrated intelligence, which does not attempt to turn humans into low-level AI. However, challenges of ethics and governance from large-scale applications need to be addressed seriously.

Focus

78 Promoting China-U.S. Relations Back to a Stable and Positive Track Zheng Wujing

The Global South

88 Planting a Seed of the Great System Tree Cao Fengze 95 Strongman Politics with a Ceiling: Indian Political Parties in the State-society Structure Zhang Minyu

The blending of both Western and indigenous communal political idioms leads to difficulty in empathizing with modern Indian politics for the Chinese observers. This paper argues that the antagonistic yet symbiotic relationship between state and society, instead of prominent individuals, political parties, or particular social movements shaped an evolutionary approach and the “power ceiling” of party politics in India. In the past two centuries, the state-society structure in India succeeded in preventing both the radical reorganization of society and the overall reconstruction of the colonial state apparatus. Both the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party successfully adapted themselves to this structure in colonial and post-colonial India respectively, thus, realizing the gradual and peaceful evolution of the state. As the internalization of turbulent social forces via party politics evolved and strengthened the state, the path dependence also created a ceiling of the political power of the government, which is still restricting the scope of an overall reform in the near future.

104 After Neoliberalism: Where is Mexico headed?Zhang Qingren

After the 1980s, in response to the economic crisis, the Mexican government started neoliberal reforms and completed the transition to political democratization in the process. The economic and political reforms did not bring about the leapforward development advocated by technocrats but made Mexican society in trouble. Technocrats attribute the failure of neoliberal reform to the tradition of Mexican political culture,which has the meaning of "victim-blaming". With American commercial capital completely infiltrating Mexico's energy, food,medical, and financial sectors, Mexican nationalists realized that the violation of the public interest and the destruction of Mexican society by market fundamentalism were the root causes of the neoliberal crisis, but they did not dare to defend Mexico's political and economic sovereignty directly and clearly.The popular political movement represented by the Zapatista movement which showing distinctly revolutionary has also fallen into the utopian dilemma of idealism.

The Wealth of Nations

114 Metropolitan Areas in China: Evolution and Governance Zhou Weilin

Taking the road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics is necessary due to the basic national conditions of China. This paper discusses the patterns and characteristics of China's metropolitan areas. Despite the division of administrative power,metropolitan areas are vital to the development of a unified market. Furthermore, the development of market forces has led to greater demands on government governance in metropolitan areas.

County Research

124“Down to the Countryside” and “Back to the City” — The Duet of Grassroots Cadres’ Career Qiang Ge

Observation·Culture

136 Chinese Cinema: Out of Defeatism Liu Fusheng

Historical View

144 Rambling about the “Two Movements” in the 1980s — Socialist Reform and “New Enlightenment” in the “Post-Cultural Revolution” Period (Part 1)Li Tuo