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丹參注射液對(duì)高齡髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者足甲襞微循環(huán)及血液黏度的影響

2022-06-25 19:12張成

【摘要】 目的:探究丹參注射液對(duì)高齡髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者足甲襞微循環(huán)及血液黏度的影響。方法:選取2019年3月-2021年3月在佳木斯骨科醫(yī)院進(jìn)行髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的患者共80例,采取隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為研究組(n=40)及對(duì)照組(n=40)。兩組均行髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù),對(duì)照組圍術(shù)期進(jìn)行常規(guī)用藥,研究組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加用丹參注射液。對(duì)比兩組足甲襞微循環(huán)指標(biāo)、凝血指標(biāo)、血液黏度指標(biāo)及術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況。結(jié)果:術(shù)后1、3 d,兩組襻周積分、管襻形態(tài)積分及總積分均低于術(shù)前,且研究組均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1 d,兩組凝血指標(biāo)與術(shù)前比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后3 d,兩組凝血指標(biāo)與術(shù)后1 d比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后2周,兩組血漿黏度、全血高切黏度及全血低切黏度均低于術(shù)前,且研究組均高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。研究組關(guān)節(jié)疼痛緩解、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹消失及傷口愈合時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:給予接受髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的高齡患者丹參注射液治療效果顯著,可促進(jìn)足甲襞微循環(huán)、改善血液黏度,值得臨床推廣。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 丹參注射液 髖關(guān)節(jié)置換 足甲襞微循環(huán) 血液黏度

Effect of Danshen Injection on Foot Nail Fold Microcirculation and Blood Viscosity in Elderly Hip Replacement Patients/ZHANG Cheng. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(15): 0-033

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of Danshen Injection on the foot nail fold microcirculation and blood viscosity in elderly hip replacement patients. Method: A total of 80 patients who underwent hip replacement surgery in Jiamusi Orthopaedic Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected and divided into the study group (n=40) and the control group (n=40) by random number table method. Patients in two groups were given hip replacement, and the control group was given conventional medication during the perioperative period, while the study group was given Danshen Injection on the basis of the control group. The foot nail fold microcirculation index, coagulation index, blood viscosity index and postoperative recovery index of two groups were compared. Result: At 1 and 3 d after operation, the loop integral, loop shape integral and total integral of two groups were lower than those before operation, and the study group were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). At 1 d after operation, the coagulation indexes of two groups compared with those before operation, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). At 3 d after operation, the coagulation indexes of two groups compared with those 1 d after operation, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). At 2 weeks after operation, the plasma viscosity, whole blood high shear viscosity and whole blood low shear viscosity of two groups were lower than those before operation, and the study group were higher than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The times of relief of joint pain, disappearance of joint swelling and to wound healing in the study group were shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment effect of Danshen Injection given to elderly hip replacement patients is significant, which can promote foot nail fold microcirculation and improve blood viscosity, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.D29D2B94-AE6C-4A5D-B46D-560E633E5A64

[Key words] Danshen Injection Hip replacement Foot nail fold microcirculation Blood viscosity

First-authors address: Jiamusi Orthopedic Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi 154000, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.15.008

髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)又稱人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換,是目前針對(duì)患者病變的髖關(guān)節(jié)部位采取的一種治療方式。由于老年患者的各項(xiàng)身體機(jī)能下降,更易出現(xiàn)骨質(zhì)疏松、由于摔倒等意外傷害造成骨折等[1],是目前臨床髖關(guān)節(jié)置換的主要服務(wù)對(duì)象。髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)雖可幫助患者進(jìn)行矯骨畸形、緩解關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、改善和恢復(fù)關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)功能,但術(shù)后并發(fā)癥頻發(fā),亟須關(guān)注[2]。相關(guān)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果顯示,在髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)圍術(shù)期出現(xiàn)凝血、纖維異常從而造成深靜脈血栓的患者占總?cè)藬?shù)的30%以上[3]。為減少髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)患者術(shù)后關(guān)節(jié)腫脹及受限等情況,部分臨床醫(yī)師使用丹參注射液進(jìn)行輔助性治療,取得理想效果。丹參注射液作為一種中藥方劑,藥性溫和,且具有活血化瘀、通經(jīng)止痛的功能,臨床藥用價(jià)值較高[4]。但目前對(duì)于丹參注射液對(duì)髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者特別是高齡髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者的治療效果的文獻(xiàn)探討較少?;诖?,本研究探討丹參注射液對(duì)高齡髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者足甲襞微循環(huán)及血液黏度的影響,以探索高齡髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者的理想用藥?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料 選取2019年3月-2021年3月在佳木斯骨科醫(yī)院進(jìn)行髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的患者共80例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)要求;(2)年齡60歲以上。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并傳染性疾病;(2)合并重要臟器功能嚴(yán)重喪失;(3)合并嚴(yán)重精神障礙。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將患者分為研究組與對(duì)照組,每組40例。本研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者及家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。

1.2 方法 兩組入院后均進(jìn)行常規(guī)指標(biāo)檢查與護(hù)理干預(yù),然后進(jìn)行髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)?;颊呷?cè)臥位,進(jìn)行術(shù)前麻醉,行氣管插管。由大轉(zhuǎn)子近端向遠(yuǎn)端做手術(shù)切口,顯露出關(guān)節(jié)囊后,使用電刀將關(guān)節(jié)囊從股骨中剝離出來(lái),將壞死的股骨頸鋸斷,脫位后將其取出,然后對(duì)髖臼位置進(jìn)行清理[5-6]。選取合適的人工假體進(jìn)行替換,使用生理鹽水進(jìn)行沖洗,并進(jìn)行安裝、縫合及放置引流管。對(duì)照組圍術(shù)期進(jìn)行常規(guī)用藥。硫酸慶大霉素注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:河南潤(rùn)弘制藥股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H41020318,規(guī)格:2 mL︰80 mg)80 mg+0.9%氯化鈉注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:哈爾濱三聯(lián)藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20184091,規(guī)格:150 mL︰1.35 g)150 mL靜脈滴注,2次/d;同時(shí)口服利伐沙班片(生產(chǎn)廠家:拜爾醫(yī)藥保健有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字J20180075,規(guī)格:

10 mg×5片),10 mg/次,1次/d。研究組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上使用丹參注射液,5%葡萄糖注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:大理藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H53020341,規(guī)格:10 mL∶2 g)150 mL混合丹參注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:神威藥業(yè)有集團(tuán)限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字Z13020777,規(guī)格:10 mL/支)10 mL,靜脈滴注,1次/d,50 mL/次。兩組均連續(xù)治療2周。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1.3.1 足甲襞微循環(huán)指標(biāo) 術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、3 d統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組襻周、管襻形態(tài)及總積分情況。采用BD-WX100型人體甲襞微循環(huán)檢測(cè)儀進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。甲襞微循環(huán)計(jì)算過(guò)程中根據(jù)每項(xiàng)指標(biāo)所代表的病理生理意義及其受外界因素影響的大小,將指標(biāo)分為4類給出權(quán)值。(1)管襻數(shù)目、血流速度、白微栓、出血,權(quán)值定為4;(2)輸入枝直徑、輸出枝直徑、襻頂直徑、滲出,權(quán)值定為3;(3)輸入枝長(zhǎng)度、輸出枝長(zhǎng)度、紅細(xì)胞聚集、乳頭下靜脈叢,權(quán)值定為2;(4)微循環(huán)清晰度、血管運(yùn)動(dòng)性、白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血色、皮膚乳頭、汗腺導(dǎo)管,權(quán)值定為1。根據(jù)權(quán)重計(jì)算積分。

1.3.2 凝血指標(biāo) 于術(shù)前及術(shù)后1、3 d使用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)兩組凝血指標(biāo),包括凝血酶原時(shí)間(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶時(shí)間(APTT)及國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化比值(INR)。

1.3.3 血液黏度指標(biāo) 于術(shù)前、術(shù)后2周使用毛細(xì)管黏度計(jì)法測(cè)定兩組血漿黏度、全血高切黏度及全血低切黏度。

1.3.4 術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況指標(biāo) 記錄兩組術(shù)后關(guān)節(jié)疼痛緩解、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹消失及傷口愈合時(shí)間,以此來(lái)評(píng)定術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 23.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 一般資料 研究組,男26例,女14例;年齡64~78歲,平均(67.3±3.6)歲;平均病程(3.5±0.5)年;左側(cè)19例,右側(cè)21例;股骨頭壞死18例,股骨頸骨折19例,其他3例。對(duì)照組,男24例,女16例;年齡62~78歲,平均(68.4±2.7)歲;平均病程(3.7±0.8)年;左側(cè)18例,右側(cè)22例;股骨頭壞死19例,股骨頸骨折16例,其他5例。兩組一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

2.2 足甲襞微循環(huán)指標(biāo) 術(shù)前,兩組足甲襞微循環(huán)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后1、3 d,兩組襻周積分、管襻形態(tài)積分及總積分均低于術(shù)前,且研究組均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

2.3 凝血指標(biāo) 兩組手術(shù)前后凝血指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后1 d,兩組凝血指標(biāo)與術(shù)前比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后3 d,兩組凝血指標(biāo)與術(shù)后1 d比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。D29D2B94-AE6C-4A5D-B46D-560E633E5A64

2.4 血液黏度指標(biāo) 術(shù)前,兩組血液黏度指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后2周,兩組血漿黏度、全血高切黏度及全血低切黏度均低于術(shù)前,且研究組均高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

2.5 術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況 研究組關(guān)節(jié)疼痛緩解、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹消失及傷口愈合時(shí)間均短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。

3 討論

隨著我國(guó)人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,老年人口逐漸增多,相應(yīng)的老年關(guān)節(jié)疾病的發(fā)病率逐年上升,嚴(yán)重威脅患者的身體健康乃至生命安全[7-8]。骨折與股骨頭壞死作為兩大高發(fā)性疾病,因患者的骨質(zhì)流失及關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度降低而發(fā)生率較高[9-11]。人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換是一種使用生物相容性、機(jī)械性能良好的金屬材料制成的人體骨關(guān)節(jié)假體,通過(guò)手術(shù)方式將人工關(guān)節(jié)與損壞關(guān)節(jié)面相置換,從而起到切除病灶、清除疼痛、恢復(fù)關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)及原有功能的療法。髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)作為目前相關(guān)疾病的主要治療方式,雖效果明顯,但是手術(shù)給患者造成的創(chuàng)傷極大、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及術(shù)后感染等問(wèn)題高發(fā)[12-15]。且術(shù)后患者需要在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)臥床靜養(yǎng)、活動(dòng)量大大減弱,常會(huì)導(dǎo)致血流緩慢、血液凝固性增加、血液黏度增加,從而引發(fā)下肢靜脈血栓對(duì)患者造成二次傷害[16-18]。在中醫(yī)藥學(xué)中,丹參具有活血化瘀、消腫止痛的功效,而且藥性溫和,可疏通經(jīng)血,針對(duì)髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后需久臥、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不活動(dòng)所致的血流不暢等情況,丹參中的活性成分可擴(kuò)張血管、增加血流量,促進(jìn)受損組織的恢復(fù),改善身體的血液循環(huán),還可抑制炎癥,顯著改善患者的術(shù)后恢復(fù)效果[19]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)過(guò)丹參注射液治療的高齡髖關(guān)節(jié)置換患者甲襞微循環(huán)指標(biāo)、血液黏度指標(biāo)均顯著優(yōu)于未接受丹參注射液治療的患者,且關(guān)節(jié)疼痛緩解、關(guān)節(jié)腫脹消失及傷口愈合時(shí)間均更短(P<0.05),但凝血指標(biāo)均無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。證實(shí)丹參注射液有較好的效果,且不會(huì)對(duì)凝血產(chǎn)生影響,具有較高的安全性。

綜上所述,丹參注射液對(duì)進(jìn)行髖關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù)的高齡患者來(lái)說(shuō)具有較好的優(yōu)越性,能促進(jìn)足甲襞微循環(huán)、改善血液黏度,術(shù)后恢復(fù)效果更好,在臨床有推廣價(jià)值。

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(收稿日期:2022-04-14) (本文編輯:程旭然)

①黑龍江省佳木斯骨科醫(yī)院 黑龍江 佳木斯 154000

通信作者:張成D29D2B94-AE6C-4A5D-B46D-560E633E5A64

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