本刊訊9月24日，由中國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部主辦的促進可持續(xù)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的南南和三方合作高端圓桌會議在上海市召開，16個國家的部長級代表、駐華使節(jié)和聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織、國際農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展基金的代表出席并發(fā)言。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部副部長馬有祥發(fā)表致辭并作總結(jié)發(fā)言。

馬有祥表示，中國將繼續(xù)積極推動全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖領域合作，充分利用南南和三方合作機制，推廣生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖模式，加強人力資源培訓和國際合作，提升全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖人才培養(yǎng)能力。推動國際社會加強水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科技創(chuàng)新，開展遺傳育種、營養(yǎng)飼料、數(shù)字創(chuàng)新和人工智能等新技術(shù)新方法協(xié)同研究。推動后疫情時期區(qū)域和全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的轉(zhuǎn)型升級和國際合作，推進發(fā)展中國家基礎設施建設，推動災后、疫后水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟復蘇。

促進可持續(xù)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的南南和三方合作高端圓桌會議，是新世紀以來首次就水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展舉行的南南和三方合作高端圓桌會議。會議期間，中方發(fā)起《促進南南和三方水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展合作的倡議》（以下簡稱“倡議”），提出要發(fā)展伙伴關系，促進支持分享和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移，增強全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的韌性和潛力，推進全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖合作邁向更高水平。與會各方對《倡議》積極響應、廣泛支持，聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織對會議成功舉辦給予高度評價。

促進南南和三方水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展合作的倡議

中華人民共和國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部于2021年9月24日在中國上海舉行南南和三方合作高端圓桌會議，旨在通過各方交流合作促進水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展，響應聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織“手拉手”倡議，為聯(lián)合國2030可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標的如期實現(xiàn)做出貢獻。

憶及，1995年聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織通過《負責任漁業(yè)行為守則》、2015年9月25日聯(lián)合國通過《2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程》以及2021年聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織通過《2021年漁業(yè)委員會可持續(xù)漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖宣言》的重要作用，上述文書指導我們推動水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

認識到，作為重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)部門，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖不僅在各級糧食安全、營養(yǎng)戰(zhàn)略中扮演中堅角色，還在社會和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、性別平等、就業(yè)和可持續(xù)的生物多樣性利用中發(fā)揮著重要作用。2019年全球魚產(chǎn)品總產(chǎn)量1.78億噸，其中水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)量8530萬噸，其超過50%直接供人類消費。促進水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，有助于消除全球貧窮和饑餓、提供優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白和微量營養(yǎng)素、推動糧食體系轉(zhuǎn)型、鼓勵小規(guī)模水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展、助力實現(xiàn)碳中和與循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。

注意到，全球氣候變化、新型冠狀病毒（COVID-19）疫情成為全球社會共同面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，對于全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展造成了嚴重影響。當前，全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展還存在區(qū)域不平衡、食物供給不充分的問題。

認識到，南南和三方合作，是基于平等、團結(jié)、互信的有效援助機制，有助于推動互利共贏，對于促進水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖綠色健康發(fā)展，改善水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖基礎設施，提高從業(yè)者技術(shù)水平，增加科技對水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的貢獻，升級水產(chǎn)品加工流通體系，縮小不同國家水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖差距具有重要作用，必將對促進世界經(jīng)濟強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡、包容增長發(fā)揮重要影響。

為此，我們倡議：

一、支持綠色低碳、循環(huán)、環(huán)境友好的發(fā)展理念，統(tǒng)籌水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展過程中經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會、環(huán)境保護建設的關系，支持因地制宜、分類施策，探索以綠色發(fā)展為導向的高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。我們支持推動國際社會加強水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科技創(chuàng)新，降低水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖科技應用成本，強化水生生物多樣性保護，可持續(xù)利用優(yōu)良水產(chǎn)種質(zhì)資源。開展水生生物遺傳資源共享、互惠，包括遺傳育種、養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)、營養(yǎng)飼料、疾病防治、生物安全、數(shù)字創(chuàng)新和人工智能等新技術(shù)新方法研究和開發(fā)，為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供有力的科技支撐。

二、鼓勵水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)先進國家和利益相關者通過南南與三方合作，向廣大發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)提供技術(shù)支持。鼓勵各利益相關方充分利用聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織南南合作機制和“手拉手”倡議，共建聯(lián)盟以及人才培養(yǎng)和聯(lián)合研究平臺，構(gòu)建水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和資源共享平臺，推廣池塘生態(tài)養(yǎng)殖、稻漁綜合種養(yǎng)、循環(huán)水養(yǎng)殖、鹽堿水漁農(nóng)綜合利用、多營養(yǎng)層次綜合養(yǎng)殖等生態(tài)增養(yǎng)殖模式的創(chuàng)新解決方案，推進現(xiàn)代水產(chǎn)示范園區(qū)建設，促進水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展、養(yǎng)殖空間規(guī)劃、湖泊和水庫環(huán)境承載力管理、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖治理最佳實踐分享，努力實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的目標。

三、建議在南南和三方合作的基礎上，充分發(fā)揮每個援助國的比較優(yōu)勢，加強區(qū)域性水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖人才培養(yǎng)和能力建設的合作，推動利益相關方共享知識與經(jīng)驗。通過南南和三方合作，促進區(qū)域和次區(qū)域?qū)用娴穆?lián)合行動，確保多國開展水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)管理，共享水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖資源。共同推動后疫情時期區(qū)域和全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)、加工、貿(mào)易環(huán)節(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級和國際合作。努力構(gòu)建穩(wěn)健的全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，提升全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖人才培養(yǎng)能力，推進建立水產(chǎn)品檢驗檢疫標準和追溯制度國際互認。

四、呼吁國際社會積極行動起來，鼓勵和支持青年和婦女創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)，在通過水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖減緩貧窮與饑餓的同時，有效創(chuàng)造就業(yè)、實現(xiàn)性別平等，保障傳統(tǒng)漁民的生計；建立可持續(xù)投資和風險管理體系，制定公私合營伙伴計劃，增強全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展在面臨氣候變化、極端天氣和自然災害等影響時的抵御力，推動災后、疫后水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟復蘇。

我們倡議，團結(jié)合作、機遇共享、共同發(fā)展，推進水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖各領域務實合作，共同促進全球水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可持續(xù)發(fā)展，為保障全球糧食安全、增進人民福祉、推動構(gòu)建人類命運共同體作出更大貢獻。

INITIATIVE ON PROMOTING THE SOUTH-SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China held a high-level roundtable meeting on South-South and Triangular Cooperation in Shanghai, China on September 24, 2021, to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture, among others through exchanges and mutual cooperation, and 'Hand-in-Hand' Initiative of FAO, and as a contribution to achieving the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Recall the importance of The Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries adopted by FAO in 1995, The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development issued by the United Nations on September 25, 2015, and The 2021 COFI Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture endorsed by FAO in 2021, to guide our efforts towards sustainable aquaculture development.

Recognize that aquaculture is a key industry not only for its contribution to food security and nutrition strategies at all levels, but also its contributions to social progress, economic development, gender equality, employment, and sustainable biodiversity use. In 2019, the total global output of fish products reached 178 million tons, of which aquaculture contributed 85.3 million tons, and over 50% of all fish directed for human consumption. Promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture helps eliminate global poverty and hunger, provides high-quality protein and micronutrients, facilitates the transformation of food systems, encourages the development of small-scale households, and has great potential to contribute to carbon neutrality and circular economy objectives.

Notice that global climate change and the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have become common challenges faced by the international community, imposing a serious impact on the sustainable development of the global aquaculture industry. Meanwhile, the current development of aquaculture worldwide is still geographically unbalanced and is insufficient to meet food demands.

Recognize that South-South and Triangular Cooperation is an effective assistance mechanism based on equality, solidarity and mutual trust. It delivers mutual benefits, which can be significant for promoting and scaling up the healthy development of aquaculture. Such mechanism could improve infrastructure, upskill technical workforces, increase the development of technological solutions, and help upgrade processing and distribution systems, while narrowing the production gap between countries. This would exert a significant impact in promoting a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy.

Consequently, we propose:

1. Support the development of low-carbon, circular and environment-friendly aquaculture. We need to balance the relationship between economic development and social and environmental protection in the development of aquaculture, taking measures tailored to local conditions, and explore high-quality development guided by low developmental footprints. We support the international community to further strengthen scientific and technological innovation in aquaculture, the development of aquaculture technology by low cost, and improve the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic biodiversity. This requires mutual access and benefit sharing of aquatic genetic resources, including research and development (R&D) on new technologies and methods such as genetic breeding, aquaculture technology, aquaculture feed production, feed ingredients, disease prevention, treatment and biosecurity control, digital innovation, and artificial intelligence, so as to provide a strong scientific and technological assistance for sustainable aquaculture development.

2. Encourage countries and stakeholders with advanced aquaculture technologies to offer technical support to developing countries and regions through South-South and Triangular Cooperation, making full use of FAO's South-South Cooperation mechanism and the 'Hand-in-Hand' Initiative to jointly build alliances, capacity development and joint research, technology transfer and resource sharing platforms, and promote innovative solutions such as pond farming, integrated rice and fish farming, recirculating systems, saline and alkaline lands integrated agro-aquaculture system, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and other nature-based aquaculture models, boosting modern aquaculture demonstration parks, accelerating the sustainable development of aquaculture, marine spatial planning, lake/reservoir carrying capacity management, sharing best practices in aquaculture governance, and thus achieve the goals of The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

3. Propose that, on the basis of South-South and Triangular Cooperation, the comparative advantages of each provider country should be fully leveraged to enhance regional cooperation on aquaculture talent training and capacity building, and promote the sharing of knowledge and experience among stakeholders. Collective actions at regional and sub-regional level should be fostered through South-South and Triangular Cooperation to ensure a sustainable management and use of aquaculture resources that are jointly shared by multiple countries. Joint efforts should be made to promote the transformation and upgrading as well as international cooperation of regional and global aquaculture production, processing and trade in the post-pandemic period. Furthermore, efforts should be made to build robust global aquaculture industry chains, enhance global aquaculture talent training capabilities, and gear up the establishment of international mutual recognition of aquatic product inspection and quarantine standards and traceability systems.

4. Call on the international community to take active actions, encourage and support youth's and women's entrepreneurship and employment initiatives, achieve gender equality and safeguard the livelihood of traditional aquatic farmers while reducing poverty and hunger through aquaculture. We call on countries across the globe to establish sustainable investment and risk management systems and formulate publicprivate partnership programmes to enhance the resilience of global aquaculture development in the face of climate change, extreme weather and natural disasters, and to promote the sustainable development and economic recovery of aquaculture in the post-disaster and post-pandemic periods.

We call for stronger solidarity, shared opportunities, and closer practical cooperation in various fields of aquaculture, so as to jointly promote the sustainable development of global aquaculture, and make greater contribution to ensuring global food security, improving people's well-being, and building a community with a shared future for mankind.