飛揚(yáng)
“學(xué)習(xí)雷鋒好榜樣,忠于革命忠于黨……”歌聲嘹亮,洋洋盈耳,原來(lái)是曲阜市息陬鎮(zhèn)一張曲村里的孩子們?cè)趨⒓印皬?fù)興少年宮”的活動(dòng)。當(dāng)天“復(fù)興少年宮”的課程主題是觀看經(jīng)典紅色電影和學(xué)唱紅歌,志愿者老師為孩子們放映了電影《離開雷鋒的日子》,隨后生動(dòng)地講述了雷鋒助人為樂的事跡,把“紅色種子”種在孩子們心里。
2021年5月,曲阜市被確定為鄉(xiāng)村“復(fù)興少年宮”全國(guó)50個(gè)建設(shè)試點(diǎn)縣(市、區(qū))之一。曲阜市鄉(xiāng)村“復(fù)興少年宮”依托新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐陣地以及各學(xué)校現(xiàn)有場(chǎng)地設(shè)施,結(jié)合各自特色,設(shè)置了豐富多彩的活動(dòng),同時(shí)引入新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心“云平臺(tái)”點(diǎn)單等形式,實(shí)現(xiàn)供需精準(zhǔn)、全面對(duì)接。在曲阜市22個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村“復(fù)興少年宮”試點(diǎn)村的課程表上,道德培育、勞動(dòng)實(shí)踐課程幾乎是所有鄉(xiāng)村共同打造的重點(diǎn):吳村鎮(zhèn)邀請(qǐng)莊戶劇團(tuán)成員自編三句半《孝敬父母我當(dāng)先》唱給孩子們聽,時(shí)莊街道李官莊將勞動(dòng)技術(shù)課作為必修課程,陵城鎮(zhèn)陵南村的孩子們走進(jìn)同齡留守兒童家中做客,幫他們打開心扉……
相比城市里豐富且優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育和文化服務(wù),農(nóng)村教育和文化資源相對(duì)匱乏,尤其是面向未成年人的教育和文化場(chǎng)所不足。從2018年開始,山東開展了新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心建設(shè)工作。經(jīng)過探索實(shí)踐,目前,全省縣鄉(xiāng)兩級(jí)新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐中心基本實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋,村級(jí)實(shí)踐站建成率達(dá)到79.6%,黨群服務(wù)中心、村史民俗館、廣場(chǎng)禮堂、書屋大院等“沉睡”的場(chǎng)所和資源被盤活喚醒,成為新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的活躍陣地。
提到百姓學(xué)堂,高密的農(nóng)民都會(huì)豎起大拇指點(diǎn)贊。在這里,讀紅色經(jīng)典、聽革命故事、唱愛國(guó)歌曲已成為大家的必修課,愛黨愛國(guó)的種子正潛移默化地撒播進(jìn)人們的心田。
高密市將黨史學(xué)習(xí)教育與新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐深度融合,以傾聽群眾意見、汲取群眾智慧、反映群眾需求、維護(hù)群眾利益為出發(fā)點(diǎn),探索整合教育、醫(yī)療、文旅等多方資源力量,建起90多處形式各異、覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的新時(shí)代文明實(shí)踐百姓學(xué)堂。通過遍布城鄉(xiāng)的百姓學(xué)堂和豐富的黨史學(xué)習(xí)方式,農(nóng)民變“死記硬背”為“現(xiàn)學(xué)活用”,黨史學(xué)習(xí)教育也真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了“接地氣”。此外,高密市充分發(fā)揮百姓學(xué)堂的“一堂多用”作用,將其打造成為農(nóng)村兒童家門口的“四點(diǎn)半課堂”和健康成長(zhǎng)的“心靈驛站”,既解決進(jìn)城務(wù)工家長(zhǎng)的后顧之憂,又幫助孩子樹立正確的人生觀和價(jià)值觀。
在山東,一座座鄉(xiāng)村記憶博物館正在農(nóng)村崛起,并融入鄉(xiāng)村人民生活,成為展示鄉(xiāng)村文化、樹立文化自信的重要平臺(tái)。
棗莊市臺(tái)兒莊區(qū)馬蘭屯鎮(zhèn)抗埠村是一個(gè)歷史文化名村,東漢時(shí)建村,村子周圍有漢墓群、古寺廟遺址及眾多古井。歷史遺產(chǎn)與田園風(fēng)貌并存,成為抗埠村最大的財(cái)富。為了保留這筆財(cái)富,抗埠村以“人文抗埠”“田園抗埠”為思路,征集各種老物件,建起了一座鄉(xiāng)村記憶館。這座“麻雀雖小,五臟俱全”的袖珍博物館,不僅記錄了抗埠村的歷史,也再現(xiàn)了該村從窮臟差到富美凈的“變形記”。如今,抗埠村鄉(xiāng)村記憶館不僅成為村民“憶苦思甜”的窗口,也成為村里孩子們的“第二課堂”。每逢節(jié)假日,孩子們都會(huì)涌進(jìn)這里,學(xué)習(xí)歷史知識(shí)之余,也重溫先輩們的奮斗歷程。
保護(hù)好、利用好優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化資源,通過鄉(xiāng)村文化的延續(xù),讓人們“記得住鄉(xiāng)愁”,是鄉(xiāng)村文化振興的重要內(nèi)容。近年來(lái),山東持續(xù)推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村記憶博物館建設(shè)、開展鄉(xiāng)村非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)利用,優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化對(duì)引導(dǎo)群眾、淳化民風(fēng)的作用日益凸顯。目前,全省已建成鄉(xiāng)村記憶博物館210多個(gè)。
湖光山色小蘇杭,詩(shī)情畫意金高唐。踏進(jìn)高唐縣河涯孫村,仿佛暢游在山水畫大家孫大石先生的書畫藝術(shù)世界里,一幅幅幽靜清雅的水墨山水作品以壁畫的形式點(diǎn)綴在房舍、街道、廣場(chǎng)上,給人以恬靜怡然、縱目千里之感。
高唐縣是國(guó)畫大師李苦禪、著名畫家孫大石的故鄉(xiāng)。近年來(lái),高唐縣積極推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村文化振興戰(zhàn)略,依托人文地理、自然資源和產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì),圍繞書畫藝術(shù)、民俗工藝等傳統(tǒng)文化、民俗文化和名人文化開展特色美麗畫鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)。在李苦禪、孫大石兩位大師藝術(shù)基因的浸染下,河涯孫村的百姓在農(nóng)閑時(shí)拿起畫筆,人人爭(zhēng)當(dāng)書畫家,使書畫藝術(shù)人才競(jìng)相涌現(xiàn)。在書畫隊(duì)伍的帶動(dòng)下,村里還涌現(xiàn)出了以剪紙、版畫、根雕、麥秸畫為業(yè)的文化能人和與之相配套的文化產(chǎn)業(yè),既弘揚(yáng)了優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化,也擦亮了鄉(xiāng)村振興的文化名片。
在平陰縣,有一種特別的銀行深受農(nóng)民歡迎。這里所說(shuō)的銀行,不存錢只存積分,這就是鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明銀行。村民通過文明行為來(lái)積攢積分,積分可以兌換獎(jiǎng)品。獎(jiǎng)品有大有小,小到洗衣粉、洗衣液、暖水瓶,大到上百元的電飯鍋、電動(dòng)噴霧器等。
“這個(gè)銀行是真好!”榆山街道東阮二村的焦玉芹興奮地說(shuō),“我們參加村里的一些活動(dòng)、開的會(huì),都給記上分,分越多兌換的東西也就越多。這不,家里醋沒了,我就直接來(lái)兌一瓶,中午做飯就能用上。”來(lái)到東阮二村,一進(jìn)銀行的門就看到一排排的“貨架”上擺滿了各種生活用品,墻上貼著文明銀行的加、減分辦法?!拔拿縻y行的前身是黨員積分超市,前期經(jīng)過一年多的黨員試行,效果很好,后來(lái)就針對(duì)全體村民開放了?!睎|阮二村黨支部書記孫其軍介紹。
“這個(gè)積分一般是一月一評(píng),不過平時(shí)只要有人做了好人好事,都會(huì)隨時(shí)給他記上分。”孫其軍說(shuō),銀行的積分項(xiàng)基本和村里的工作掛鉤,很好地激發(fā)了村民的積極性,大家對(duì)村里各項(xiàng)工作的參與感越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈了。
新時(shí)代鄉(xiāng)村振興,既要塑形更要鑄魂。其中,最根本的或永恒不變的就是靈魂,即鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明。近年來(lái),山東以人居環(huán)境、鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)民風(fēng)、文化生活“三個(gè)美起來(lái)”為目標(biāo),不斷提升農(nóng)民文明素質(zhì)和農(nóng)村社會(huì)文明程度,開展了“美麗庭院”創(chuàng)建、“清潔衛(wèi)生我先行”、“綠色生活我主導(dǎo)”、“文明家風(fēng)我傳承”等主題活動(dòng),鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境與精神面貌得到不斷改善;同時(shí)深化移風(fēng)易俗,引導(dǎo)廣大農(nóng)民自覺摒棄陳規(guī)陋俗、培育健康文明新風(fēng)尚。這些活動(dòng)的舉辦涌現(xiàn)出許多典型經(jīng)驗(yàn),如日照嵐山區(qū)由志愿者組成的300余支“文明迎親隊(duì)”,樹立了健康文明辦喜事的新風(fēng)正氣;威海榮成市的“暖心食堂”、濟(jì)寧曲阜市西焦溝村的“幸福食堂”,讓老人品嘗到“幸福味道”;菏澤巨野縣推行“一碗菜”辦法辦理喪事,“白事一碗菜,能省一萬(wàn)塊”在巨野廣大農(nóng)村已漸成共識(shí)。
刁艷杰
Shandong has always been strengthening material civilization and spiritual civilization simultaneously, solidly and effectively strengthening agriculture with thought, cultivating peasants with civilization, and benefiting peasants with culture, and has achieved significant results in the aspects of bringing prosperity to rural culture, cultivating civilized rural customs, good family traditions, and simple and honest folkways, and improving peasantsmental outlook. In 2020, 108 villages and towns of Shandong Province were selected onto the Sixth List of National Civilized Villages and Towns, and the number thereof ranked first nationwide.
In May 2021, Qufu was designated as one of the 50 pilot counties (cities/ districts) of Rural “Revitalization Childrens Palace” construction nationwide. On the schedule of 22 pilot villages of Rural “Revitalization Childrens Palace” construction in Qufu, Moral Cultivation and Labor Practice are almost the construction focuses of all villages.
Since 2018, Shandong has carried out the construction work of new era civilization practice centers. At present, Shandongs new era civilization practice centers at county and township levels have basically realized full coverage, with a completion rate of villagelevel practice stations up to 79.6%. In addition, party-masses service centers, village history museums, square halls, library compounds, and other“dormant” places and resources have been revitalized.
In recent years, Shandong has continued to promote rural memory museum construction to protect and utilize rural intangible cultural heritage. The role of fine traditional culture in guiding the masses and simplifying folkways has been increasingly prominent. So far, Shandong has completed more than 210 rural memory museums.
Aiming at beautifying human settlements, rural customs & folkways, and cultural life, Shandong has continued to improve peasants quality of civilization and the degree of social civilization in rural areas, and carried out such themed activities as “Beautiful Courtyard” Creation,“Sanitation Starting from Me”,“Green Life Dominated by Me”, and“Civilized Family Tradition Inherited by Me”, thereby continuously improving the rural environment and spirit. Besides, Shandong has deepened the transformation of old traditions and customs, and guided peasants to consciously abandon outmoded conventions and customs, and to cultivate new healthy and civilized practices.