沈瑩
【基本概念】
There be句型表示某處有某物或某人。there是引導詞,在句中不充當任何成分,翻譯時也不必譯出。
句式結(jié)構(gòu):There+連系動詞be+主語(人/物)+地點(介詞短語或副詞)。
(1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點狀語。
(2) There are +復數(shù)名詞+地點狀語。
名詞及主謂一致:
① 當主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時, be動詞用is。如:
There is a bird in the tree.? ?樹上有一只鳥。
② 當主語是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時,其be動詞就用are。如:
There are two children in the room. 房間里有兩個孩子。
③ 當主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時,(遵循就近原則)be動詞要根據(jù)離它最近的名詞的數(shù)來確定be的形式。如:
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.? 我們教室里有一位老師和許多學生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個男孩,一個女孩。
【There be句型轉(zhuǎn)化】
1. 如何改為否定句:直接在be后加上not或no。如:
There are some pictures on the wall. → There arent any pictures on the wall. = There are no pictures on the wall.
There is a bike behind the tree.? → There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
注意:肯定句中有some時,改為否定句或者疑問句時要將其改為any,而and則要改為or。not和no的不同之處在于not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a / an / any + n. 相當于no + n.。
2. 如何改為一般疑問句:把be動詞提到句首,句末句號改成問號。同時應注意:當肯定句中有some時,要將其改為any,而and要改成or。如:
There is some water on Mars.? → Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
在構(gòu)成一般疑問句時, 其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:
(1) Is + there + a / an+單數(shù)名詞+介詞短語?
(2) Is + there+不可數(shù)名詞+介詞短語?
(3) Are + there + any +復數(shù)名詞+介詞短語?
回答用Yes, there is / are. 或No, there isnt / arent.? 如:
—Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有個球嗎?
—Yes, there is. 是的,有。
—No, there isnt. 不是,沒有。
—Are there any children near the door? 門邊有些孩子嗎?
—Yes, there are. 是的,有。
—No, there arent. 不是,沒有。
3. 如何改為特殊疑問句:必須了解是對什么進行提問,懂得用哪個詞去發(fā)問。
(1) 對主語提問:當主語是人的時候,則用who 引導,當主語是物的時候,則用what 引導。
注意:無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),對之提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時卻要根據(jù)實際情況來決定)。如:
There are many things over there. →Whats over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
(2) 對地點狀語提問:則用where 引導。如:
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
(3) 對數(shù)量提問:一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu),以下兩種句型主要用來詢問“某處有多少人或物”。如:
① How many+復數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語?
② How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語?
How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?
How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少學生?
【拓展】
1. 在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,live, lie, stand等表示“存在”意義的不及物動詞也可作為謂語動詞放在there be句型中。如:
Long, long ago, there lived a king in this area. 很久很久以前有個國王住在這兒。
2. There be 句型與have句型的區(qū)別
There be句型與have (has)均表示“有”,但There be句型強調(diào)“某處有某人/某物”,著重“存在”的狀態(tài);have則強調(diào)“某人有某物”,著重“擁有”。如:
He has two sons. 他有兩個兒子。
There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個男人。
當have表示“包括”“存在”的含義時,There be 句型與其可互換。如:
A week has seven days. = There are seven days in a week.? 一個星期有七天。
There are three children in my family. 我家里有三個孩子。
I have three children. 我有三個孩子。