王振祥
V-ing形式可相當(dāng)于名詞,可在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
Reading is a good way to enlarge your vocabulary. (作主語(yǔ)) 閱讀是擴(kuò)大你的詞匯量的一個(gè)好方法。
After they completed designing the dam, they would start another project. (作賓語(yǔ)) 在他們完成了大壩的設(shè)計(jì)后,他們將開(kāi)始另一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。
Her job is typing the papers. (作表語(yǔ)) 她的工作是打印文件。
What kind of drinking cup would you like? (作定語(yǔ)) 你想要什么樣的酒杯?
本單元學(xué)習(xí)其充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的用法,現(xiàn)講解如下:
一、V-ing形式作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式
Playing computer games takes the teenagers too much time. 玩電腦游戲花費(fèi)青少年太多時(shí)間。
Collecting stamps is a popular hobby, especially among seniors. 集郵是一種受歡迎的愛(ài)好,尤其是在老年人中。
二、V-ing形式作主語(yǔ),可用it作形式主語(yǔ)
Its no use crying over spilt milk. 為溢出的牛奶而哭是沒(méi)有用的。(覆水難收)
此類(lèi)句型還有:
1. It is no / little use / useless+doing sth.
It is little use arguing about such things. 爭(zhēng)論此類(lèi)事情無(wú)益。
It is useless complaining about the weather. 抱怨天氣是沒(méi)用的。
2. It is+no / much good+doing sth.
Its no good pretending that you know everything. 假裝你什么都知道不是好事兒。
It is much good exploring your surroundings when you are new in a place. 當(dāng)你剛到一個(gè)地方時(shí),探索你周?chē)沫h(huán)境是有益的。
3. It is+a waste of time+doing sth.
It is a waste of time shouting here. No one will listen. 在這里大喊大叫是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。沒(méi)有人會(huì)聽(tīng)的。
Its just a waste of time contacting Jane. Shes lost her phone. 聯(lián)系簡(jiǎn)只是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。她弄丟了手機(jī)。
4. It is pointless / hopeless /+doing sth.
Its pointless repairing that car. Its time for a new car. 修理那輛車(chē)是毫無(wú)意義的。是時(shí)候買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)了。
5. It is worthwhile+doing sth.
It is worthwhile visiting the museum. 這個(gè)博物館值得參觀。
It wasnt worthwhile continuing with the project. 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不值得。
6. Theres no point +doing sth.
Theres no point advising her. Shes such a stubborn girl. 給她提建議是沒(méi)有用的。她是個(gè)很固執(zhí)的女孩。
三、V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞不定式的比較
動(dòng)詞不定式也可以作主語(yǔ),現(xiàn)將其與動(dòng)名詞比較如下:
1. 不定式作主語(yǔ):表示具體的、某一次的行為。
To quit smoking is really not an easy job for my father. 戒煙,對(duì)于我父親確實(shí)不是一件容易的事。
It is impossible to complete the task in such a short time. 在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。
2. V-ing形式作主語(yǔ):表示抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作。
Shopping online is becoming more and more popular. 網(wǎng)購(gòu)越來(lái)越流行。
Staying up too late is harmful to health. 熬夜太晚,對(duì)健康有害。
3. 實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,有些情況可互換,差異不大,但下列幾種情況除外:
(1) 當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是V-ing形式時(shí),主語(yǔ)也要用V-ing形式;當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí),主語(yǔ)也要用不定式。
Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.) 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
(2) 在Its no use (no good / a waste of time) doing sth.等句型中一般用V-ing形式,而不用不定式。
It is no good keeping this secret. 此事不公開(kāi)沒(méi)有什么好處。
It is a waste of energy arguing with her. 和她爭(zhēng)論是浪費(fèi)精力。
(3) 在It is important / necessary / easy to do sth.,It is + adj.+ for / of sb.+ to do sth.等句型中只能用不定式,而不使用V-ing形式。
It is important for you to learn English well. 對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)好好學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很重要。
It is very kind of you to help us. 你能幫助我們,真是太好了。
四、V-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞仍然保有動(dòng)詞的屬性,可以有其邏輯上的主語(yǔ),也就是在其前添加名詞或代詞說(shuō)明動(dòng)名詞是誰(shuí)的動(dòng)作。此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為“動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”。該結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可有兩種形式:1. 名詞普通格或人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格+動(dòng)名詞;2. 名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞。
Our school doesnt allow students / students smoking. 我們學(xué)校不允許學(xué)生吸煙。
The teacher said he didnt mind me / my opening the window. 老師說(shuō)不介意我開(kāi)窗戶(hù)。
She would appreciate you / your going to her defence. 你去保護(hù)她,她一定會(huì)感激的。
但是,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),只能使用第一種結(jié)構(gòu),即:名詞普通格或人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格+動(dòng)名詞。
Boy students wearing long hair is not permitted here. 男生蓄長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)在這里不允許。
Their leaving without permission will be punished. 他們未經(jīng)允許就離開(kāi),將會(huì)受懲罰。
【鞏固訓(xùn)練】
根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子,每空一詞。
1. In the 1860s, ___ ___ ___ (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)) between the South and the North.
2. ___ ___ (鍛煉) every morning helps make one healthy.
3. It is a waste of time ___ ___ ___ (玩電腦游戲).
4. It is impossible _? _ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (他們今天完成任務(wù)).
5. ___ ___ ___ ___ (他不懂英語(yǔ)) brought him a lot of inconvenience.
6. ___ ___ (復(fù)述故事) is a useful drill.
7. It is a good experience _?? _ ___ ___ (和你共事).
8. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (發(fā)表新年致辭) on TV is a common practice.
9. It is worthwhile ___ ___ ___
___ (向他咨詢(xún)此事).
10. There is no point ___ ___ ___? (談?wù)撚斡荆?without dipping into the water.