賈瑞芳,劉荷秀,黃美玲,李振麟,3*,錢士輝,3*
1.南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院,江蘇 南京 210028
2.江蘇省中醫(yī)藥研究院,江蘇 南京 210028
3.江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)與利用平臺(tái),江蘇 南京 210014
藿香Agastache rugosa(Fisch.et Mey.) O.Ktze為唇形科藿香屬多年生草本植物,又名蘇藿香、排香草、合香、川藿香、山薄荷、大葉薄荷等,在我國(guó)除西北以外的大多數(shù)省區(qū)有栽培。蘇藿香干燥地上部分入藥,性微溫、味辛,入脾、肺、胃經(jīng),具有芳香化濕、開(kāi)胃止嘔、解表祛暑之功效,可用于暑濕、胸悶腹脹、嘔吐、頭痛發(fā)熱、瀉痢等癥[1]?,F(xiàn)代研究表明蘇藿香中主要含有揮發(fā)油、三萜類、黃酮類、甾體等多種化學(xué)成分[2-3],其中揮發(fā)油研究比較充分。蘇藿香具有調(diào)節(jié)消化系統(tǒng)、調(diào)節(jié)血糖、抗腫瘤等藥理作用[4-5]。為了深入研究藿香中非揮發(fā)性活性成分,本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)硅膠、Sephadex LH20、ODS等色譜分離技術(shù)和質(zhì)譜、核磁共振等現(xiàn)代波譜技術(shù),對(duì)蘇藿香地上部分進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的化學(xué)成分分離和結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定,從75%乙醇提取物中分離得到了19個(gè)成分,包括8個(gè)黃酮及苷類成分刺槐素(acacetin,1)、芹菜素(apigenin,2)、香葉木素(diosmetin,3)、濱薊黃素(cirsimartin,4)、acidoflavanone(5)、木犀草素(luteolin,6)、田薊苷(tilianin,7)、藿香苷(agastachoside,8);1個(gè)木脂素乙基迷迭香酸(rosmarinic acid,9);6個(gè)三萜類成分熊果酸(ursolic acid,10)、山楂酸(maslinic acid,11)、乙酰熊果酸(acetyl ursolic acid,12)、2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oci acid(13)、2α,3αdihydroxyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid(14)、2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid(15);2個(gè)甾體類豆甾醇(stigmasterol,16)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(stigmasterol glucoside,17)和2個(gè)脂肪酸類成分肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid,18)、棕櫚酸(palmitic acid,19)?;衔?~6、9、12~17首次從藿香中分離得到,含硫黃酮acidoflavanone(5)目前僅在藿香和大戟科植物醋栗中有發(fā)現(xiàn)。
Agilent 1100系列LC-MS D Trap質(zhì)譜儀(美國(guó)安捷倫公司);ULTRA SHIELD 400 plus核磁共振波譜儀(德國(guó)布魯克公司);APS10制備液相色譜儀(北京元寶山色譜科技有限公司);中壓制備液相色譜系統(tǒng)(蘇州利穗科技有限公司);Waters 2695高效液相色譜儀(美國(guó)Waters公司);AQ-C18(250 mm×10 mm,5 μm;250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Welch公司);柱色譜硅膠(60~100、100~200、200~300、300~400目,青島海洋化工廠),薄層色譜硅膠(青島海洋化工廠);HSGF254薄層色譜硅膠板(煙臺(tái)江友硅膠開(kāi)發(fā)有限公司);Sephadex LH-20凝膠(Pharmacia Biotech公司);試劑為分析純和色譜純。
蘇藿香藥材于2016年7月采購(gòu)自江蘇荊南山中藥材科技有限公司,為當(dāng)年采收藥材,藥材原植物由江蘇省中醫(yī)藥研究院錢士輝研究員鑒定為唇形科藿香屬植物蘇藿香A.rugosa(Fisch.et Mey.) O.Ktze,憑證標(biāo)本(JSTCMIBS-160717)存放于江蘇省中醫(yī)藥研究院。
蘇藿香干燥藥材(12 kg)打粗粉后用10倍量75%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1.5 h,合并提取液,減壓濃縮至無(wú)醇味后繼續(xù)減壓濃縮得浸膏。浸膏(710 g)采用60~100目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1)、醋酸乙酯、醋酸乙酯-乙醇(2∶1)、95%乙醇梯度洗脫,合并得到5個(gè)部分(A~E)。B部分經(jīng)100~200目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(10∶1~3∶1)梯度洗脫,得到10個(gè)組分Fr.B1~B10。Fr.B4經(jīng)過(guò)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]純化,重結(jié)晶得化合物1(18 mg);Fr.B5經(jīng)200~300目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(4∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,得到Fr.B5-1~B5-7,F(xiàn)r.B5-3經(jīng)過(guò)SephadexLH-20柱色譜 [石油醚-氯仿-甲醇(2∶2∶1)]純化后重結(jié)晶得化合物2(17 mg)。C部分經(jīng)100~200目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(30∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脫,得到Fr.C1~C10,F(xiàn)r.C8經(jīng)過(guò)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜[氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]洗脫,得到Fr.C8-1~C8-8,F(xiàn)r.C8-3經(jīng)半制備高效液相色譜(70%甲醇)分離得到化合物6(10 mg)、7(3 mg)、8(9 mg);Fr.C1經(jīng)過(guò)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(氯仿-甲醇1∶1)純化后重結(jié)晶得化合物16(25 mg);Fr.C3經(jīng)200~300目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1、1∶1、1∶2)梯度洗脫,得到Fr.C3-1~C3-10,F(xiàn)r.C3-5經(jīng)過(guò)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]及高效液相色譜制備純化(90%甲醇洗脫)得到化合物3(25 mg)。A部分經(jīng)200~300目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(100∶1~10∶1)梯度洗脫,得到流分Fr.A1~A10,F(xiàn)r.A2經(jīng)過(guò)半制備液相色譜(85%甲醇洗脫)得到化合物18(12 mg)和19(15 mg);Fr.A4經(jīng)過(guò)200~300目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(30∶1~4∶1)洗脫,得到Fr.A4-1~A4-5,F(xiàn)r.A4-1經(jīng)過(guò)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]得到化合物4(42 mg);Fr.A4-3經(jīng)過(guò)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜 [氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)]純化后重結(jié)晶得到化合物5(15 mg)。D部分經(jīng)100~200目硅膠柱色譜分離,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(4∶1~1∶2)梯度洗脫,得到流分Fr.D1~D12,F(xiàn)r.D1經(jīng)過(guò)高相液相色譜(79%甲醇洗脫)制備,得到化合物10(22 mg)、11(16 mg);Fr.D3經(jīng)過(guò)高相液相色譜(30%~60%甲醇梯度洗脫)制備,得到化合物12(16 mg)、13(12 mg);Fr.D10采用薄層硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-丙酮(4∶1、2∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脫,得到流分Fr.D10-1~D10-5,F(xiàn)r.D10-4經(jīng)過(guò)高效液相色譜(79%甲醇洗脫)制備得到化合物14(16 mg)和15(20 mg)。E部分經(jīng)100~200目硅膠柱色譜,石油醚-醋酸乙酯(2∶1~1∶3)梯度洗脫,得到Fr.E1~E10,F(xiàn)r.E8經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20柱色譜(甲醇洗脫)純化后重結(jié)晶得到9(15 mg)。F部分經(jīng)C18中壓色譜系統(tǒng),25%~95%甲醇梯度洗脫,得到流分Fr.F1~F5。Fr.F2經(jīng)高效液相色譜(60%甲醇洗脫)制備得到化合物17(25 mg)。
化合物1:黃色粉末(甲醇),分子式C16H12O5,ESI-MSm/z: 283.1 [M-H]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.91 (1H,s,5-OH),10.81 (1H,s,7-OH),6.49 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.20 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),7.10 (2H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H-3′,5′),8.01(2H,d,J=8.9 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.84(1H,s,H-3),3.85(3H,s,4′-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:164.1 (C-2),103.4 (C-3),181.6 (C-4),157.2 (C-5),98.8 (C-6),163.2 (C-7),93.9 (C-8),161.3 (C-9),103.4(C-10),122.7 (C-1′),128.1 (C-2′,6′),114.4 (C-3′,5′),164.1 (C-4′),55.4(-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照基本一致[6],故鑒定化合物1為刺槐素。
化合物2:淡黃色粉末(乙醇),分子式C15H10O5,ESI-MSm/z: 269.2 [M-H]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.9 (1H,s,5-OH),6.16 (1H,brs,H-6),6.45 (1H,brs,H-8),6.74 (1H,s,H-3),6.92 (2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.91 (2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-2′,6′);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 164.9 (C-2),102.7(C-3),181.5 (C-4),161.3 (C-5),98.9 (C-6),163.5(C-7),94.0 (C-8),157.3 (C-9),121.0 (C-1′),128.3(C-2′,6′),115.9 (C-3′,5′),161.2 (C-4′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照基本一致[7],故鑒定化合物2為芹菜素。
化合物3:黃色粉末(乙醇),分子式C16H12O6,ESI-MSm/z: 299.2 [M-H]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.89 (1H,s,5-OH),7.51 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5′),7.41 (1H,s,H-2′),7.07 (1H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5′),6.70 (1H,s,H-3),6.42 (1H,s,H-8),6.16 (1H,s,H-6),3.86 (3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.2 (C-2),103.3 (C-3),181.4 (C-4),161.4 (C-5),99.1 (C-6),165.3 (C-7),94.0 (C-8),157.3(C-9),103.4 (C-10),123.0 (C-1′),112.9 (C-2′),146.8(C-3′),151.0 (C-4′),112.1 (C-5′),118.5 (C-6′),55.7(OCH3)。以上波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)對(duì)照一致[8],故鑒定化合物3為香葉木素。
化合物4:黃色粉末(甲醇),分子式C17H14O6,ESI-MSm/z: 313.3 [M-H]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.92 (1H,s,5-OH),10.35 (4′-OH),7.96 (2H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.93 (2H,d,J=8.3 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.92 (1H,s,H-8),6.84 (1H,s,H-3),3.92(3H,s,-OCH3),3.73 (3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.9 (C-2),102.6 (C-3),182.0(C-4),152.5 (C-5),131.8 (C-6),158.5 (C-7),91.4(C-8),151.9 (C-9),105.0 (C-10),121.0 (C-1′),128.3(C-2′,6′),115.8 (C-3′,5′),161.1 (C-4′),56.3 (6-OCH3),59.9 (7-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[9],故鑒定化合物4為濱薊黃素。
化合物5:黃色粉末(甲醇),分子式C16H14O9S,ESI-MSm/z: 383.0 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.93 (1H,s,5-OH),12.76 (1H,s,7-OH),9.60 (1H,s,4′-OH),7.34 (2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),6.81 (2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-3′,5′),5.49 (1H,dd,J=3.0,12.3 Hz,H-2),3.27 (1H,dd,J=12.3,17.0 Hz,H-3a),2.77 (1H,dd,J=3.0,17.0 Hz,H-3b),3.59(3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:78.4 (C-2),42.0 (C-3),196.8 (C-4),157.7 (C-5),127.8(C-6),154.3 (C-7),100.7 (C-8),157.4 (C-9),111.4(C-10),128.7 (C-1′),128.2 (C-2′,6′),115.2 (C-3′,5′),157.2 (C-4′),60.0 (OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[10],故鑒定化合物5為acidoflavanone。
化合物6:淡黃色粉末(乙醇),分子式C15H10O6,ESI-MSm/z: 287.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 13.00 (1H,s,5-OH),7.42(1H,dd,J=8.4,1.8 Hz,H-6′),7.38 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-2′),6.84 (1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-5′),6.62 (1H,s,H-3),6.40 (1H,d,J=1.6 Hz,H-8),6.15 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-6);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:163.9 (C-2),102.9 (C-3),181.5 (C-4),157.3 (C-5),98.8 (C-6),164.0 (C-7),93.8 (C-8),161.5 (C-9),103.7(C-10),119.0 (C-1′),113.4 (C-2′),145.8 (C-3′),149.7(C-4′),116.0 (C-5′),121.5 (C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[11],故鑒定化合物6為木犀草素。
化合物7:淡黃色粉末(乙醇),分子式C22H22O10,ESI-MSm/z: 445.3 [M-H]?。1H-NMR(300 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.90 (1H,s,5-OH),8.04(2H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.11 (2H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.92 (1H,s,H-3),6.84 (1H,s,H-8),6.45(1H,s,H-6),3.85 (3H,s,4′-OCH3);13C-NMR (75 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.0 (C-2),103.8 (C-3),182.0(C-4),157.0 (C-5),99.6 (C-6),163.8 (C-7),94.9(C-8),161.1 (C-9),105.4 (C-10),122.6 (C-1′),114.6(C-2′,6′),128.4 (C-3′,5′),162.4 (C-4′),99.9 (C-1″),73.1 (C-2″),76.4 (C-3″),69.6 (C-4″),77.2 (C-5″),60.6 (C-6″),55.6 (4′-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[12],故鑒定化合物7為田薊苷。
化合物8:淡黃色粉末(乙醇),分子式C24H24O11,ESI-MSm/z: 489.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 12.92 (1H,s,5-OH),8.06(2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-2′,6′),7.14 (2H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-3′,5′),6.96 (1H,s,H-3),6.82 (1H,d,J=2.2 Hz,H-8),6.45 (1H,J=2.2 Hz,H-6),5.12 (1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-1″),3.86 (3H,s,4′-OCH3),2.00 (3H,s,COCH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 163.8(C-2),103.8 (C-3),182.0 (C-4),162.5 (C-5),99.6(C-6),162.7 (C-7),94.9 (C-8),156.9(C-9),105.5(C-10),122.6 (C-1′),128.4 (C-2′,6′),114.6 (C-3′,5′),161.1 (C-4′),99.9 (C-1″),73.0 (C-2″),76.4 (C-3″),69.8 (C-4″),73.9 (C-5″),63.4 (C-6″),55.6 (4′-OCH3),170.1 (CH3CO),20.5 (COCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[13],故鑒定化合物8為藿香苷。
化合物9:棕色粉末(甲醇),分子式C20H20O8,ESI-MSm/z: 389.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 7.06 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2′),6.77 (1H,d,J=8.1 Hz,H-5′),7.01 (1H,dd,J=2.1,8.1 Hz,H-6),7.48 (1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-7′),6.26 (1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-8′),6.65 (1H,d,J=2.1 Hz,H-2),6.64(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5),6.50 (1H,dd,J=2.1,8.0 Hz,H-6),5.07 (1H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-8),2.96 (2H,brd,J=6.8 Hz,H-7),4.08 (2H,q,J=7.1 Hz,OCH2CH3),1.13 (3H,t,J=7.1 Hz,OCH2CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 126.6 (C-1),116.7 (C-2),144.9(C-3),144.1 (C-4),115.4 (C-5),120.1 (C-6),36.2(C-7),72.8 (C-8),169.4 (C-9),125.3 (C-1′),112.9(C-2′),145.6 (C-3′),148.7 (C-4′),115.7 (C-5′),121.7(C-6′),146.3 (C-7′),114.9 (C-8′),165.9 (C-9′),60.7(OCH2CH3),13.9 (OCH2CH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[14],故鑒定化合物9為乙基迷迭香酸。
化合物10:白色針晶(氯仿),分子式C30H48O3:ESI-MSm/z: 455.1 [M-H]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ: 5.12 (1H,t,J=3.1 Hz,H-12),3.00 (1H,m,H-3),1.03 (3H,s,H-27),0.80 (3H,s,H-23),0.90(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-29),0.89 (3H,s,H-26),0.81(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-30),0.74 (3H,s,H-24),0.67(3H,s,H-25);13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:38.1 (C-1),26.9 (C-2),76.7 (C-3),38.3 (C-4),54.7(C-5),17.9 (C-6),30.1 (C-7),39.0 (C-8),46.9 (C-9),36.4 (C-10),23.7 (C-11),124.4 (C-12),138.1 (C-13),41.5 (C-14),32.6 (C-15),22.7 (C-16),46.7 (C-17),52.3 (C-18),38.3 (C-19),38.4 (C-20),27.4 (C-21),36.2 (C-22),28.1 (C-23),16.8 (C-24),15.9 (C-25),15.1 (C-26),23.1 (C-27),178.1 (C-28),16.9 (C-29),20.9 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[15-16],故鑒定化合物10為熊果酸。
化合物11:白色針晶(氯仿),分子式C30H48O4,ESI-MSm/z: 507.3 [M+Cl]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 5.23 (1H,dd,J=3.3,4.0 Hz,H-12),3.61(1H,m,H-2),2.90 (1H,d,J=9.5 Hz,H-3),1.14 (3H,s,H-23),0.99 (3H,s,H-27),0.98 (3H,s,H-24),0.92(3H,s,H-30),0.88 (3H,s,H-25),0.79 (3H,d,H-26),0.78 (3H,s,H-29);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:48.0 (C-1),69.4 (C-2),84.4 (C-3),40.5 (C-4),56.6(C-5),19.5 (C-6),33.8 (C-7),40.4 (C-8),49.0 (C-9),39.2 (C-10),24.5 (C-11),123.3 (C-12),145.3 (C-13),42.7 (C-14),28.7 (C-15),24.0 (C-16),47.9 (C-17),42.9 (C-18),47.2 (C-19),31.5 (C-20),34.9 (C-21),33.8 (C-22),29.3 (C-23),17.0 (C-24),17.4 (C-25),17.7 (C-26),26.4 (C-27),182.4 (C-28),33.5 (C-29),24.0 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[17],故鑒定化合物11為山楂酸。
化合物12:無(wú)色羽狀結(jié)晶(氯仿),分子式C32H50O4,ESI-MSm/z: 497.2 [M-H]?。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCI3)δ: 5.23 (1H,brs,H-12),4.52 (1H,dd,J=6.2,9.6 Hz,H-3),2.18 (1H,d,J=11.2 Hz,H-18),2.04 (3H,s,COCH3),1.07 (3H,s,CH3-27),0.95 (3H,s,CH3-26),0.94 (3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,CH3-30),0.86 (3H,s,CH3-23),0.85 (3H,d,J=5.4 Hz,CH3-29),0.85 (3H,s,CH3-25),0.77 (3H,s,CH3-24);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCI3)δ: 38.4 (C-1),23.7 (C-2),81.1 (C-3),37.8 (C-4),55.4 (C-5),18.3(C-6),33.0 (C-7),39.6 (C-8),47.6 (C-9),37.0 (C-10),23.4 (C-11),125.9 (C-12),138.1 (C-13),42.0 (C-14),28.1 (C-15),24.2 (C-16),48.1 (C-17),52.7 (C-18),39.1 (C-19),39.0 (C-20),30.7 (C-21),36.8 (C-22),28.2 (C-23),17.1 (C-24),15.7 (C-25),16.8 (C-26),23.7 (C-27),183.3 (C-28),17.2 (C-29),21.3 (C-30),171.1 (CH3CO),21.4 (CH3CO)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[18],故鑒定化合物12為乙酰熊果酸。
化合物13:無(wú)色羽狀結(jié)晶(甲醇),分子式C30H46O5,ESI-MSm/z: 487.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 5.27 (1H,t,J=3.6 Hz,H-12),4.68 (1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-30a),4.62 (1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-30b),3.89 (1H,m,H-2),3.60 (1H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-3),3.59 (1H,d,J=11.0 Hz,H-23a),3.54 (1H,d,J=11.0 Hz,H-23b),1.01 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,CH3-29),1.19 (3H,s,CH3-27),1.03 (3H,s,CH3-24),0.85 (3H,s,CH3-25),0.79 (3H,s,CH3-26);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 42.3 (C-1),67.2 (C-2),78.7(C-3),42.5 (C-4),43.4 (C-5),18.3 (C-6),33.3 (C-7),40.8 (C-8),48.7 (C-9),39.1 (C-10),24.4 (C-11),127.0(C-12),139.5 (C-13),44.2 (C-14),29.1 (C-15),25.3(C-16),48.8 (C-17),56.5 (C-18),38.5 (C-19),154.5(C-20),33.7 (C-21),40.4 (C-22),71.3 (C-23),16.7(C-24),17.4 (C-25),17.6 (C-26),183.3 (C-28),17.8(C-29),105.2 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[19],故鑒定化合物13為2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oci acid。
化合物14:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式C30H48O4,ESI-MSm/z: 495.2 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 5.48 (1H,t,J=4.0 Hz,H-12),4.30 (1H,m,H-2),3.78 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-3),1.24,1.05,1.03,0.95,0.93,0.84 (各3H,s,6×CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 43.0 (C-1),66.7 (C-2),79.4 (C-3),38.9 (C-4),48.6 (C-5),18.8 (C-6),33.7 (C-7),40.4(C-8),48.5 (C-9),38.8 (C-10),24.4 (C-11),122.9(C-12),145.4 (C-13),42.7 (C-14),29.1 (C-15),24.4(C-16),47.1 (C-17),42.4 (C-18),46.9 (C-19),31.4(C-20),34.7 (C-21),33.4 (C-22),28.8 (C-23),21.9(C-24),17.5 (C-25),18.0 (C-26),26.7 (C-27),180.8(C-28),33.7 (C-29),24.3 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[20],故鑒定化合物14為2α,3α-dihydroxylolean-12-en-28-oic acid。
化合物15:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式C30H48O5,ESI-MSm/z: 489.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 5.47 (1H,t,J=3.2 Hz,H-12),4.27 (1H,m,H-2),3.92 (1H,d,J=2.4 Hz,H-3),0.98 (3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,29-CH3),0.94 (3H,d,J=8.4 Hz,30-CH3),1.16,1.07,1.01,0.88 (各3H,s,4×CH3);13C-NMR(100 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 43.2 (C-1),66.7 (C-2),79.3(C-3),40.6 (C-4),44.1 (C-5),18.8 (C-6),33.7 (C-7),42.5 (C-8),48.5 (C-9),38.8 (C-10),24.2 (C-11),126.0(C-12),139.8 (C-13),43.1 (C-14),29.1 (C-15),25.4(C-16),48.5 (C-17),54.0 (C-18),39.9 (C-19),39.9(C-20),31.6 (C-21),37.9 (C-22),71.7 (C-23),17.6(C-24),18.0 (C-25),18.2 (C-26),24.2 (C-27),180.4(C-28),18.3 (C-29),21.9 (C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[21],故鑒定化合物15為2α,3α,23-trihydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid。
化合物16:白色針晶(氯仿),分子式C29H48O,ESI-MSm/z: 413.1 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 5.34 (1H,d,J=5.08 Hz,H-6),5.15 (1H,dd,J=8.5,15.1 Hz,H-22),5.01 (1H,dd,J=15.1,8.4 Hz,H-23),3.51 (1H,m,H-3),1.03 (3H,s,19-CH3),0.69 (3H,s,18-CH3),0.84 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,27-CH3),0.83 (3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,26-CH3),0.80 (3H,t,J=6.9 Hz,29-CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 37.4 (C-1),29.0 (C-2),71.9 (C-3),42.5 (C-4),140.9(C-5),121.8 (C-6),32.0 (C-7),32.0 (C-8),50.3 (C-9),36.7 (C-10),21.3 (C-11),39.8 (C-12),42.4 (C-13),57.0 (C-14),24.5 (C-15),29.0 (C-16),56.1 (C-17),12.2 (C-18),19.5 (C-19),40.6 (C-20),21.3 (C-21),138.4 (C-22),129.4 (C-23),51.4 (C-24),31.8 (C-25),21.9 (C-26),19.1 (C-27),25.5 (C-28),12.4 (C-29)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[22],故鑒定化合物16為豆甾醇。
化合物17:白色粉末(甲醇),分子式為C35H58O6。1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 5.38 (1H,br s,H-6),5.24 (1H,dd,J=8.6,15.1 Hz,H-22),5.09(1H,dd,J=7.0,15.1 Hz,H-23),5.08 (1H,d,J=6.1 Hz,H-1′),4.31 (1H,m,H-3),0.96 (3H,s,19-CH3),0.69 (3H,s,18-CH3),0.87~0.94 (12H,m,21,26,27,29-CH3);13C-NMR (100 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 38.0 (C-1),30.7 (C-2),79.0 (C-3),39.9 (C-4),141.4 (C-5),122.3(C-6),32.6 (C-7),32.7 (C-8),50.8 (C-9),37.4 (C-10),21.9 (C-11),39.9 (C-12),43.0 (C-13),57.4 (C-14),25.0 (C-15),29.8 (C-16),56.6 (C-17),12.7 (C-18),19.9 (C-19),41.2 (C-20),21.8 (C-21),139.3 (C-22),130.0 (C-23),51.9 (C-24),32.7 (C-25),19.7 (C-26),21.8 (C-27),26.2 (C-28),13.0 (C-29),103.1 (C-1′),75.9 (C-2′),79.0 (C-3′),72.3 (C-4′),78.7 (C-5′),63.4(C-6′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[23],故鑒定化合物17為豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。
化合物18:白色顆粒狀固體(氯仿),分子式C14H28O2,ESI-MSm/z: 229.1 [M+H]+,251.1 [M+Na]+,263.0 [M+Cl]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.34 (2H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-2),1.62 (2H,m,H-3),1.26~1.29 (20H,m,H-4~13),0.88 (3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,14-CH3)。根據(jù)氫譜和質(zhì)譜數(shù)據(jù)可以推斷18為肉豆蔻酸。
化合物19:白色無(wú)定形粉末(氯仿),分子式C16H32O2,ESI-MSm/z: 257.0 [M+H]+,255.1 [MH]?。1H-NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 2.38 (2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2),1.65 (2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.30 (22H,m,H-4~14),1.03 (2H,m,H-15),0.85 (3H,t,J=6.0 Hz,16-CH3)。根據(jù)氫譜和質(zhì)譜數(shù)據(jù)可以推斷化合物19為棕櫚酸。
利益沖突所有作者均聲明不存在利益沖突