Juno

南丁格爾是世界上第一個(gè)真正的女護(hù)士，她開(kāi)創(chuàng)了護(hù)理事業(yè)。她的努力，讓昔日地位低微的護(hù)士，成為崇高的象征，“南丁格爾”也成為護(hù)士精神的代名詞。國(guó)際護(hù)士節(jié)設(shè)立在南丁格爾的生日這一天，就是為了紀(jì)念這位近代護(hù)理事業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人。

Florence Nightingale， known as “The Lady With the Lamp”， was a British nurse， social reformer and 1）statistician. She was the founder of modern nursing， transforming nursing into a respectable 2）profession. She established St. Thomas' Hospital and the Nightingale Training School for Nurses in 1860. Her efforts to reform healthcare greatly influenced the quality of care in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Florence Nightingale was born on May 12， 1820， in Florence， Italy. Although her parents were from England， she was born in Italy while they were traveling. Florence was named after the Italian city where she was born. Growing up in a wealthy family， Florence Nightingale was homeschooled and her father provided her with a 3）classical education， including studies in German， French and Italian.

From a very young age， Florence Nightingale was

1） statistician [?st?t??st??n] n.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家

2） profession [pr??fe?n] n.職業(yè)

3） classical [?kl?s?kl] adj.傳統(tǒng)的;古典的

active in 4）philanthropy， 5）ministering to the ill and poor people in the village neighboring her family's estate. By the time she was 16 years old， it was clear to her that nursing was her calling.

Even though it was not a respected profession at the time， Nightingale told her parents about her ambitions to become a nurse. They were not pleased. In fact， her parents forbade her to pursue nursing. During the Victorian Era， a young lady of Nightingale's social 6）stature was expected to marry a man of means—not take up a job that was viewed as lowly 7）menial labor by the upper social classes. When Nightingale was 17 years old， she refused a marriage 8）proposal from a “suitable” gentleman. Determined to pursue her true calling despite her parents' objections， in 1844， Nightingale 9）enrolled as a nursing student at the Lutheran Hospital of Pastor Fliedner in Kaiserwerth， Germany.

After finishing her program in Germany， Nightingale went to Paris for extra training. By the time she was 33， Nightingale was already making a name for herself in the nursing community. She returned to England in 1853 and became the 10）superintendent and manager of a hospital for “gentlewomen” in London.

In March 1854， reports flooded in about the 11）dreadful conditions and lack of medical supplies suffered by injured soldiers fighting the Crimean War. The Minister of War， a social 12）acquaintance， invited Florence. With a party of 38 nurses， Florence arrived at the British camp outside of Constantinople that

4） philanthropy [f??l?nθr?pi] n.慈善活動(dòng)??? 9） enroll [?n'r??l] v.入學(xué)

5） minister [?m?n?st?（r）] v.照料??? 10） superintendent [?su?p?r?n?tend?nt] n.負(fù)責(zé)人

6） stature [?st?t??（r）] n.高度;聲望??? 11） dreadful [?dredfl] adj.可怕的，糟糕的

7） menial [?mi?ni?l] adj.卑微的?? ?12） acquaintance [??kwe?nt?ns] n.熟人

8） proposal [pr??p??zl] n.求婚

November and set about organising the hospitals to improve supplies of food， blankets and beds， as well as the general conditions and cleanliness. The comforting sight of her checking all was well at night earned her the name “Lady of the Lamp”， along with the 13）undying respect of the British soldiers.

Within six months， Nightingale and her team transformed the hospital. The death rate went down from 40 percent to 2 percent because of their work.

When Nightingale returned from the war， she continued to improve the conditions of hospitals. She 14）presented her experiences and her data to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1856. This data was the reason they formed a Royal Commission to improve the health of the British Army. In 1859， Nightingale continued to spread her healthier medical practices by helping to set up the Army Medical College in Chatham. That same year， she published a book called Notes on Nursing： What it is， and What it is Not. Her book gives advice on good patient care and safe hospital environments. As a result of her efforts during the war， a fund was set up for Nightingale to continue teaching nurses in England. In 1860， the Nightingale Training School at St. Thomas' Hospital was officially opened. In her later years， Nightingale was often 15）bedridden from illness. However， she continued to 16）advocate for safe nursing practices until her death.

Florence Nightingale died on August 13th，

13） undying [f??l?nθr?pi] adj.永恒的，不朽的

14） present [?st?t??（r）] v.展現(xiàn);提交

15） bedridden [pr??p??zl] adj.臥床不起的

16） advocate [，su：p?r?n?tend?nt] v.倡導(dǎo)

1910 at the age of 90. Two years after her death， the International Committee of the Red Cross created the Florence Nightingale Medal， that is given to excellent nurses every two years. Also， International Nurses Day has been celebrated on her birthday since 1965.

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾是一名英國(guó)護(hù)士，一位社會(huì)改革家和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家，有“提燈天使”的美稱，也是現(xiàn)代護(hù)理的創(chuàng)始人，將護(hù)理變成了受人們尊敬的職業(yè)。她于1860年在圣托馬斯醫(yī)院創(chuàng)建了南丁格爾護(hù)士學(xué)校，為醫(yī)療護(hù)理改革做出的努力極大地影響了19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)的護(hù)理質(zhì)量。

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾，1820年5月12日出生于意大利佛羅倫薩。盡管她的父母來(lái)自英格蘭，卻是在意大利旅行時(shí)生下了她，便以她出生的意大利城市給她命名。弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾在一個(gè)富裕的家庭中長(zhǎng)大，一直在家中上學(xué)，她的父親為她提供古典教育，包括德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和意大利語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)。

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾從很小的時(shí)候就積極從事慈善事業(yè)，照料附近村莊中的病人和窮人。到16歲時(shí)，她已經(jīng)很清楚護(hù)理是她的使命。

當(dāng)時(shí)的護(hù)士并不是一份受人尊重的職業(yè)，但南丁格爾還是告訴她的父母她想成為一名護(hù)士。她的父母并不高興。實(shí)際上，他們禁止她繼續(xù)做護(hù)理。在維多利亞時(shí)代，像南丁格爾一樣的年輕女士被認(rèn)為應(yīng)該與一個(gè)有錢人結(jié)婚，而不是從事被上流社會(huì)視為卑微的勞動(dòng)的工作。南丁格爾17歲時(shí)，拒絕了一位“合適的”紳士的求婚。她不顧父母的反對(duì)，決心追求她的真正夢(mèng)想，于1844年，在德國(guó)凱瑟沃茲路德教會(huì)的弗里德納牧師醫(yī)院就讀。

在德國(guó)完成學(xué)業(yè)后，南丁格爾前往巴黎接受額外的培訓(xùn)。33歲的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)在護(hù)理界小有名氣。1853年，她回到英格蘭，擔(dān)任倫敦患病婦女護(hù)理會(huì)的監(jiān)督。

1854年3月，關(guān)于克里米亞戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的受傷士兵所處的嚴(yán)峻條件和缺乏醫(yī)療用品的報(bào)道泛濫。一位認(rèn)識(shí)的部長(zhǎng)邀請(qǐng)南丁格爾來(lái)隊(duì)伍中照顧傷員。南丁格爾與38名護(hù)士一起，于11月抵達(dá)君士坦丁堡郊外的英國(guó)營(yíng)地，并著手組織醫(yī)院改善食物、毯子和床的供應(yīng)，以及提升總體條件和清潔度。她在晚上手提著燈仔細(xì)檢查每一名傷員的景象使她獲得了“提燈天使”的美稱，并贏得了英國(guó)士兵的敬意。

在六個(gè)月內(nèi)，南丁格爾和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)醫(yī)院進(jìn)行了改造。由于她們的工作，英軍死亡率從40%下降到2%。

南丁格爾從前線回來(lái)后，繼續(xù)改善醫(yī)療條件。她于1856年向維多利亞女王和阿爾伯特親王介紹了自己的經(jīng)歷，并呈現(xiàn)了一些數(shù)據(jù)。這些數(shù)據(jù)支撐他們成立了皇家委員會(huì)以改善英軍的醫(yī)療條件。1859年，南丁格爾在查塔姆建立陸軍醫(yī)學(xué)院，以繼續(xù)傳播她更健康的醫(yī)療習(xí)慣。同年，她出版了一本書(shū)，名為《護(hù)理札記》。這本書(shū)就良好的護(hù)理和安全的醫(yī)療環(huán)境兩方面給出建議。鑒于她在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間的努力，南丁格爾獲得了巨額捐款并以此作為“南丁格爾基金”，以繼續(xù)在英格蘭培訓(xùn)護(hù)士。1860年，圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的南丁格爾護(hù)士學(xué)校正式創(chuàng)立。晚年，南丁格爾因病常年臥床不起，但她一直提倡安全的護(hù)理習(xí)慣，直到去世。

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾于1910年8月13日去世，享年90歲。在她去世兩年后，紅十字國(guó)際委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立了南丁格爾勛章，每?jī)赡觐C發(fā)一次給優(yōu)秀的護(hù)士。此外，自1965年以來(lái)，南丁格爾的生日5月12日被設(shè)為“國(guó)際護(hù)士節(jié)”。